P6 - Articles - LIDSEN Publishing Inc.丨The Open Access Publisher

Table of Content

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials

Julia Tourtelot ,

Ann Bourgès and

Emmanuel Keita

Received: 09 March 2021; Published: 26 July 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103031

Abstract

Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ dep [...]

2156 12705

Open Access Original Research

Assisted Phytostabilization of Acidic Polymetallic Mine Tailings Using Marble Waste and Native Plant Citrullus colocynthis: Effect on Soil, Plant, and Metal Uptake

Laila Midhat ,

Naaila Ouazzani ,

Abdessamed Hejjaj ,

Ahmed Ouhammou and

Laila Mandi

Received: 29 December 2020; Published: 22 July 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103030

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the phytostabilization ability of the native Moroccan plant Citrullus colocynthis on the neutralization of soil acidity and stabilization of metallic trace elements (MTEs) assisted by marble waste. Mine tailings (MT) collected from an abandoned polymetallic site were mixed with powdered marble (PM) using different mixing ratios (%): (MTPM25), (MTPM50), (MTPM75), and agricultural soil (AS) acting as the control. Seeds of C. colocynthis were selected and planted under g [...]

1556 8149

Open Access Research Article

Drainage in a Screw Press and Utilization of the Recovered Fibres after Thermo-Hydrolytic Disintegration of Waste Fibreboards

Fahriye Yagmur Bütün Buschalsky and

Carsten Mai

Received: 15 March 2021; Published: 22 July 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103029

Abstract

A thermo-hydrolytic disintegration process qualifies as a promising option for recycling the waste MDF and preserving the fibrous morphology of the recovered lignocellulosic fibre material. This study aims to include a drainage process between the thermo-hydrolytic disintegration and the further utilization of the recovered fibres (RF) obtained using a screw press for removing the disintegration water (DW). In this context, the chemical properties of the RF (pH, nitrogen content, formaldehyde emissions) and the DW [...]

1726 8881

Open Access Original Research

Suitability of Steel Making Slag as a Construction Material Resource

Lucy V. Fisher and

Andrew R. Barron

Received: 24 February 2021; Published: 16 July 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103028

Abstract

One of the largest problems facing the steelmaking industry is the high amount of waste currently produced and the low amount of waste that is currently recycled. This study aims to look at the suitability of 3 different samples of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO2 adsorption analysis [...]

2306 17365

Open Access Review

Use of α-Lactalbumin [α-La] from Whey as a Vehicle for Bioactive Compounds in Food Technology and Pharmaceutics: A Review

Andrea P. Cuevas-Gómez ,

Izlia J. Arroyo-Maya and

Humberto Hernández-Sánchez

Received: 26 April 2021; Published: 22 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102027

Abstract

Whey protein is a byproduct of cheese, casein, and Greek yogurt produced in Europe, North America, and Australasia. It is a substantial source of functional proteins and peptides for the worldwide food industry. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) is a globular protein that can be isolated from WPI (whey protein isolates) using techniques such as chromatography/gel filtration, membrane separation, etc. α-La is used in the elaboration of functional foods and is a very good source of peptides with anticancer, antimicrobial, antivir [...]

1747 12487

Open Access Review

A Review of the Multi-Physical Characteristics of Plant Aggregates and Their Effects on the Properties of Plant-Based Concrete

Herinjaka Haga Ratsimbazafy ,

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ,

Camille Magniont and

Philippe Evon

Received: 26 March 2021; Published: 20 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102026

Abstract

The use of plant aggregates obtained from agricultural co-products mixed with mineral binders to form eco-friendly insulating building materials has been initiated for a few years to bring environmentally friendly solutions to the construction sector. Several studies on different agro-resources have already been carried out, providing various information about the properties of plant aggregates and plant-based concrete. However, the characteristics of the agricultural co-product, which allow it to qualify as a plan [...]

2219 18580

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Aging, Sterilization, and Composition on the Degradation of Polyurethane Foams

Sam T Briggs ,

Mary Beth B Monroe ,

Mark A Weizbicki ,

Sayyeda Marziya Hasan and

Duncan J Maitland

Received: 05 April 2021; Published: 25 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102025

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are highly attractive materials for medical devices. Specifically, SMP foams are currently being used as embolic devices in peripheral and cerebral vascular applications. To ensure the proper function and safety of these materials in their intended applications, it is important to understand how processing treatments, such as aging, sterilization, and foam composition can influence their degradation. Here, SMP foams were treated with industry relevant processing parameters, and the infl [...]

1887 12057

Open Access Original Research

The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants

Mariusz KSIĄŻEK

Received: 24 March 2021; Published: 15 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102024

Abstract

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it [...]

1601 8339

Open Access Research Article

A New Progress in Random Hydrodynamic Lubrication for Movable Non-Rotational Curvilinear Biosurfaces with Phospholipid Bilayers

Krzysztof Wierzcholski

Received: 08 October 2020; Published: 02 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102023

Abstract

This paper aims to highlight the result of a new progression of mathematical estimation methods of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for arbitrary, curvilinear, non-rotational, co-operating, living biological surfaces coated with phospholipid bi-layers. Movable, non-rotational, co-operating surfaces occur in various biological friction nods like the collar bone, the blade bone, the jump joint, and the wrist joint. Specifically, the author presents a synthetic and comprehensive estimation of stochas [...]

1637 8362

Open Access Original Research

Feasibility Study on the Use of Modified Copper Slag as a Sustainable Fine Aggregate in Mortar

Pithchai Pandian Sivakumar ,

Elke Gruyaert ,

Nele De Belie and

Stijn Matthys

Received: 09 March 2021; Published: 02 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102022

Abstract

Depending on the availability of aggregate sources pertaining to their geographic locations, the concrete industry utilizes conventional aggregates such as marine sand, dredged gravel, or crushed rocks. This method requires high energy and high processing costs for washing and grinding. The objective of this work is to use Modified Ferro silicate slag (MFS), a by-product obtained from the copper industry, as an alternative to the conventional fine aggregates found in mortar. No additional processing such as washing [...]

1635 10043

Open Access Research Article

Plane Waves Scattered by a Spherical Inclusion in a Half Space of Poroelastic Material

Doo-Sung Lee

Received: 09 December 2020; Published: 02 June 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102021

Abstract

This paper concerns a poroelastic half-space in which plane compressional waves are scattered by a spherical inclusion. Addition theorems for the spherical wave functions are utilized to meet the boundary conditions on the plane, and the satisfaction of the given conditions on the boundary of the sphere leads to three infinite series equations, whose solution can be acquired by successive approximations. Further, its existence and uniqueness are discussed.

1496 7084

Open Access Original Research

Pilot Study of Tooth Structure Removed in Primary Molar Zirconia Crown Preparations of Typodont Teeth

Christopher Wilson ,

Anthenius Versluis ,

Daranee Tantbirojn and

Martha Wells

Received: 10 February 2021; Published: 28 May 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102020

Abstract

Prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZRCs) require a passive fit and more reduction than stainless steel crowns (SSC). To determine the mean and maximum reduction depths in the mesial-buccal and occlusal areas for three ZRC brands and one SSC in posterior primary typodont molars and to compare reduction depths to existing literature to determine the preparation’s proximity to pulpal tissue. Four primary maxillary and mandibular typodont teeth (J and S) were prepared according to the manufacturers’ guidelines for three ZR [...]

1610 8841

Open Access Original Research

Theoretical Modelling of Liquid Crystal Electro-Optical Material Display Elements to Achieve Optimal Low Power Consumption Ship Stealth

Chris R. Lavers

Received: 29 December 2020; Published: 14 May 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102019

Abstract

Advanced optical stealth techniques are of growing importance in the role of manned and unmanned aircraft or ship platforms. We consider here the concept of using passive reflective display elements rather than high power active light projection to achieve a low observable camouflaged ship platform. This paper presents practical consideration towards minimal radiated power user-driven requirements using adaptive liquid crystal electro-optical methods. Optical reflectivity for a multi-layer liquid crystal cell struc [...]

1654 10672

Open Access Original Research

The Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Potential of Carbon-Dioxide-Cured Alternative Binder Concrete

Sampo Mäkikouri ,

Sirje Vares ,

Kirsi Korpijärvi and

Nikolaos Papakonstantinou

Received: 12 January 2021; Published: 13 May 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102018

Abstract

Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest issues plaguing human life at present. Hence, immense attention is being paid to developing methods that can potentially reduce carbon dioxide emission. With the help of carbon-negative concrete, manufactured from alternative binders and cured with waste carbon dioxide, a major part of the manufacturing industries that emit carbon dioxide can be potentially turned into a carbon sink. In this study, the waste material streams in Finland, suitable for disposing [...]

2748 24184

Open Access Review

Machine Learning in Hazardous Building Material Management: Research Status and Applications

Pei-Yu Wu ,

Kristina Mjörnell ,

Claes Sandels and

Mikael Mangold

Received: 22 January 2021; Published: 11 May 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102017

Abstract

Assessment of the presence of hazardous materials in buildings is essential for improving material recyclability, increasing working safety, and lowering the risk of unforeseen cost and delay in demolition. In light of these aspects, machine learning has been viewed as a promising approach to complement environmental investigations and quantify the risk of finding hazardous materials in buildings. In view of the increasing number of related studies, this article aims to review the research status of hazardous mater [...]

1789 11077

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of Durability of Bio-based Earth Composites

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ,

Paulina Faria ,

Jean-Emmanuel Aubert and

Camille Magniont

Received: 12 March 2021; Published: 07 May 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102016

Abstract

Bio-based earth composites present various environmental benefits, such as usable wastes, coproducts, abundant or renewable materials, etc. Moreover, the incorporation of bioaggregates in the earth matrix allows the buildings to act as an effective carbon sink. A growing number of studies are now focusing on the mechanical and hygrothermal properties of bio-based earth building materials. However, the durability of these types of material is a major concern, and knowledge of their various aspects is essential to an [...]

1656 16919

Open Access Short Review

Carbon Dots: An Insight into Their Application in Heavy Metal Sensing

Carlos A. Echeverry-Gonzalez and

Vladimir V. Kouznetsov

Received: 01 December 2020; Published: 28 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102015

Abstract

The design of nanomaterials for application in diverse fields ranging from photovoltaic to fluorescence sensing is a research area of increasing interest. Recently, Quantum Dots (QDs), which are classified as semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) and Carbon dots (CDs), have become a hot topic of investigation, owing to their extraordinary tunable fluorescence emission properties that render them excellent candidates for sensing metal ions. The detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions with high sensitivity is very i [...]

2283 16970

Open Access Case Report

Non-surgical Furcal Perforation Management with Biodentine in Retreatment: A 1-Year Recall Review

CT Valliappan ,

J Joyson Joe Asir ,

V Subashri ,

V Vaishnavi and

I Anand Sherwood

Received: 28 December 2020; Published: 27 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102014

Abstract

Furcal perforation management in root canal retreatment is often challenging as the outcome of the perforation sealing depends on several parameters. The recent introduction of several bioactive cements and magnification systems has made the sealing of perforations easier and the outcome more predictable. This study highlights the clinical outcomes of furcal perforation management in root canal retreatment using biodentine.

1600 14317

Open Access Original Research

Potential of Wastewater Valorization after Wet Extraction of Proteins from Faba Bean and Pea Flours

Sofía Albolafio ,

María I. Gil ,

Ana Allende and

Epameinondas Xanthakis

Received: 02 December 2020; Published: 21 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102013

Abstract

The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The dif [...]

1998 15161

Open Access Perspective

Lithium-ion Battery and the Future

Eugene Stephane Mananga

Received: 26 December 2020; Published: 13 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102012

2805 15778

Open Access Research Article

Classical and Quantum Models of Diffusion

Angelo Morro

Received: 19 February 2021; Published: 13 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102011

Abstract

The objective of the paper is twofold: first, to review the classical diffusion models and show the approximations at the origin of the parabolic character of the classical equations; second, to demonstrate a connection between the quantum and classical models of diffusion. As diffusion is inherently related to the motion of constituents, the consistent models are framed within the dynamics of mixtures. The derivation of diffusion equations is then determined based on the related, pertinent approximations.

1699 10862

Open Access Original Research

Contactless Detection of Natural Bending Frequencies using Embedded Metallic-Glass Ribbons inside Plastic Beams made of 3-D Printing

Dimitris Kouzoudis ,

Georgios Samourgkanidis and

Christos I. Tapeinos

Received: 12 December 2020; Published: 06 April 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102010

Abstract

In the current work, to identify the bending mode harmonics, 30 microns thin magnetoelastic ribbons made of metallic glass are embedded inside 6 mm thick PLA plastic cantilever beams made by 3-D printing. This is possible because the ribbons are of magnetoelastic nature and thus change their mechanical state inducing a corresponding change in their magnetic state. The ribbons are placed at four different depths, starting with zero depth at the beam’s external surface all the way inside to the beam’s mid-plane. This [...]

1569 8452

Open Access Original Research

The behaviour of Nitinol Wire Bundles for Structural Applications

Chandra Mouli Vemury ,

Marco Corradi ,

Feras Abozaid ,

Alasdair Charles and

David Hughes

Received: 19 August 2019; Published: 30 March 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101009

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMA) belong to a family of smart materials, which undergo diffusionless phase transformations when subjected to thermo-mechanical changes making them ideally suitable for utilization in several structural engineering applications. Within this class of materials, Ni-Ti (Nickel-Titanium) alloys are predominantly used due to their non-linear behaviour. Nitinol, one of the Ni-Ti alloys, possesses unique properties such as super-elasticity and shape- memory effect, which makes it suitable for dampin [...]

3289 21859

Open Access Original Research

Effect of Fiber/Matrix Interface Modification on Basalt Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

Kohl Jacobson ,

Sam Strassler ,

Courtney Spalt ,

Sara Henry ,

Arthur Powers and

Donald W. Radford

Received: 22 December 2020; Published: 29 March 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101008

Abstract

Continuous fiber reinforced geopolymer matrix composites offer the potential for use in structural applications at temperatures up to 700°C, while enabling the manufacture at temperatures below 100°C. Studies have investigated a variety of high temperature structural fiber reinforcements, including carbon, SiC and Al2O3. While there has been active research into various grades of Al2O3 fibers, SiC is most commonly used for high temperature reinforcement of geopolymers in oxidizing environments. Both familie [...]

1818 10747

Open Access Review

Progress of Nanomaterials in Preventative and Restorative Dentistry

Supriya Rattan ,

Derek Fawcett ,

M. Tennant ,

Joanna Granich and

Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern

Received: 02 November 2020; Published: 05 March 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101007

Abstract

To date, many studies have examined the development and use of novel materials, enhancing the performance of existing dental composites and improving methods for restoring tooth structure. In recent years, nanotechnology-based techniques have been used to develop a variety of nanomaterial-based dental products aimed at conservative dentistry applications. These new nanomaterial-based materials offer improved physicochemical and mechanical properties, combined with enhanced aesthetics that makes them superior restor [...]

2709 20153

Open Access Original Research

Dimensional, Mechanical and LCA Characterization of Terrazzo Tiles along with Glass and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)

Paola Stabile ,

Francesco Radica ,

Luigi Ranza ,

Michael R. Carroll ,

Carlo Santulli and

Eleonora Paris

Received: 12 December 2020; Published: 02 March 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101006

Abstract

In this work, two types of wastes were introduced, namely, glass from municipal waste and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW). The latter, which was obtained from rubble generated by the seismic events occurred in Central Italy in 2016, was introduced in two configurations, the single-layer and the double-layer of the cement-based Terrazzo tiles. A maximum of 77% of waste introduction was proven to be possible, therefore creating the possibility of obtaining construction products including high quantities of se [...]

2281 19285

Open Access Review

High-Performance Polymers for Aeronautic Wires Insulation: Current Uses and Future Prospects

Gérald Lopez

Received: 25 November 2020; Published: 25 February 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101005

Abstract

Polymers such as polyimides and fluoropolymers are widely used for insulating aeronautic wires. They are exposed to various changing factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture, vibration, chafing, etc. The electrification on the horizon can potentially increase the demand for these systems. Indeed, this impending evolution of technology pushes the boundaries of commonly-employed wires. Downsizing systems and enhancing the performance is an urgent requirement. A new generation of insulating materials capable of [...]

3530 29817

Open Access Original Research

Toward Next Generation Plasmonic Nanopore Slit Platform with a ~10 nm Slit-Width

Seong Soo Choi ,

Byung Seong Bae ,

Kyoung Jin Kim ,

Myoung JIn Park ,

Yong Min Lee ,

Hyun Tae Kim and

Soo Bong Choi

Received: 22 December 2020; Published: 05 February 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101004

Abstract

We fabricated various nanoaperture plasmonic platforms for single-molecule detection. We fabricated nanoapertures like nanopores on a pyramid and nanoslits on an Au flat membrane using a Ga ion focused ion beam drilling technique, followed by irradiating with a high energy electron beam, dependent on the electron beam current density to obtain nanoapertures with a few nanometer sizes (circular nanopore, nanoslit pores). We examined their optical characteristics with varying aperture sizes and sample thicknesses. We [...]

4643 16710

Open Access Original Research

Tribological Behaviour of Sputter Coated ZnO Thin Films

Ahalapitiya H Jayatissa ,

Omer Ahmed ,

Bodhi R Manu and

Adam M Schroeder

Received: 13 August 2020; Published: 22 January 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101003

Abstract

The tribological properties of ZnO thin film coated on an aluminium work piece by RF magnetron sputtering were studied as a function of deposition power, substrate coating temperature, heat treatment and rotation speed. The variation in the coefficient of friction of ZnO films produced under various levels of coating parameters and conditions were experimentally determined using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that with change in deposition conditions and heat treatment, there are significant microstru [...]

1747 10955

Open Access Original Research

Deflection of a Concrete T-beam with Prestressed and Non-prestressed Fiber Reinforcement Polymers at Elevated Temperatures

Mohammed Faruqi ,

Zachary Scott Dean ,

Francisco Aguiniga and

Breanna Bailey

Received: 15 November 2020; Published: 15 January 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101002

Abstract

Prestressed concrete members have gained popularity as an efficient and effective way of designing a structural member with the best engineering and material properties. The method of prestressing a structural concrete member has the capability of controlling increased service loads with less depth over longer spans. However, deflections from over-loading or loading over time give a disadvantage to the common steel reinforced concrete members by the effect of corrosion as the structural concrete develop cracks. To [...]

1651 11988

Open Access Editorial

Acknowlegement to Reviewers of Recent Progress in Materials in 2020

Recent Progress in Materials Editorial Office

Received: 07 January 2021; Published: 07 January 2021; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101001

Abstract

The editors of Recent Progress in Materials would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2020. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate o [...]

938 6288

Open Access Review

Clinical Significance of Internal Friction Connection and Micro-Threads in Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Literature Review

Ki-Won Jeong ,

Jeong Chan Kim and

In-Sung Luke Yeo

Received: 13 August 2020; Published: 17 December 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004024

Abstract

A connection structure using both a screw and friction is advantageous to secure an abutment to an implant. Understanding the biomechanics of the implant-abutment connection is necessary for the long-term clinical survival of a dental implant with decreased complications. The internal conical friction connection structure and micro-threads have shown favorable biological hard tissue response with exceptional structural features. The internal conical connection structure maintains the soft tissue seal and the margin [...]

2514 16114

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of Curing Temperature on the Morphology and Electro-Optical Properties of a Flexible UV-Cured Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC)

Hassan-Ali Hakemi

Received: 11 October 2020; Published: 08 December 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004023

Abstract

In this work, the experimental data on flexible PDLC films at the industrial scale and the effect of cure temperature (Tc) on the morphology and electro-optical properties of a UV-cured PDLC system via polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS) method were studied. Under constant UV radiation intebsity and thickness, the morphological parameters such as dimension, number density, and volume fraction of the phase-separated liquid crystal droplets as well as the optical transmissions and switching voltages as a function [...]

1698 10763

Open Access Research Article

Mechanical and Rheological Properties of 3D Printable Cement Composites

Maathar Al Qasimi ,

Dhafer Manna Al Zulayqa and

Mostafa Seifan

Received: 29 July 2020; Published: 23 October 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004022

Abstract

Additive manufacturing is a recent revolution in the construction field since cementitious materials became printable. This extrusion technique has enabled the construction of very complex geometry with a reduction in costs, time and labour interventions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of reinforcing 3D printable cementitious composites with the use of nano and micro materials, particularly nano silica, micro silica and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) which are known for their ability to enhance the f [...]

1960 10383

Open Access Review

Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of Bone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Babak Jahani ,

Xinnan Wang and

Amanda Brooks

Received: 26 June 2020; Published: 08 September 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003021

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a modern and more effective treatment for bone defects has recently received lots of attention. One of the pivotal parts of BTE is the “scaffold”, which functions as an indwelling carrier of cells and additives, as well as, providing a foundation for cell growth and eventually forming new, native-like bone. Up to now, many methods and materials have been employed to manufacture bone scaffolds. This review focuses on providing both basic knowledge of BTE as well as possible methods o [...]

3910 29489

Open Access Research Article

Wave Propagation and Scattering due to Debonding in CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

Evelyne El Masri and

Tat-Hean Gan

Received: 28 May 2020; Published: 27 August 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003020

Abstract

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) systems as sheets or plates are commonly used to strengthen and retrofit damaged reinforced concrete beams. In general, the bond between the FRP element and concrete defines the effectiveness of the externally bonded FRP materials. In most cases, the interface bonding behaviour is usually tested via static loading conditions. In this paper, the bonding is verified under dynamic conditions. Wave propagation is modelled in delaminated CFRP strengthened reinforced concrete beam. [...]

1769 10740

Open Access Research Article

Enhanced Long-term Antithrombogenicity Instigated by Covalently-Attached Surface Modifier on Biomedical Polymers

Kiril Fedorov ,

Sonia Sheikh ,

Alex Romaschin and

Michael Thompson

Received: 03 May 2020; Published: 18 August 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003019

Abstract

During a variety of medical procedures such as renal dialysis, bypass surgery, and lung transplantation patient blood is exposed to the surface of a number of polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polysulfone (PS) for a period up to several days. Such exposure may result in undesirable protein-material interactions that can potentially trigger deleterious biological processes including thrombosis, which may be responsible for other complications such as cognitive disability [...]

1972 9987

Open Access Review

Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications

Emma G. Norris ,

Diane Dalecki and

Denise C. Hocking

Received: 22 March 2020; Published: 21 July 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003018

Abstract

Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for both characterizing and fabricating engineered biomaterials. Ultrasound-based technologies offer a diverse toolbox with outstanding capacity for optimization and customization within a variety of therapeutic contexts, including improved extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine applications. Non-invasive ultrasound fabrication tools include the use of thermal and mechanical effects of acoustic waves to modify the structure and function of extracell [...]

2194 13817

Open Access Short Review

Bio-Based Substances from the Compost of Bio-Waste for Decontamination of Waste Water

Razieh Sadraei

Received: 25 April 2020; Published: 01 July 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003017

Abstract

A literature survey shows that the valorization of urban and/or agricultural biowastes into chemicals has caught the attention of experts and is gradually becoming quite an important issue. This review presents the application of the Bio-Based Substances (BBS) isolated from the compost of bio-wastes from urban gardening and park trimming residues. The non-cost BBS has been well studied in the literature. BBS are biological macromolecules with a complex lignin-derived structure containing several functional groups, [...]

1701 9593

Open Access Research Article

Dirac's Spectrum from Newton’s Laws in Graphene

Vardan Apinyan and

Mane Sahakyan

Received: 17 March 2020; Published: 01 July 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003016

Abstract

The present report provides a phenomenological theory for monolayer graphene, in which two worlds, the quantum and the classical, meet and complete each other in the most natural manner. In the present report, electron mass-vortex representation is introduced, and the surface tension excitation states in the monolayer graphene are defined. The band-mass of the electrons at the Dirac’s point was calculated through the mathematical introduction of a mass-dispersion relation. As a consequence, the Dirac’s [...]

1728 12103

Open Access Review

Effects of Quantum Confinement of Hydrogen in Nanocavities – Experimental INS Results and New Insights

C. Aris Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann

Received: 31 March 2020; Published: 23 June 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002015

Abstract

Current developments of non-relativistic quantum mechanics appear to predict, and reveal, counter-intuitive dynamical effects of hydrogen in nanostructured materials that are of considerable importance for basic research as well as for technological applications. In this review, the experimental focus is on H2O and H molecules in carbon nanotubes and other nanocavities that have been experimentally investigated using the well-established technique of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS). For instance, the [...]

2003 11378

Open Access Original Research

Enhancement of String Tension Using Thin-Film Metallic Glass Coatings

Yi-Chia Liao ,

Chun-Hway Hsueh and

Wen-Shin Lee

Received: 16 May 2020; Published: 15 June 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002014

Abstract

Inspired by the application of metallic glass sheet as face material for improving the performance of golf clubs, the present work was aimed to explore the application of thin-film metallic glass (TFMG) coatings for enhancing the performance of strings. In order to achieve this aim, badminton strings were coated with TFMG coatings of different thicknesses. The compositions of these TFMG coatings were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer. The amorphous structure of the film was verified using X-ray diffra [...]

1573 9111

Open Access Original Research

Polystyrene Topography Sticker Array for Cell-Based Assays

Heizel Rosado-Galindo and

Maribella Domenech

Received: 15 March 2020; Published: 14 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002013

Abstract

Cells can respond to different topographical cues in their natural microenvironment. Hence, scientists have employed microfabrication techniques and materials to generate culture substrates containing topographies for cell-based assays. However, one of the limitations of custom topographical platforms is the lack of adoption by the broad research community. These techniques and materials have high costs, require high technical expertise, and can leach components that may introduce artifacts. In this study, we devel [...]

1709 11200

Open Access Review

The Use of Biomaterials in Internal Radiation Therapy

Ben Milborne ,

Abul Arafat ,

Rob Layfield ,

Alexander Thompson and

Ifty Ahmed

Received: 18 March 2020; Published: 12 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002012

Abstract

Radiotherapy has become one of the most prominent and effective modalities for cancer treatment and care. Ionising radiation, delivered either from external or internal sources, can be targeted to cancerous cells causing damage to DNA that can induce apoptosis. External beam radiotherapy delivers either photon radiation (x-rays or gamma rays) or particle radiation (neutrons or protons) in a targeted manner to specific tumour locations. Internal radiotherapy involves placing radioactive sources within the body to de [...]

2238 18928

Open Access Technical Note

Innovation in Skin Regeneration: Novel Approaches with β-1,3/1,6-Glucan-Based Treatments

Francesco Calvani ,

Emanuele Bartoletti ,

Giancarlo Folchitto ,

Stefania Santini ,

Michele Fontevecchia and

Alessandra Alhadeff

Received: 06 April 2020; Published: 11 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002011

Abstract

Skin regeneration is a multidisciplinary topic that involves plastic surgery, aesthetics, and dermatology. In the last few years, several molecules have been used to prevent or delay the skin aging process. Recently, promising investigations on novel β-1,3/1,6-glucan-based treatments, associated with sodium hyaluronate, have demonstrated the induction of a naïve biological stimulus in soft tissues. Serum Revitalizing Face (Lot 00118a0051 of 11/19/2018 approved by the Italian Ministry of Health as a Medical Device-C [...]

1554 10063

Open Access Original Research

Mechano-Vibrational Spectroscopy of Tissues and Materials Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Technique

Frederick H. Silver ,

Nikita Kelkar ,

Tanmay Deshmukh ,

Istvan Horvath and

Ruchit G. Shah

Received: 04 February 2020; Published: 29 April 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002010

Abstract

Elastic moduli of tissues and synthetic polymeric materials are important design properties needed to develop new implants. In this paper we report the use of vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and calculate the modulus of tissues and synthetic polymers non-invasively and non-destructively in vitro and in vivo. Values of tissue and polymer moduli were obtained by applying an audible sinusoidal sound wave to the surface of each specimen. The sound wave travels to the in [...]

2780 21885

Open Access Original Research

Quantum Decoherence in Dense Media: A Few Examples

Erik B Karlsson

Received: 29 December 2019; Published: 13 April 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002009

Abstract

Decoherence is a relatively recent concept in the field of quantum mechanics. Although the pioneers of the field must have understood that loss of phase coherence in quantum superpositions is the reason underlying the appearance of definite outcomes in the quantum measurement problem, the latter was not treated in terms of decoherence until sixty years after the formulation of quantum mechanics as described in a report by Joos and Zeh in 1983 [1]. However, soon after, the theory was developed in further detail, and [...]

2216 20881

Open Access Original Research

Antibody-Based Capture and Behaviour of Endothelial Cell Lines on Pre-Surface Modified Medical Grade Steel

Rohan R. Ravindranath ,

Brian De La Franier ,

Issaka Yougbare ,

Jason E. Fish and

Michael Thompson

Received: 25 January 2020; Published: 27 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001008

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coronary stents, tube-shaped medical implants that are placed in narrowed coronary arteries, have been used successfully in the management of this condition. However, re-narrowing (i.e. restenosis) of the artery can occur which is instigated by an immune response towards the implanted ‘foreign’ material. A new approach to prevent restenosis and reduce the stent-induced immune response has been proposed previously, which involve [...]

1251 9520

Open Access Review

Self-Consistent Theory of Screening and Transport in Narrow, Translation-Invariant Hall Bars under the Conditions of the Integer Quantum-Hall-Effect

Rolf R. Gerhardts

Received: 11 November 2019; Published: 17 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001007

Abstract

We summarize and discuss a self-consistent screening and magneto-transport theory, developed to understand the results of scanning-force-microscope experiments on the current distribution in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES), located in a narrow Hall bar under the conditions of the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and its breakdown. The theory explains why, at low temperatures, at certain intervals of the applied perpendicular magnetic field, the current density is confined to “incompressible stripes” (ISs [...]

1527 12602

Open Access Case Report

Transient Phenomenon in Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals

H. Hakemi ,

M. Khenkin ,

R. Tamari and

D. Gal-Fuss

Received: 10 December 2019; Published: 05 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001006

Abstract

In the present study, we report the experimental results related to the transient phenomenon, i.e., the time-dependent changes in the electro-optical properties of as-made polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films prepared by the UV-curing phase-separation method. This phenomenon occurs explicitly via polymer-induced phase separation when the matrix curing is not complete, some liquid crystal plasticized in the matrix, and some uncured pre-polymer components remain in the liquid crystal droplets. The outcome is [...]

1692 10350

Open Access Review

Biomedical Applications of Wrinkling Polymers

Ryan L Dimmock ,

Xuyiling Wang ,

Yibin Fu ,

Alicia J El Haj and

Ying Yang

Received: 09 December 2019; Published: 28 February 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001005

Abstract

Advancements in surface engineering and material fabrication techniques have enabled the creation and replication of naturally occurring surface topographies or the extrapolation of natural patterns to become achievable targets. Polymers are used extensively in the field of biomedical sciences for containment, handling, and as cell culture substrates. It is well established that several polymers exhibit good biocompatibility for cell culture, with properties that include exhibiting minimal to no cytotoxicity and be [...]

2383 17254

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of the Processing Method for the Development of Hybrid Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds

Maria Alonso-González ,

José Fernando Rubio-Valle ,

Victor Perez-Puyana ,

Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado and

Alberto Romero

Received: 01 November 2019; Published: 26 February 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001004

Abstract

The present study deals with the development of scaffolds based on gelatin (G) and/or chitosan (CH) through modifications in the central processing method. This process consists of the fabrication of a hydrogel which is, then submitted to a freeze-drying stage. To compare the effects of the different modifications, the mechanical properties of the various systems were characterized, employing both dynamic compressive strain and frequency sweep tests. In addition, their porosity as well as the structure and fiber di [...]

1543 9677

Open Access Original Research

Initial Adhesion Behavior of Osteoblast on Titanium with Sub-Micron Scale Roughness

Satoshi Migita and

Tomoya Yamaguchi

Received: 18 September 2019; Published: 14 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001003

Abstract

The surface roughness of titanium could regulate various cellular functions such as survival and growth. In the context of cell adhesion to materials, cell spreading and cell shape are also closely linked to various cellular functions. Previously, we found that Ti substrate with a 100-nm scale surface roughness reduced cell survival. However, effects of surface roughness on cell shape were not investigated. Herein, we quantified the initial adhesion behavior of osteoblasts on a Ti substrate with ~100 nm scale surfa [...]

2126 13636

Open Access Original Research

Relativistic Wigner Function for Quantum Walks

Fabrice Debbasch

Received: 15 October 2019; Published: 06 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001002

Abstract

A relativistic Wigner function for free Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) on the square 2D space-time lattice is defined. The transport equation obeyed by the relativistic Wigner function is derived in terms of discrete derivatives and degenerates in the continuum limit into the transport equation obeyed by the Wigner function of 2D Dirac fermions. The first corrections to the continuous equation induced by the discreteness of the lattice are also determined and the similarities with non-quantum relativistic tran [...]

1601 10271

Open Access Original Research

Phase Equilibria of Flexible Polymer and Monomer Liquid Crystal Blends

Hassan-Ali Hakemi and

Ghazal Hakemi

Received: 05 December 2019; Published: 03 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001001

Abstract

In this study, we explored the phase equilibria in blends of a nematic liquid crystal monomer and a nematic liquid crystal flexible polymer within the whole composition of the phase diagram. The crystal-nematic and nematic-isotropic transition temperatures, as well as the transition enthalpies and entropies, indicated the total miscibility in this mesogenic blend system. We also extracted an empirical axial ratio of 4.52 for the polymer from the nematic-isotropic transitions of the blends. Further, from the biphasi [...]

1509 9770

Open Access Original Research

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tune Oxidative Degradation Rates in Composite Shape Memory Polymers

Andrew Weems ,

Wenyan Li ,

Duncan Maitland and

Luz Marina Calle

Received: 12 September 2019; Published: 31 December 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904008

Abstract

Biomedical applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs) are limited by their biostability, degradability, and possible toxicity risks after implantation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to increase the oxidative biostability (increase time until degradation occurs) using antioxidants and to induce oxidative degradation through incorporation of hydrogen peroxide-containing MSNs with modified surfaces. The presented results confirm increased oxidative stability using antioxidants, and alternatively, [...]

1602 10319

Open Access Research Article

Silk-CNT Mediated Fibroblast Stimulation toward Chronic Wound Repair

Naiwei Chi ,

Shuyao Zheng ,

Elwin Clutter and

Rong Wang

Received: 30 October 2019; Published: 18 December 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904007

Abstract

Background:Diabetic patients suffer from chronic wounds partly due to altered function of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of diabetic patients synthesize collagen I (COLI) at a much higher level than collagen III (COLIII), resulting in delayed tissue granulation and, consequently, a delay in the overall wound healing process. Methods:We aimed to revive the matrix protein productivity of diabetic fibroblasts by employing aligned, electrically conductive and biocompatible spider silk-CNT fibers as a cell culture matrix to m [...]

2125 12183

Open Access Review

Engineering Bacterial Cellulose for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Sana Sandhu ,

Anindita Arpa ,

Xi Chen ,

Rahul Kumar and

Justyn Jaworski

Received: 15 September 2019; Published: 25 November 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Abstract

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]

2468 18966

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Deposition of Ultrathin SnTe Films

Taise M. Manhabosco ,

Shaul Aloni ,

Tevye R. Kuykendall ,

Sara M. Manhabosco ,

Ana Bárbara Batista ,

Jaqueline S. Soares ,

Ana Paula M. Barboza ,

Alan. B. de Oliveira ,

Ronaldo J. C. Batista and

Jeffrey J. Urban

Received: 06 September 2019; Published: 29 October 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904005

Abstract

Tin telluride (SnTe) ultrathin films were deposited electrochemically on polycrystalline and monocrystalline gold substrates using the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn and Te were studied systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry curves for Sn displayed a broad peak in the region between -0.15 V and -0.35 V, which was related to the under-potential deposition (UPD), while the curves for Te displayed a peak at 0.3 V for Te UPD. X-ray pho [...]

1712 89290

Open Access Original Research

Formulation-Properties of Novel Ibuprofen-Loaded Soy Protein Wound Dressings

Lia Ofek ,

Daniella Goder and

Meital Zilberman

Received: 31 July 2019; Published: 11 October 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904004

Abstract

Background:Wound management is an important field in medical care, as annually, millions of wounds require treatment worldwide. Soy protein is highly biocompatible, easily processed, and a relatively cheap natural polymer, which can be used for wound dressing applications. Methods:In this study, solvent cast soy protein films, plasticized by glycerol and cross-linked by glyoxal, were thermally treated and their mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of various processing parameters. Samples were then lo [...]

1937 9272

Open Access Review

Super-Resolution of Nano-Materials and Quantum Effects Obtained by Microspheres

Y. Ben-Aryeh

Received: 29 July 2019; Published: 04 September 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903003

Abstract

In this article, microsphere super-resolution, which are beyond the Abbe classical limit, are described. The conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is analyzed by using the geometry of the microsphere. In microsphere experiments, a nanojet is produced near the focal plane, where its width is smaller than the Abbe limit and remains unchanged in the axial direction for certain wavelengths. The interference between the evanescent waves being converted into propagating waves and the nanojet leads to an i [...]

1683 9391

Open Access Project Report

Evaluation of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Passive Rear Projection Screen Application

H. Hakemi ,

O. Pinshow and

D. Gal-Fuss

Received: 24 June 2019; Published: 07 August 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903002

Abstract

In the past few years, there have been many attempts to commercialize Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Rear Projection Screen (RPS) in electrically switchable films and glass products. This application is based on the exceptional image quality of PDLC at a wide viewing angle. However, due to the high price of conventional switchable PDLC privacy glass, the integration of RPS in PDLC failed to attract large multimedia and entertainment markets. An obvious solution to this problem is the independent develo [...]

2872 21590

Open Access Opinion

Valued Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles

Alexander Henn and

Maija-Liisa Mattinen

Received: 08 March 2019; Published: 26 April 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1902001

Abstract

Technical lignins from the biorefinery, pulp, and paper industries are largely underutilized, even though this aromatic and randomly structured biopolymer could be an interesting raw material for advanced applications in addition to bulk daily goods. Recently, colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have gained much of the research interests due to the attractive multi-functional properties of the biopolymer. Utilization of lignin in nanoparticulate morphology resolves most of the drawbacks when using lignin (heterogenei [...]

2449 16159

Open Access Review

The Relationship between Hereditary Predisposition and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia Development

Rustam Nailevich Mustafin

Received: 17 August 2025; Published: 08 December 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504314

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with multiple SNPs in the human genome, located mainly outside the annotated protein-coding genes. These regions contain a large number of retroelements, which drive epigenetic regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that schizophrenia-associated SNPs exert their influence on the pathological functioning and activation of retroelements, which contribute to epigenetic imbalance in the brain with the development of pathological processes. A reflection of the [...]

29 207

Open Access Original Research

Technology to Help People with Blindness and Intellectual Disability Manage Indoor Travel: Anticipating and Bypassing Obstacles

Giulio E. Lancioni ,

Gloria Alberti ,

Chiara Filippini ,

Nirbhay N. Singh ,

Mark F. O’Reilly and

Jeff Sigafoos

Received: 18 August 2025; Published: 27 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504313

Abstract

Recent work with people with blindness and intellectual disability assessed a technology-aided program intended to help eight participants travel indoor routes to reach relevant destinations. The technology included a smartphone, two barcode readers worn by the participants at their ankles, barcodes displayed at specific points of the travel routes, and a mini speaker. The technology ensured that participants received verbal instructions on how to proceed (e.g., take a left turn, cross from one side to the other of [...]

123 674

Open Access Commentary

Loneliness, Love and Their Connection: A Commentary

Ami Rokach

Received: 24 August 2025; Published: 25 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504312

Abstract

A significant social stigma is associated with loneliness. The prevalence of social isolation, in the dawn of the 21st century points to the growing isolation in America. Lonely people who commonly display negative self-perceptions, show great difficulty to establish social ties, and that may be related to their personal inadequacies, or socially undesirable attributes. Lonely people suffer from a low social perception, painting them as less psychologically adjusted, and not very capable in relating to others. That [...]

120 600

Open Access Research Article

Investigating Mental Health Literacy and Its Relationship with Addiction to Social Networks among Allied Medical Sciences Students

Mohammad Azimi Tabas ,

Maryam Kazerani ,

Azam Shahbodaghi and

Reza Taherian

Received: 24 June 2025; Published: 19 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504311

Abstract

The widespread use of social media among college students has become a significant concern due to its potential impact on mental health and addictive behaviors. Social media platforms, while offering numerous benefits, can also foster environments that contribute to addiction, depression, and anxiety. College students, in particular, are vulnerable to these effects due to their high levels of social media engagement and the pressures of academic life. Mental health literacy, which involves understanding and managin [...]

158 1075

Open Access Review

Biochemical Foundations of Emotion Regulation: Implications for Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions-A Narrative Review

Marina M Gerges and

Vladimir Kosonogov

Received: 02 May 2025; Published: 19 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504310

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) involves processes by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of emotional responses, and its dysregulation is associated with a broad spectrum of psychological disorders. While traditionally conceptualized within psychological frameworks, ER is increasingly recognized as biologically grounded, involving intricate interactions between neurochemical, hormonal, and metabolic systems. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on biochemical substrates [...]

451 2254

Open Access Case Report

Nursing Care for a Patient with a Risk of Suicide Due to Depression Using the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Approach: Case Study

Icih Susanti ,

Noki Irawan Saputra ,

Lina Budiyanti ,

Aam Amalia ,

Rohman Hikmat and

Iyus Yosep

Received: 11 September 2025; Published: 17 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504309

Abstract

Adolescent depression is linked to suicidal ideation and attempts. Nurses are well-positioned to deliver brief, supportive interventions. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) emphasizes solutions and the activation of personal resources. To describe the feasibility and clinical utility of SFBT, delivered alongside pharmacotherapy, for reducing suicide risk in an adolescent with depression. Single-case report using a nursing process approach in a 17-year-old female inpatient with a major depressive episode and high [...]

170 1111

Open Access Research Article

Sleep and Mood as Mechanisms Linking Trauma Exposure to Alcohol Use in South African First Responders: A Serial Mediation Analysis

Tyrone Pretorius and

Anita Padmanabhanunni

Received: 15 June 2025; Published: 14 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504308

Abstract

First responders are routinely exposed to traumatic events in the line of duty, placing them at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes, including substance use. This study investigated the psychological mechanisms linking trauma exposure to alcohol use, specifically examining the serial mediating roles of insomnia and depression. A sample of 429 first responders (309 police officers and 120 paramedics) from the Western Cape, South Africa, completed an online survey comprising the Life Events Checklist-5 [...]

206 1102

Open Access Review

A Narrative Review on the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Anxiety

Buket Kılıç and

Dilek Ünal

Received: 31 May 2025; Published: 27 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504307

Abstract

Although anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are common co-morbidities, the relationship between autistic traits and anxiety disorders/symptoms has been increasingly researched in recent years. This review aims to compile the studies conducted on this topic and enhance our understanding of it. All publications up to September 1, 2024, on PubMed that contained the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘autistic traits’, ‘autism feature’, ‘autism-like symptoms’, and ‘ASD-like symptoms’, in their titles or abstracts were reviewed. [...]

329 1808

Open Access Original Research

Mechanisms of Self-Awareness, Influence, and Self-Identification

Liana Spytska

Received: 04 April 2025; Published: 27 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504306

Abstract

World socio-political growth is shaped by globalization, integration, and multiculturalism, which also impact individual self-perception. Understanding personal development requires studying self-awareness, self-identification, and influence to identify internal requirements and external influences. The study examined self-awareness, self-identification, influence, and their relationships, as well as psychological interventions for self-assessment and self-realization. To attain the research goal, analysis, synthes [...]

375 22381

Open Access Review

Mycotoxins Exposure: Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Behavioral Alteration

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami and

Joseph P Reiss

Received: 13 June 2025; Published: 21 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504305

Abstract

Evidence from recent studies has suggested a significant association between mycotoxin exposure and neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to the onset of neurocognitive disorders during key developmental stages of the brain. Various research highlights how exposure to these toxins is correlated with a decline in cognitive performance, reduced motor skills, and behavioral issues. Mycotoxins are also implicated in interfering with neuronal signaling pathways and the functioning of neurotransmitters, which may l [...]

509 3263

Open Access Original Research

The Influence of Gender and Academic Achievement on University Students' Perceptions of LMS-Based Self-Regulated Learning in Korea

Yongjeong Kim ,

Saera Kwak and

Taejin Koh

Received: 28 April 2025; Published: 09 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504304

Abstract

This study examines how university students perceive Learning Management System (LMS)-based instruction within the context of higher education, as they adapt to the rapid digital transformation. Specifically, it examines how students' perceptions differ based on gender and academic achievement, providing insights for more inclusive and adaptive instructional design. LMS platforms, when actively utilized, offer more than just content delivery—they can enhance classroom transparency, provide immediate feedback, promo [...]

310 1942

Open Access Research Article

Technology Support to Enable People with Severe Intellectual Disability and Blindness to Carry Out Occupational Activities and Transition Between Them Independently

Giulio E. Lancioni ,

Gloria Alberti ,

Chiara Filippini ,

Nirbhay N. Singh ,

Mark F. O’Reilly and

Jeff Sigafoos

Received: 14 July 2025; Published: 09 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504303

Abstract

People with severe intellectual disability and blindness tend to perform only simple occupational activities and are mostly unable to transition between those activities. This inability makes their level of occupation independent of staff support fairly limited. Technology-aided programs may be one of the few opportunities available to increase their independent occupation. This study assessed one such program designed to (a) monitor the participants’ responses and guide them to transition to a new activity once th [...]

311 1658

Open Access Original Research

Interactive and Deep Learning-Powered EEG-BCI for Wrist Rehabilitation: A Game-based Prototype Study

Ebru Sayilgan

Received: 14 August 2025; Published: 24 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503302

Abstract

Motor deficits induced by neurological disorders impose a severe impact on activities of daily life. Conventional rehabilitation practices necessitate ongoing clinical supervision, which is costly and inaccessible. EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a viable solution by facilitating neurorehabilitation through the direct interpretation of brain signals. Nonetheless, current systems are confronted with issues of real-time control, portability, and classification precision. The paper describes a n [...]

649 4314

Open Access Case Report

Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in Socially Isolated Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Hardiyati Hardiyati ,

Iyus Yosep ,

Meita Dhamayanti ,

Veranita Pandia and

Rohman Hikmat

Received: 17 May 2025; Published: 15 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503301

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the impact of mindfulness training on Mr. A, a 17-year-old adolescent with schizophrenia experiencing social isolation and severe anxiety. The subject, Mr. A, is a 17-year-old male who presented with significant anxiety symptoms, including excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, heart palpitations, rapid breathing, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms were accompanied by behaviors of social withdrawal, emotional detachment, and reluctance to communicate [...]

428 2557

Open Access Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS) among Iranian Adolescents

Nahid Hoseininezhad ,

Roghieh Nooripour ,

Davod Fathi ,

Parviz Fadakar Gabalou and

Seyedeh Monavar Yazdi

Received: 11 February 2025; Published: 01 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503300

Abstract

Interpersonal mindfulness, involving present-moment awareness and acceptance during social interactions, is crucial for emotional regulation and adaptive interpersonal functioning. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), a 27-item instrument with four subscales: presence, awareness of self and others, nonjudgmental acceptance, and nonreactivity. The cross-sectional sample included 15- to 17-year-old Iranian adolescents (2023–2024), r [...]

577 4228

Open Access Original Research

Neural Network of Alpha Rhythm rs-EEG Activity for the Assessment of Consciousness in Psychopathology

Sergey Lytaev and

Ksenia Belskaya

Received: 18 December 2024; Published: 29 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503299

Abstract

Consciousness is an integrative process that combines several executive functions, as well as the analytical and synthetic activity of the brain. In some psychopathological conditions, in particular, in schizophrenia, low-information "borderline" disorders of the executive functions and consciousness are often formed at the onset. The present study was aimed at assessing the integration of the bran alpha regulatory system and the modulation of consciousness based on the data of recording the alpha rhythm of resting [...]

410 2934

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Explainable AI Approaches in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abdulmalik Ahmad Lawan ,

Hauwa Zakariyya Abdullahi ,

Abdullahi Yunusa Abdullahi and

Sadiya Tahir

Received: 16 January 2025; Published: 15 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503298

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant heterogeneity in symptoms and comorbid conditions. Studies have shown the value of early and accurate diagnosis in mitigating the associated social and behavioral challenges. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential of machine learning (ML) models in identifying ASD patterns from neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral data. However, the limited interpretability of these models poses a barrier to their clinical adopti [...]

513 5326

Open Access Short Review

Loneliness or Solitude: How Are They Different?

Ami Rokach

Received: 08 May 2025; Published: 14 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503297

Abstract

Loneliness, social isolation, aloneness, and solitude may be used interchangeably by some who may miss the difference between them. Loneliness is the experience of being alone, or perceiving that one is alone and unimportant to others. Solitude is being geographically isolated out of one’s choice. Loneliness is not a feeling, but a multidimensional construct which is expressed cognitively, behaviorally and affectively. solitude is also reviewed and a clear distinction between loneliness and solitude is established. [...]

848 5752

Open Access Review

Advancing Objective Pain Measurement: Exploring the Potential of Electroencephalography Biomarkers

Samhani Ismail ,

Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Nashron ,

Mohd Hanifah Jusoh and

Abdul Nawfar Sadagatullah

Received: 26 February 2025; Published: 05 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503296

Abstract

Chronic pain involves complex cortical and subcortical changes, suggesting that brain electrical activity may be a potential biomarker for nociceptive processing. Pain leaves its signature in the brain's oscillatory patterns, yet limited studies have explored the neurophysiological alterations associated with chronic pain. This review examines the pain detection method currently used in clinical settings, the potential of neurophysiological features to become brain oscillatory brain biomarkers, and their use in fut [...]

662 5164

Open Access Review

Maladjustment in Minority Youth from Community Network Disparities in the COVID-19 Lockdown Environment

Michael Okoronkwo ,

Aaron Mack ,

Keyana Varnado ,

Michael Alfred ,

Kevin Hardy ,

Amarachi Osuji ,

Percy Takyi ,

Gabriel Onor ,

Oluwatomi Akingbola and

Rahn Bailey

Received: 17 April 2024; Published: 04 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503295

Abstract

Pandemic lockdown orders resulted in closures to critical community networks. One such infrastructure was community recreation centers/parks. This infrastructure serves a critical role in building psychosocial wellness for youth. Socioeconomic minority youth face baseline disparity in center/park distribution and services. Youth recreation activity declined 50% as result of lockdown orders with corresponding decline in youth mental health status. Despite overall youth activity decline, White and high socioeconomic [...]

341 2385

Open Access Original Research

How Can Architectural Acoustics Reflect Levels of Stress and Relaxation in Indoor Environments? An EEG-Based Experimental Study

Navid Khaleghimoghaddam and

Sara Arzhangi

Received: 11 April 2025; Published: 31 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503294

Abstract

The acoustic design of indoor environments encompassing spatial configuration, material properties, and sound absorption significantly influences auditory perception and psychological well-being. This study examines the interaction between architectural acoustics, musical stimuli, and neural responses within a controlled therapeutic context, focusing on their effects on stress reduction and relaxation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was utilized to measure brain activity in 24 participants exposed to six musical inst [...]

555 5245

Open Access Original Research

Protective Effects of Teucrium polium Extract Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia: Insights from Wild-Type and Acox1^⁻/⁻ Models

Alvard Minasyan and

Naira Sahakyan

Received: 20 May 2025; Published: 30 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503293

Abstract

Microglial activation and the associated oxidative or inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Teucrium polium (TP) ethanolic extract in murine BV-2 microglial cells, including wild-type (Wt) and peroxisomal β-oxidation-deficient Acox1-/- cell lines. The TP extract exhibited high antioxidant activity as assessed via the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 73.89 μ [...]

406 2714

Open Access Review

Integrating Neuroimaging, Biomarkers, and Rehabilitation Strategies for Optimized Diagnosis and Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

Robert Medina ,

Akanksha Dave ,

Candice Keogh ,

Jordan Bartfield ,

Franco Estenssoro ,

Melissa Fraga and

Brandon Lucke-Wold

Received: 28 February 2025; Published: 21 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503292

Abstract

This review examines a multimodal approach that integrates advanced neuroimaging, biofluid biomarkers, and innovative rehabilitation strategies for the optimized diagnosis and recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI remains a critical public health challenge due to its high incidence and diverse, long-lasting morbidities. Conventional diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect subtle injuries, and current prognostic models are limited by the heterogeneity of TBI. Emerging neuroimaging techniques, [...]

1138 6695

Open Access Review

Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in the Neuroinflammatory Cascade of Traumatic Brain Injury

Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi ,

Victor Oghenekparobo Emojevwe ,

Benneth Ben-Azu and

Ejayeta Jeroh

Received: 31 March 2025; Published: 09 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503291

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury is mechanical, the subsequent neuroinflammatory cascade plays a critical role in secondary injury and long-term neurological deficits. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play a key role in this cascade, interacting with neurons in a complex interplay that can both protect and exacerbate neuronal damage. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview [...]

729 4367

Open Access Original Research

Natural Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain Management: A Case Series of 3 Patients with Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Migraine

Igor Val Danilov ,

Dace Medne and

Sandra Mihailova

Received: 09 February 2025; Published: 03 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503290

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic pain occurs in various disorders due to correlated processes of spontaneous cortical reorganization and dysregulation of cortical excitability in consciousness-related networks. This case series tracks three patients with chronic pain associated with the menstrual cycle treated by a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique that applies qualities of the mother-fetus neurocognitive model. Previous research has shown that a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field an [...]

568 4401

Open Access Review

Chemical Neuroscience of Heterocyclic N-Amines: Implications for Pain Management, Mental Health, and Opioid Withdrawal

Ferydoon Khamooshi ,

Samaneh Doraji-Bonjar ,

Habib Ghaznavi ,

Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi ,

Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam ,

Ali Navidian ,

Ali Khajeh and

Mohammad Kazem Momeni

Received: 05 December 2024; Published: 10 June 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502289

Abstract

This study reviews the biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications of N-heterocyclic amine drugs, particularly in the context of pain management, mental health, and opioid withdrawal. It highlights the structural diversity and receptor binding capabilities of these compounds, which enable them to target the nervous system and cross the blood-brain barrier effectively. The article discusses the role of opioids in pain relief, detailing their agonistic effects on opioid receptors and the subsequent risk of addic [...]

761 5261

Open Access Original Research

The Relationship between Anger, Stress, Psychological Distress and Mood Disorders among Entrepreneurs

Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed and

Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 18 December 2024; Published: 26 May 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502288

Abstract

The present study investigates the association between anger, stress, psychological distress and mood disorders among Egyptian entrepreneurs. Approach-wise, the study is quantitative, and its cross-sectional data were collected using a questionnaire. The study’s respondents are Egyptian entrepreneurs involved in several business activities. Hence, the study concluded based on 286 valid responses. We used analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, where we conducted path analysis to conclude the results. C [...]

692 5858

Open Access Review

Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

Adonis Sfera ,

Sabine Hazan ,

Jacob Anton ,

Ioana Ciuperca ,

Carolina Klein and

Karina G. Thomas

Received: 09 February 2025; Published: 09 May 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502287

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for many medical disciplines. It highlighted viral exploitation of physiological cellular processes, including endocytosis and cellular senescence. These pathways play an essential role in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” is produced in the posterior hypothalamus and is crucial for various physiological processes, including social intelligence, sexual activity, and metabolism. Many viruses, [...]

603 3850

Open Access Original Research

Unraveling Bioactive Constituents Isolated from Knema hookeriana Warb. as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Abubakar Siddiq Salihu ,

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ,

Nurunajah Ab Ghani ,

Mohd Hafiz Arzmi ,

Bunleu Sungthong and

Ravikumar Kapavarapu

Received: 05 March 2025; Published: 27 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502286

Abstract

The Myristicaceae family, particularly the Knema genus, is renowned for its diverse bioactive compounds, including lignans, flavonoids, and phenolics. This study explores the phytochemical profile of Knema hookeriana Warb. leaves and evaluates their potential as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Phytochemical extraction was performed using a cold maceration method with a polarity-gradient solvent system (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). The isolated compounds were purified through chromatographic techniq [...]

710 4882

Open Access Review

Mental Health Disorders Following Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami and

Alireza Esmaeili

Received: 27 October 2024; Published: 18 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502285

Abstract

There is growing scientific concern regarding how endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impact central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Both anecdotal and preclinical studies suggest a link between EDC exposure and major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially leading to neurodegenerative outcomes. EDCs primarily exhibit their biological effects by interacting with hormone receptors. Nonetheless, there is scientific evidence pointing to dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-adrenal axis, which is linked t [...]

766 5899

Open Access Review

Neurotoxicity Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos

Mojtaba Ehsanifar and

Alireza Esmaeili

Received: 14 January 2025; Published: 15 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502284

Abstract

Neurotoxicity occurs when exposure to a biological, chemical, or physical agent, especially a neurotoxin, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in a way that results in permanent or reversible damage to neurons and nerve tissue and disrupts the functioning of the brain and nervous system. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide that has been used worldwide for more than 50 years and can damage the nervous system of insects by creating neurotoxicity. Epidemiological studies show that [...]

1224 9250

Open Access Review

Unraveling the Involvement of Serotonergic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor-6 Activation in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review

Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail ,

Nazlahshaniza Shafin ,

Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman ,

Idris Long and

Nor Syafinaz Yaakob

Received: 28 September 2024; Published: 09 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502283

Abstract

Chronic pain is a significant and global healthcare issue that hugely implies the quality of life and productivity of the affected individuals. It is challenging to treat and thus necessitates a deeper understanding of its underlying pathomechanisms to develop targeted interventions. Serotonin is one of the essential neurotransmitters involved in the propagation of pain signals through both ascending and descending pathways, acting via various receptor subtypes, including the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-6 (5-HT6R) [...]

704 4485

Open Access Review

Pregnancy Risk Factors in Cerebrovascular Disease

Mina Zeinalzadeh ,

Alireza Ala ,

Samad Shams Vahdati and

Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi

Received: 16 May 2024; Published: 01 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502282

Abstract

Cerebrovascular diseases such as strokes and cerebral hemorrhages are important causes of death in the world, which increase during pregnancy due to physiological conditions. This study investigated risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other factors by searching in databases. After searching, 35 articles were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included articles from 2014-2024 related to the words "pregnancy" AND "cerebrovascular disease." The obtained results were e [...]

459 3433

Open Access Case Report

Forgiveness Therapy to Reduce Violent Behavior in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Rohman Hikmat ,

Iyus Yosep ,

Popy Siti Aisyah and

Shella Febrita Puteri Utomo

Received: 03 December 2024; Published: 26 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501281

Abstract

This study aims to describe the application of forgiveness therapy as a psychosocial intervention for a schizophrenia patient with violent behavior. Mr. M, a 19-year-old male diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibited psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, agitation, and aggression. He had a history of trauma due to physical violence from his brother. The patient was diagnosed with a risk for violence toward others. Forgiveness therapy was implemented over six sessions, each last [...]

903 5394

Open Access Research Article

Do We Care about Preschool Children's Leisure Time? Correlations between Anxiety Symptoms and Leisure Time Allocation. Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Matina Lazaraki ,

Niki Skopeliti and

Ioannis Syros

Received: 06 January 2025; Published: 24 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501280

Abstract

Children's leisure time in the Western world is changing compared to what it used to be in the previous decades. Children's involvement in organized activities and screen time use is increasing, while outdoor play, despite once being the main leisure time activity for children, is declining. Gray, Oliver and other contemporary theorists link this shift in children's lifestyles to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to determine whether allocating preschool children's [...]

864 6361

Open Access Review

Functional Prognosis of Spinal Cord Injury Due to Spinal Tuberculosis

Farida Arisanti ,

Tertianto Prabowo ,

Putri Endyana and

Apichana Kovindha

Received: 03 October 2024; Published: 18 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501279

Abstract

Spinal tuberculosis (TB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, primarily involves one or multiple vertebrae, with a high prevalence at the thoracolumbar region, which can compromise spinal cord integrity and result in severe sequelae such as paraplegia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and mobility limitation. This study aimed to review medical, surgical, and rehabilitation management, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of spinal TB with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research was conducted utilizing databases su [...]

881 7089

Open Access Review

The Independence Principle - A Neglected Feature of the Hodgkin Huxley Legacy

Amy J Hopper and

Angus M Brown

Received: 19 May 2024; Published: 17 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501278

Abstract

The legacy of Hodgkin and Huxley rests on their squid giant axon studies, which were summarised in an empirical model of impressive predictive power that successfully quantified the permeability changes of excitable membranes and accurately reconstructed the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley applied the independence principle to their experimental data in order to reveal potential mechanism(s) of trans-membrane ion movements. This was motivated by their lack of information on the manner in which ions crossed the [...]

550 3642

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