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Open Access Original Research

Hydration and Microwave Curing Temperature Interactions of Repair Mortars

Received: 24 June 2021;  Published: 09 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2104040

Abstract

Microwave curing of repair patches provides an energy efficient technique for rapid concrete repair. It has serious economic potential due to time and energy saving especially for repairs in cold weather which can cause work stoppages. However, the high temperatures resulting from the combination of microwave exposure and accelerated hydration of cementitious repair materials need to be investigated to prevent potential durability problems in concrete patch repairs. This paper investigates the time and magnitude of [...]

1246 11825

Open Access Review

Advances in Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Dental Therapies

Received: 19 August 2021;  Published: 28 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103039

Abstract

Dental caries are one of the major causes of oral degeneration diseases. In order to treat dental-related diseases, it is often challenging and expensive. Recent literature has reported many advances in designing delivery systems utilizing polymers and novel biomaterials. Polymers play an important role in designing many nanoformulations like liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, nano-hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, zirconia, silica, and silver nanoparticles were used to tr [...]

1516 11598

Open Access Research Article

Assessment of AAR and Sulfate Attack on Wadi Gravel Concrete after 4 Years in Service

Received: 18 April 2021;  Published: 26 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103038

Abstract

Wadi gravel is a local aggregate in Qatar that could contribute to enhanced sustainability by replacing expensive imported gabbro. The material needs to be processed before use to reduce sulfate content to acceptable levels. The paper presents the performance assessment of three full-scale buildings, variously made with 50% and 100% Wadi gravel and conventional gabbro concretes. Site monitoring up to four years in service demonstrated the strength development with age and resistance to the aggressive exposure condi [...]

1484 15046

Open Access Original Research

Production of Fermentable Sugars from Cassava Stem using Hybrid Pretreatment Technology

Received: 29 April 2021;  Published: 14 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103037

Abstract

One of the crucial steps in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass is pretreatment. We investigated the applicability of a hybrid pretreatment method, This involved acid treatment followed by alkali before the production of fermentable sugars from cassava stem. The substrate was initially treated with acid (1% oxalic acid at 100 °C for 2 h), followed by treatment with a 10% NaOH–urea mixture (by mixing 5 g each of NaOH and urea in 100 mL of water) at 100 °C for 1 h. A cellulose recovery of 98.55% was obtained with the [...]

1282 10368

Open Access Research Article

Phase Equilibrium in ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 System at a Temperature of 1500 °C

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 02 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103036

Abstract

The phase equilibria and structural transformations in the ternary ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 system at 1500 °C were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in the overall concentration range. The system was found to constitute fields of solid solutions based on the tetragonal (T) modification of ZrO2, cubic (C) and monoclinic (B) modifications of Eu2O3, cubic with a fluorite-type structure (F) modifications of CeO2 (ZrO2), and ordered intermediate phase with a pyrochlore-type structure of Eu2Zr2O [...]

1767 10181

Open Access Research Article

Utilization of Upgraded Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Recycled Concrete Fines in Cement Mortars

Received: 11 February 2021;  Published: 17 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103035

Abstract

Waste concrete is the most predominant constituent material among construction and demolition waste. Current waste concrete recycling is limited to the use of recycled concrete aggregates as a road-base material and less as aggregates in new concrete mixes. Further, the production of recycled concrete aggregates results in the generation of a high amount of fines, consisting mainly of cement paste particles. Hence, this study aims to produce the cement mortars using the upgraded recycled concrete aggregates (sand g [...]

1849 14900

Open Access Original Research

Bisphenol A Release from Orthodontic Clear Aligners: An In-Vitro Study

Received: 31 March 2021;  Published: 12 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103034

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used synthetic compound that has been identified as an endocrine disruptor. It has been linked to adverse health effects such as developmental defects, infertility in both men and women, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. There has been increased interest in BPA’s effects on the developing fetus and data has revealed that doses below the presumed safe dose can produce harmful effects. Orthodontic clear aligner therapy is a popular treatment modality that involves the patient we [...]

2516 38152

Open Access Original Research

Effect of Recycled Rubber Particles on the Deicing Salt-Scaling Durability of Concrete

Received: 27 March 2021;  Published: 09 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103033

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of reused rubber particles (RRP) on the deicer salt durability of ordinary concrete. Four mixtures were designed, a control concrete (CC) and three other rubber concretes obtained by partial substitution of natural dune sand aggregate with reused rubber particles with 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% w/w. All studied concretes were subjected to the combined effect of freeze/thaw (56 and 120) cycles with the deicer salt solution of 3% NaCl. The results indicated that RRP improved the deic [...]

1377 8540

Open Access Original Research

Experimental and Statistical Evaluation of the Interaction Effect of Recycled Aggregate and Water/Cement Ratio on Concrete Compressive Strength

Received: 07 March 2021;  Published: 28 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103032

Abstract

The production of concrete using recycled aggregates, obtained from the processing of construction and demolition waste, is extensively practiced worldwide. However, the effect of simultaneous adding fine recycled aggregate and the recycled coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete is still unfamiliar. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the water/cement ratio (WC Ratio), the fine recycled aggregate content (%FRA), the coarse recycled aggregate content (%CRA), as well as the interaction betw [...]

1596 10333

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials

Received: 09 March 2021;  Published: 26 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103031

Abstract

Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ dep [...]

2243 13072

Open Access Original Research

Assisted Phytostabilization of Acidic Polymetallic Mine Tailings Using Marble Waste and Native Plant Citrullus colocynthis: Effect on Soil, Plant, and Metal Uptake

Received: 29 December 2020;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103030

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the phytostabilization ability of the native Moroccan plant Citrullus colocynthis on the neutralization of soil acidity and stabilization of metallic trace elements (MTEs) assisted by marble waste. Mine tailings (MT) collected from an abandoned polymetallic site were mixed with powdered marble (PM) using different mixing ratios (%): (MTPM25), (MTPM50), (MTPM75), and agricultural soil (AS) acting as the control. Seeds of C. colocynthis were selected and planted under g [...]

1654 8385

Open Access Research Article

Drainage in a Screw Press and Utilization of the Recovered Fibres after Thermo-Hydrolytic Disintegration of Waste Fibreboards

Received: 15 March 2021;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103029

Abstract

A thermo-hydrolytic disintegration process qualifies as a promising option for recycling the waste MDF and preserving the fibrous morphology of the recovered lignocellulosic fibre material. This study aims to include a drainage process between the thermo-hydrolytic disintegration and the further utilization of the recovered fibres (RF) obtained using a screw press for removing the disintegration water (DW). In this context, the chemical properties of the RF (pH, nitrogen content, formaldehyde emissions) and the DW [...]

1817 9086

Open Access Original Research

Suitability of Steel Making Slag as a Construction Material Resource

Received: 24 February 2021;  Published: 16 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103028

Abstract

One of the largest problems facing the steelmaking industry is the high amount of waste currently produced and the low amount of waste that is currently recycled. This study aims to look at the suitability of 3 different samples of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO2 adsorption analysis [...]

2389 17804

Open Access Review

Use of α-Lactalbumin [α-La] from Whey as a Vehicle for Bioactive Compounds in Food Technology and Pharmaceutics: A Review

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 22 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102027

Abstract

Whey protein is a byproduct of cheese, casein, and Greek yogurt produced in Europe, North America, and Australasia. It is a substantial source of functional proteins and peptides for the worldwide food industry. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) is a globular protein that can be isolated from WPI (whey protein isolates) using techniques such as chromatography/gel filtration, membrane separation, etc. α-La is used in the elaboration of functional foods and is a very good source of peptides with anticancer, antimicrobial, antivir [...]

1872 12913

Open Access Review

A Review of the Multi-Physical Characteristics of Plant Aggregates and Their Effects on the Properties of Plant-Based Concrete

Received: 26 March 2021;  Published: 20 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102026

Abstract

The use of plant aggregates obtained from agricultural co-products mixed with mineral binders to form eco-friendly insulating building materials has been initiated for a few years to bring environmentally friendly solutions to the construction sector. Several studies on different agro-resources have already been carried out, providing various information about the properties of plant aggregates and plant-based concrete. However, the characteristics of the agricultural co-product, which allow it to qualify as a plan [...]

2363 19472

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Aging, Sterilization, and Composition on the Degradation of Polyurethane Foams

Received: 05 April 2021;  Published: 25 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102025

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are highly attractive materials for medical devices. Specifically, SMP foams are currently being used as embolic devices in peripheral and cerebral vascular applications. To ensure the proper function and safety of these materials in their intended applications, it is important to understand how processing treatments, such as aging, sterilization, and foam composition can influence their degradation. Here, SMP foams were treated with industry relevant processing parameters, and the infl [...]

2020 12432

Open Access Original Research

The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants

Received: 24 March 2021;  Published: 15 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102024

Abstract

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it [...]

1697 8612

Open Access Research Article

A New Progress in Random Hydrodynamic Lubrication for Movable Non-Rotational Curvilinear Biosurfaces with Phospholipid Bilayers

Received: 08 October 2020;  Published: 02 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102023

Abstract

This paper aims to highlight the result of a new progression of mathematical estimation methods of stochastic bio-hydrodynamic lubrication parameters for arbitrary, curvilinear, non-rotational, co-operating, living biological surfaces coated with phospholipid bi-layers. Movable, non-rotational, co-operating surfaces occur in various biological friction nods like the collar bone, the blade bone, the jump joint, and the wrist joint. Specifically, the author presents a synthetic and comprehensive estimation of stochas [...]

1732 8599

Open Access Original Research

Feasibility Study on the Use of Modified Copper Slag as a Sustainable Fine Aggregate in Mortar

Received: 09 March 2021;  Published: 02 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102022

Abstract

Depending on the availability of aggregate sources pertaining to their geographic locations, the concrete industry utilizes conventional aggregates such as marine sand, dredged gravel, or crushed rocks. This method requires high energy and high processing costs for washing and grinding. The objective of this work is to use Modified Ferro silicate slag (MFS), a by-product obtained from the copper industry, as an alternative to the conventional fine aggregates found in mortar. No additional processing such as washing [...]

1738 10317

Open Access Research Article

Plane Waves Scattered by a Spherical Inclusion in a Half Space of Poroelastic Material

Received: 09 December 2020;  Published: 02 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102021

Abstract

This paper concerns a poroelastic half-space in which plane compressional waves are scattered by a spherical inclusion. Addition theorems for the spherical wave functions are utilized to meet the boundary conditions on the plane, and the satisfaction of the given conditions on the boundary of the sphere leads to three infinite series equations, whose solution can be acquired by successive approximations. Further, its existence and uniqueness are discussed.

1595 7321

Open Access Original Research

Pilot Study of Tooth Structure Removed in Primary Molar Zirconia Crown Preparations of Typodont Teeth

Received: 10 February 2021;  Published: 28 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102020

Abstract

Prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZRCs) require a passive fit and more reduction than stainless steel crowns (SSC). To determine the mean and maximum reduction depths in the mesial-buccal and occlusal areas for three ZRC brands and one SSC in posterior primary typodont molars and to compare reduction depths to existing literature to determine the preparation’s proximity to pulpal tissue. Four primary maxillary and mandibular typodont teeth (J and S) were prepared according to the manufacturers’ guidelines for three ZR [...]

1676 9052

Open Access Original Research

Theoretical Modelling of Liquid Crystal Electro-Optical Material Display Elements to Achieve Optimal Low Power Consumption Ship Stealth

Received: 29 December 2020;  Published: 14 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102019

Abstract

Advanced optical stealth techniques are of growing importance in the role of manned and unmanned aircraft or ship platforms. We consider here the concept of using passive reflective display elements rather than high power active light projection to achieve a low observable camouflaged ship platform. This paper presents practical consideration towards minimal radiated power user-driven requirements using adaptive liquid crystal electro-optical methods. Optical reflectivity for a multi-layer liquid crystal cell struc [...]

1745 10953

Open Access Original Research

The Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Potential of Carbon-Dioxide-Cured Alternative Binder Concrete

Received: 12 January 2021;  Published: 13 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102018

Abstract

Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest issues plaguing human life at present. Hence, immense attention is being paid to developing methods that can potentially reduce carbon dioxide emission. With the help of carbon-negative concrete, manufactured from alternative binders and cured with waste carbon dioxide, a major part of the manufacturing industries that emit carbon dioxide can be potentially turned into a carbon sink. In this study, the waste material streams in Finland, suitable for disposing [...]

2966 25058

Open Access Review

Machine Learning in Hazardous Building Material Management: Research Status and Applications

Received: 22 January 2021;  Published: 11 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102017

Abstract

Assessment of the presence of hazardous materials in buildings is essential for improving material recyclability, increasing working safety, and lowering the risk of unforeseen cost and delay in demolition. In light of these aspects, machine learning has been viewed as a promising approach to complement environmental investigations and quantify the risk of finding hazardous materials in buildings. In view of the increasing number of related studies, this article aims to review the research status of hazardous mater [...]

1903 11371

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of Durability of Bio-based Earth Composites

Received: 12 March 2021;  Published: 07 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102016

Abstract

Bio-based earth composites present various environmental benefits, such as usable wastes, coproducts, abundant or renewable materials, etc. Moreover, the incorporation of bioaggregates in the earth matrix allows the buildings to act as an effective carbon sink. A growing number of studies are now focusing on the mechanical and hygrothermal properties of bio-based earth building materials. However, the durability of these types of material is a major concern, and knowledge of their various aspects is essential to an [...]

1771 17378

Open Access Short Review

Carbon Dots: An Insight into Their Application in Heavy Metal Sensing

Received: 01 December 2020;  Published: 28 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102015

Abstract

The design of nanomaterials for application in diverse fields ranging from photovoltaic to fluorescence sensing is a research area of increasing interest. Recently, Quantum Dots (QDs), which are classified as semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) and Carbon dots (CDs), have become a hot topic of investigation, owing to their extraordinary tunable fluorescence emission properties that render them excellent candidates for sensing metal ions. The detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions with high sensitivity is very i [...]

2455 17589

Open Access Case Report

Non-surgical Furcal Perforation Management with Biodentine in Retreatment: A 1-Year Recall Review

Received: 28 December 2020;  Published: 27 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102014

Abstract

Furcal perforation management in root canal retreatment is often challenging as the outcome of the perforation sealing depends on several parameters. The recent introduction of several bioactive cements and magnification systems has made the sealing of perforations easier and the outcome more predictable. This study highlights the clinical outcomes of furcal perforation management in root canal retreatment using biodentine.

1687 14604

Open Access Original Research

Potential of Wastewater Valorization after Wet Extraction of Proteins from Faba Bean and Pea Flours

Received: 02 December 2020;  Published: 21 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102013

Abstract

The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The dif [...]

2095 15612

Open Access Perspective

Lithium-ion Battery and the Future

Received: 26 December 2020;  Published: 13 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102012

3011 16766

Open Access Research Article

Classical and Quantum Models of Diffusion

Received: 19 February 2021;  Published: 13 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102011

Abstract

The objective of the paper is twofold: first, to review the classical diffusion models and show the approximations at the origin of the parabolic character of the classical equations; second, to demonstrate a connection between the quantum and classical models of diffusion. As diffusion is inherently related to the motion of constituents, the consistent models are framed within the dynamics of mixtures. The derivation of diffusion equations is then determined based on the related, pertinent approximations.

1877 11287

Open Access Original Research

Contactless Detection of Natural Bending Frequencies using Embedded Metallic-Glass Ribbons inside Plastic Beams made of 3-D Printing

Received: 12 December 2020;  Published: 06 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102010

Abstract

In the current work, to identify the bending mode harmonics, 30 microns thin magnetoelastic ribbons made of metallic glass are embedded inside 6 mm thick PLA plastic cantilever beams made by 3-D printing. This is possible because the ribbons are of magnetoelastic nature and thus change their mechanical state inducing a corresponding change in their magnetic state. The ribbons are placed at four different depths, starting with zero depth at the beam’s external surface all the way inside to the beam’s mid-plane. This [...]

1670 8668

Open Access Original Research

The behaviour of Nitinol Wire Bundles for Structural Applications

Received: 19 August 2019;  Published: 30 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101009

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMA) belong to a family of smart materials, which undergo diffusionless phase transformations when subjected to thermo-mechanical changes making them ideally suitable for utilization in several structural engineering applications. Within this class of materials, Ni-Ti (Nickel-Titanium) alloys are predominantly used due to their non-linear behaviour. Nitinol, one of the Ni-Ti alloys, possesses unique properties such as super-elasticity and shape- memory effect, which makes it suitable for dampin [...]

3611 22787

Open Access Original Research

Effect of Fiber/Matrix Interface Modification on Basalt Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

Received: 22 December 2020;  Published: 29 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101008

Abstract

Continuous fiber reinforced geopolymer matrix composites offer the potential for use in structural applications at temperatures up to 700°C, while enabling the manufacture at temperatures below 100°C. Studies have investigated a variety of high temperature structural fiber reinforcements, including carbon, SiC and Al2O3. While there has been active research into various grades of Al2O3 fibers, SiC is most commonly used for high temperature reinforcement of geopolymers in oxidizing environments. Both familie [...]

1910 11000

Open Access Review

Progress of Nanomaterials in Preventative and Restorative Dentistry

Received: 02 November 2020;  Published: 05 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101007

Abstract

To date, many studies have examined the development and use of novel materials, enhancing the performance of existing dental composites and improving methods for restoring tooth structure. In recent years, nanotechnology-based techniques have been used to develop a variety of nanomaterial-based dental products aimed at conservative dentistry applications. These new nanomaterial-based materials offer improved physicochemical and mechanical properties, combined with enhanced aesthetics that makes them superior restor [...]

2848 20807

Open Access Original Research

Dimensional, Mechanical and LCA Characterization of Terrazzo Tiles along with Glass and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)

Received: 12 December 2020;  Published: 02 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101006

Abstract

In this work, two types of wastes were introduced, namely, glass from municipal waste and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW). The latter, which was obtained from rubble generated by the seismic events occurred in Central Italy in 2016, was introduced in two configurations, the single-layer and the double-layer of the cement-based Terrazzo tiles. A maximum of 77% of waste introduction was proven to be possible, therefore creating the possibility of obtaining construction products including high quantities of se [...]

2384 19971

Open Access Review

High-Performance Polymers for Aeronautic Wires Insulation: Current Uses and Future Prospects

Received: 25 November 2020;  Published: 25 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101005

Abstract

Polymers such as polyimides and fluoropolymers are widely used for insulating aeronautic wires. They are exposed to various changing factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture, vibration, chafing, etc. The electrification on the horizon can potentially increase the demand for these systems. Indeed, this impending evolution of technology pushes the boundaries of commonly-employed wires. Downsizing systems and enhancing the performance is an urgent requirement. A new generation of insulating materials capable of [...]

3743 30817

Open Access Original Research

Toward Next Generation Plasmonic Nanopore Slit Platform with a ~10 nm Slit-Width

Received: 22 December 2020;  Published: 05 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101004

Abstract

We fabricated various nanoaperture plasmonic platforms for single-molecule detection. We fabricated nanoapertures like nanopores on a pyramid and nanoslits on an Au flat membrane using a Ga ion focused ion beam drilling technique, followed by irradiating with a high energy electron beam, dependent on the electron beam current density to obtain nanoapertures with a few nanometer sizes (circular nanopore, nanoslit pores). We examined their optical characteristics with varying aperture sizes and sample thicknesses. We [...]

5338 18063

Open Access Original Research

Tribological Behaviour of Sputter Coated ZnO Thin Films

Received: 13 August 2020;  Published: 22 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101003

Abstract

The tribological properties of ZnO thin film coated on an aluminium work piece by RF magnetron sputtering were studied as a function of deposition power, substrate coating temperature, heat treatment and rotation speed. The variation in the coefficient of friction of ZnO films produced under various levels of coating parameters and conditions were experimentally determined using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that with change in deposition conditions and heat treatment, there are significant microstru [...]

1829 11260

Open Access Original Research

Deflection of a Concrete T-beam with Prestressed and Non-prestressed Fiber Reinforcement Polymers at Elevated Temperatures

Received: 15 November 2020;  Published: 15 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101002

Abstract

Prestressed concrete members have gained popularity as an efficient and effective way of designing a structural member with the best engineering and material properties. The method of prestressing a structural concrete member has the capability of controlling increased service loads with less depth over longer spans. However, deflections from over-loading or loading over time give a disadvantage to the common steel reinforced concrete members by the effect of corrosion as the structural concrete develop cracks. To [...]

1707 12203

Open Access Editorial

Acknowlegement to Reviewers of Recent Progress in Materials in 2020

Received: 07 January 2021;  Published: 07 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101001

Abstract

The editors of Recent Progress in Materials would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2020. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate o [...]

1024 6437

Open Access Review

Clinical Significance of Internal Friction Connection and Micro-Threads in Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Literature Review

Received: 13 August 2020;  Published: 17 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004024

Abstract

A connection structure using both a screw and friction is advantageous to secure an abutment to an implant. Understanding the biomechanics of the implant-abutment connection is necessary for the long-term clinical survival of a dental implant with decreased complications. The internal conical friction connection structure and micro-threads have shown favorable biological hard tissue response with exceptional structural features. The internal conical connection structure maintains the soft tissue seal and the margin [...]

2627 16593

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of Curing Temperature on the Morphology and Electro-Optical Properties of a Flexible UV-Cured Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC)

Received: 11 October 2020;  Published: 08 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004023

Abstract

In this work, the experimental data on flexible PDLC films at the industrial scale and the effect of cure temperature (Tc) on the morphology and electro-optical properties of a UV-cured PDLC system via polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS) method were studied. Under constant UV radiation intebsity and thickness, the morphological parameters such as dimension, number density, and volume fraction of the phase-separated liquid crystal droplets as well as the optical transmissions and switching voltages as a function [...]

1772 11013

Open Access Research Article

Mechanical and Rheological Properties of 3D Printable Cement Composites

Received: 29 July 2020;  Published: 23 October 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2004022

Abstract

Additive manufacturing is a recent revolution in the construction field since cementitious materials became printable. This extrusion technique has enabled the construction of very complex geometry with a reduction in costs, time and labour interventions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of reinforcing 3D printable cementitious composites with the use of nano and micro materials, particularly nano silica, micro silica and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) which are known for their ability to enhance the f [...]

2076 10679

Open Access Review

Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Fabrication of Bone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Received: 26 June 2020;  Published: 08 September 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003021

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a modern and more effective treatment for bone defects has recently received lots of attention. One of the pivotal parts of BTE is the “scaffold”, which functions as an indwelling carrier of cells and additives, as well as, providing a foundation for cell growth and eventually forming new, native-like bone. Up to now, many methods and materials have been employed to manufacture bone scaffolds. This review focuses on providing both basic knowledge of BTE as well as possible methods o [...]

4009 30067

Open Access Research Article

Wave Propagation and Scattering due to Debonding in CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

Received: 28 May 2020;  Published: 27 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003020

Abstract

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) systems as sheets or plates are commonly used to strengthen and retrofit damaged reinforced concrete beams. In general, the bond between the FRP element and concrete defines the effectiveness of the externally bonded FRP materials. In most cases, the interface bonding behaviour is usually tested via static loading conditions. In this paper, the bonding is verified under dynamic conditions. Wave propagation is modelled in delaminated CFRP strengthened reinforced concrete beam. [...]

1833 10954

Open Access Research Article

Enhanced Long-term Antithrombogenicity Instigated by Covalently-Attached Surface Modifier on Biomedical Polymers

Received: 03 May 2020;  Published: 18 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003019

Abstract

During a variety of medical procedures such as renal dialysis, bypass surgery, and lung transplantation patient blood is exposed to the surface of a number of polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polysulfone (PS) for a period up to several days. Such exposure may result in undesirable protein-material interactions that can potentially trigger deleterious biological processes including thrombosis, which may be responsible for other complications such as cognitive disability [...]

2059 10188

Open Access Review

Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications

Received: 22 March 2020;  Published: 21 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003018

Abstract

Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for both characterizing and fabricating engineered biomaterials. Ultrasound-based technologies offer a diverse toolbox with outstanding capacity for optimization and customization within a variety of therapeutic contexts, including improved extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine applications. Non-invasive ultrasound fabrication tools include the use of thermal and mechanical effects of acoustic waves to modify the structure and function of extracell [...]

2276 14124

Open Access Short Review

Bio-Based Substances from the Compost of Bio-Waste for Decontamination of Waste Water

Received: 25 April 2020;  Published: 01 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003017

Abstract

A literature survey shows that the valorization of urban and/or agricultural biowastes into chemicals has caught the attention of experts and is gradually becoming quite an important issue. This review presents the application of the Bio-Based Substances (BBS) isolated from the compost of bio-wastes from urban gardening and park trimming residues. The non-cost BBS has been well studied in the literature. BBS are biological macromolecules with a complex lignin-derived structure containing several functional groups, [...]

1765 9766

Open Access Research Article

Dirac's Spectrum from Newton’s Laws in Graphene

Received: 17 March 2020;  Published: 01 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003016

Abstract

The present report provides a phenomenological theory for monolayer graphene, in which two worlds, the quantum and the classical, meet and complete each other in the most natural manner. In the present report, electron mass-vortex representation is introduced, and the surface tension excitation states in the monolayer graphene are defined. The band-mass of the electrons at the Dirac’s point was calculated through the mathematical introduction of a mass-dispersion relation. As a consequence, the Dirac’s [...]

1790 12436

Open Access Review

Effects of Quantum Confinement of Hydrogen in Nanocavities – Experimental INS Results and New Insights

Received: 31 March 2020;  Published: 23 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002015

Abstract

Current developments of non-relativistic quantum mechanics appear to predict, and reveal, counter-intuitive dynamical effects of hydrogen in nanostructured materials that are of considerable importance for basic research as well as for technological applications. In this review, the experimental focus is on H2O and H molecules in carbon nanotubes and other nanocavities that have been experimentally investigated using the well-established technique of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS). For instance, the [...]

2077 11666

Open Access Original Research

Enhancement of String Tension Using Thin-Film Metallic Glass Coatings

Received: 16 May 2020;  Published: 15 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002014

Abstract

Inspired by the application of metallic glass sheet as face material for improving the performance of golf clubs, the present work was aimed to explore the application of thin-film metallic glass (TFMG) coatings for enhancing the performance of strings. In order to achieve this aim, badminton strings were coated with TFMG coatings of different thicknesses. The compositions of these TFMG coatings were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer. The amorphous structure of the film was verified using X-ray diffra [...]

1658 9348

Open Access Original Research

Polystyrene Topography Sticker Array for Cell-Based Assays

Received: 15 March 2020;  Published: 14 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002013

Abstract

Cells can respond to different topographical cues in their natural microenvironment. Hence, scientists have employed microfabrication techniques and materials to generate culture substrates containing topographies for cell-based assays. However, one of the limitations of custom topographical platforms is the lack of adoption by the broad research community. These techniques and materials have high costs, require high technical expertise, and can leach components that may introduce artifacts. In this study, we devel [...]

1793 11425

Open Access Review

The Use of Biomaterials in Internal Radiation Therapy

Received: 18 March 2020;  Published: 12 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002012

Abstract

Radiotherapy has become one of the most prominent and effective modalities for cancer treatment and care. Ionising radiation, delivered either from external or internal sources, can be targeted to cancerous cells causing damage to DNA that can induce apoptosis. External beam radiotherapy delivers either photon radiation (x-rays or gamma rays) or particle radiation (neutrons or protons) in a targeted manner to specific tumour locations. Internal radiotherapy involves placing radioactive sources within the body to de [...]

2479 19486

Open Access Technical Note

Innovation in Skin Regeneration: Novel Approaches with β-1,3/1,6-Glucan-Based Treatments

Received: 06 April 2020;  Published: 11 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002011

Abstract

Skin regeneration is a multidisciplinary topic that involves plastic surgery, aesthetics, and dermatology. In the last few years, several molecules have been used to prevent or delay the skin aging process. Recently, promising investigations on novel β-1,3/1,6-glucan-based treatments, associated with sodium hyaluronate, have demonstrated the induction of a naïve biological stimulus in soft tissues. Serum Revitalizing Face (Lot 00118a0051 of 11/19/2018 approved by the Italian Ministry of Health as a Medical Device-C [...]

1633 10349

Open Access Original Research

Mechano-Vibrational Spectroscopy of Tissues and Materials Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Technique

Received: 04 February 2020;  Published: 29 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002010

Abstract

Elastic moduli of tissues and synthetic polymeric materials are important design properties needed to develop new implants. In this paper we report the use of vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and calculate the modulus of tissues and synthetic polymers non-invasively and non-destructively in vitro and in vivo. Values of tissue and polymer moduli were obtained by applying an audible sinusoidal sound wave to the surface of each specimen. The sound wave travels to the in [...]

2871 22497

Open Access Original Research

Quantum Decoherence in Dense Media: A Few Examples

Received: 29 December 2019;  Published: 13 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002009

Abstract

Decoherence is a relatively recent concept in the field of quantum mechanics. Although the pioneers of the field must have understood that loss of phase coherence in quantum superpositions is the reason underlying the appearance of definite outcomes in the quantum measurement problem, the latter was not treated in terms of decoherence until sixty years after the formulation of quantum mechanics as described in a report by Joos and Zeh in 1983 [1]. However, soon after, the theory was developed in further detail, and [...]

2373 21778

Open Access Original Research

Antibody-Based Capture and Behaviour of Endothelial Cell Lines on Pre-Surface Modified Medical Grade Steel

Received: 25 January 2020;  Published: 27 March 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001008

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coronary stents, tube-shaped medical implants that are placed in narrowed coronary arteries, have been used successfully in the management of this condition. However, re-narrowing (i.e. restenosis) of the artery can occur which is instigated by an immune response towards the implanted ‘foreign’ material. A new approach to prevent restenosis and reduce the stent-induced immune response has been proposed previously, which involve [...]

1308 9697

Open Access Review

Self-Consistent Theory of Screening and Transport in Narrow, Translation-Invariant Hall Bars under the Conditions of the Integer Quantum-Hall-Effect

Received: 11 November 2019;  Published: 17 March 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001007

Abstract

We summarize and discuss a self-consistent screening and magneto-transport theory, developed to understand the results of scanning-force-microscope experiments on the current distribution in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES), located in a narrow Hall bar under the conditions of the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and its breakdown. The theory explains why, at low temperatures, at certain intervals of the applied perpendicular magnetic field, the current density is confined to “incompressible stripes” (ISs [...]

1607 12937

Open Access Case Report

Transient Phenomenon in Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals

Received: 10 December 2019;  Published: 05 March 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001006

Abstract

In the present study, we report the experimental results related to the transient phenomenon, i.e., the time-dependent changes in the electro-optical properties of as-made polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films prepared by the UV-curing phase-separation method. This phenomenon occurs explicitly via polymer-induced phase separation when the matrix curing is not complete, some liquid crystal plasticized in the matrix, and some uncured pre-polymer components remain in the liquid crystal droplets. The outcome is [...]

1779 11340

Open Access Review

Biomedical Applications of Wrinkling Polymers

Received: 09 December 2019;  Published: 28 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001005

Abstract

Advancements in surface engineering and material fabrication techniques have enabled the creation and replication of naturally occurring surface topographies or the extrapolation of natural patterns to become achievable targets. Polymers are used extensively in the field of biomedical sciences for containment, handling, and as cell culture substrates. It is well established that several polymers exhibit good biocompatibility for cell culture, with properties that include exhibiting minimal to no cytotoxicity and be [...]

2502 18389

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of the Processing Method for the Development of Hybrid Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds

Received: 01 November 2019;  Published: 26 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001004

Abstract

The present study deals with the development of scaffolds based on gelatin (G) and/or chitosan (CH) through modifications in the central processing method. This process consists of the fabrication of a hydrogel which is, then submitted to a freeze-drying stage. To compare the effects of the different modifications, the mechanical properties of the various systems were characterized, employing both dynamic compressive strain and frequency sweep tests. In addition, their porosity as well as the structure and fiber di [...]

1616 9878

Open Access Original Research

Initial Adhesion Behavior of Osteoblast on Titanium with Sub-Micron Scale Roughness

Received: 18 September 2019;  Published: 14 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001003

Abstract

The surface roughness of titanium could regulate various cellular functions such as survival and growth. In the context of cell adhesion to materials, cell spreading and cell shape are also closely linked to various cellular functions. Previously, we found that Ti substrate with a 100-nm scale surface roughness reduced cell survival. However, effects of surface roughness on cell shape were not investigated. Herein, we quantified the initial adhesion behavior of osteoblasts on a Ti substrate with ~100 nm scale surfa [...]

2207 13908

Open Access Original Research

Relativistic Wigner Function for Quantum Walks

Received: 15 October 2019;  Published: 06 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001002

Abstract

A relativistic Wigner function for free Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) on the square 2D space-time lattice is defined. The transport equation obeyed by the relativistic Wigner function is derived in terms of discrete derivatives and degenerates in the continuum limit into the transport equation obeyed by the Wigner function of 2D Dirac fermions. The first corrections to the continuous equation induced by the discreteness of the lattice are also determined and the similarities with non-quantum relativistic tran [...]

1703 11271

Open Access Original Research

Phase Equilibria of Flexible Polymer and Monomer Liquid Crystal Blends

Received: 05 December 2019;  Published: 03 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001001

Abstract

In this study, we explored the phase equilibria in blends of a nematic liquid crystal monomer and a nematic liquid crystal flexible polymer within the whole composition of the phase diagram. The crystal-nematic and nematic-isotropic transition temperatures, as well as the transition enthalpies and entropies, indicated the total miscibility in this mesogenic blend system. We also extracted an empirical axial ratio of 4.52 for the polymer from the nematic-isotropic transitions of the blends. Further, from the biphasi [...]

1583 9959

Open Access Original Research

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tune Oxidative Degradation Rates in Composite Shape Memory Polymers

Received: 12 September 2019;  Published: 31 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904008

Abstract

Biomedical applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs) are limited by their biostability, degradability, and possible toxicity risks after implantation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to increase the oxidative biostability (increase time until degradation occurs) using antioxidants and to induce oxidative degradation through incorporation of hydrogen peroxide-containing MSNs with modified surfaces. The presented results confirm increased oxidative stability using antioxidants, and alternatively, [...]

1698 10576

Open Access Research Article

Silk-CNT Mediated Fibroblast Stimulation toward Chronic Wound Repair

Received: 30 October 2019;  Published: 18 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904007

Abstract

Background:Diabetic patients suffer from chronic wounds partly due to altered function of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of diabetic patients synthesize collagen I (COLI) at a much higher level than collagen III (COLIII), resulting in delayed tissue granulation and, consequently, a delay in the overall wound healing process. Methods:We aimed to revive the matrix protein productivity of diabetic fibroblasts by employing aligned, electrically conductive and biocompatible spider silk-CNT fibers as a cell culture matrix to m [...]

2276 12498

Open Access Review

Engineering Bacterial Cellulose for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Abstract

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]

2636 19567

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Deposition of Ultrathin SnTe Films

Received: 06 September 2019;  Published: 29 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904005

Abstract

Tin telluride (SnTe) ultrathin films were deposited electrochemically on polycrystalline and monocrystalline gold substrates using the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn and Te were studied systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry curves for Sn displayed a broad peak in the region between -0.15 V and -0.35 V, which was related to the under-potential deposition (UPD), while the curves for Te displayed a peak at 0.3 V for Te UPD. X-ray pho [...]

1811 89572

Open Access Original Research

Formulation-Properties of Novel Ibuprofen-Loaded Soy Protein Wound Dressings

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904004

Abstract

Background:Wound management is an important field in medical care, as annually, millions of wounds require treatment worldwide. Soy protein is highly biocompatible, easily processed, and a relatively cheap natural polymer, which can be used for wound dressing applications. Methods:In this study, solvent cast soy protein films, plasticized by glycerol and cross-linked by glyoxal, were thermally treated and their mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of various processing parameters. Samples were then lo [...]

1988 9500

Open Access Review

Super-Resolution of Nano-Materials and Quantum Effects Obtained by Microspheres

Received: 29 July 2019;  Published: 04 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903003

Abstract

In this article, microsphere super-resolution, which are beyond the Abbe classical limit, are described. The conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is analyzed by using the geometry of the microsphere. In microsphere experiments, a nanojet is produced near the focal plane, where its width is smaller than the Abbe limit and remains unchanged in the axial direction for certain wavelengths. The interference between the evanescent waves being converted into propagating waves and the nanojet leads to an i [...]

1777 9700

Open Access Project Report

Evaluation of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Passive Rear Projection Screen Application

Received: 24 June 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903002

Abstract

In the past few years, there have been many attempts to commercialize Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Rear Projection Screen (RPS) in electrically switchable films and glass products. This application is based on the exceptional image quality of PDLC at a wide viewing angle. However, due to the high price of conventional switchable PDLC privacy glass, the integration of RPS in PDLC failed to attract large multimedia and entertainment markets. An obvious solution to this problem is the independent develo [...]

2934 22033

Open Access Opinion

Valued Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles

Received: 08 March 2019;  Published: 26 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1902001

Abstract

Technical lignins from the biorefinery, pulp, and paper industries are largely underutilized, even though this aromatic and randomly structured biopolymer could be an interesting raw material for advanced applications in addition to bulk daily goods. Recently, colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have gained much of the research interests due to the attractive multi-functional properties of the biopolymer. Utilization of lignin in nanoparticulate morphology resolves most of the drawbacks when using lignin (heterogenei [...]

2536 16592

Open Access Short Review

The Role of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Chemical Neuroscience: Implications for Drug Development

Received: 03 May 2025;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601318

Abstract

The study explores the crucial biological function of nitrogen in cyclic and acyclic structures with resonance potential, including tetrazoles, pyrroles, piperidines, and carbamates, within the realm of chemical neuroscience. It highlights the importance of these compounds for their biological properties and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central nervous system (CNS). The study emphasizes the necessity for neurochemical drugs, like morphine, to effectively cross the BBB, as modifi [...]

164 603

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2025

Received: 04 January 2026;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601317

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2025. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of [...]

157 377

Open Access Original Research

Psychological Flexibility in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls

Received: 09 March 2025;  Published: 31 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504316

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the psychological flexibility of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to healthy controls. Psychological flexibility is a key construct related to mental health and adaptive functioning, and understanding its levels in BPD can provide insight into symptom severity and treatment outcomes. The study included 58 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 62 healthy volunteer controls, all meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants completed [...]

134 563

Open Access Review

Neurobiology of Cancer Pain: A Narrative Review

Received: 10 September 2025;  Published: 12 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504315

Abstract

Chronic cancer pain results from the complex interaction of nociceptive, neuropathic, and neuroimmune mechanisms, which vary according to tumor type, location, stage, and treatment history. Recent advances in cancer neuroscience have reframed pain as a dynamic manifestation of reciprocal tumor–nerve–immune interactions, rather than a mere consequence of tissue damage. In this model, malignant, stromal, and immune cells remodel nociceptive circuits at peripheral and central levels. This narrative review, conducted i [...]

336 1256

Open Access Review

The Relationship between Hereditary Predisposition and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia Development

Received: 17 August 2025;  Published: 08 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504314

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with multiple SNPs in the human genome, located mainly outside the annotated protein-coding genes. These regions contain a large number of retroelements, which drive epigenetic regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that schizophrenia-associated SNPs exert their influence on the pathological functioning and activation of retroelements, which contribute to epigenetic imbalance in the brain with the development of pathological processes. A reflection of the [...]

237 943

Open Access Original Research

Technology to Help People with Blindness and Intellectual Disability Manage Indoor Travel: Anticipating and Bypassing Obstacles

Received: 18 August 2025;  Published: 27 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504313

Abstract

Recent work with people with blindness and intellectual disability assessed a technology-aided program intended to help eight participants travel indoor routes to reach relevant destinations. The technology included a smartphone, two barcode readers worn by the participants at their ankles, barcodes displayed at specific points of the travel routes, and a mini speaker. The technology ensured that participants received verbal instructions on how to proceed (e.g., take a left turn, cross from one side to the other of [...]

245 1125

Open Access Commentary

Loneliness, Love and Their Connection: A Commentary

Received: 24 August 2025;  Published: 25 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504312

Abstract

A significant social stigma is associated with loneliness. The prevalence of social isolation, in the dawn of the 21st century points to the growing isolation in America. Lonely people who commonly display negative self-perceptions, show great difficulty to establish social ties, and that may be related to their personal inadequacies, or socially undesirable attributes. Lonely people suffer from a low social perception, painting them as less psychologically adjusted, and not very capable in relating to others. That [...]

258 975

Open Access Research Article

Investigating Mental Health Literacy and Its Relationship with Addiction to Social Networks among Allied Medical Sciences Students

Received: 24 June 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504311

Abstract

The widespread use of social media among college students has become a significant concern due to its potential impact on mental health and addictive behaviors. Social media platforms, while offering numerous benefits, can also foster environments that contribute to addiction, depression, and anxiety. College students, in particular, are vulnerable to these effects due to their high levels of social media engagement and the pressures of academic life. Mental health literacy, which involves understanding and managin [...]

287 1493

Open Access Review

Biochemical Foundations of Emotion Regulation: Implications for Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions-A Narrative Review

Received: 02 May 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504310

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) involves processes by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of emotional responses, and its dysregulation is associated with a broad spectrum of psychological disorders. While traditionally conceptualized within psychological frameworks, ER is increasingly recognized as biologically grounded, involving intricate interactions between neurochemical, hormonal, and metabolic systems. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on biochemical substrates [...]

955 3995

Open Access Case Report

Nursing Care for a Patient with a Risk of Suicide Due to Depression Using the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Approach: Case Study

Received: 11 September 2025;  Published: 17 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504309

Abstract

Adolescent depression is linked to suicidal ideation and attempts. Nurses are well-positioned to deliver brief, supportive interventions. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) emphasizes solutions and the activation of personal resources. To describe the feasibility and clinical utility of SFBT, delivered alongside pharmacotherapy, for reducing suicide risk in an adolescent with depression. Single-case report using a nursing process approach in a 17-year-old female inpatient with a major depressive episode and high [...]

268 1644

Open Access Research Article

Sleep and Mood as Mechanisms Linking Trauma Exposure to Alcohol Use in South African First Responders: A Serial Mediation Analysis

Received: 15 June 2025;  Published: 14 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504308

Abstract

First responders are routinely exposed to traumatic events in the line of duty, placing them at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes, including substance use. This study investigated the psychological mechanisms linking trauma exposure to alcohol use, specifically examining the serial mediating roles of insomnia and depression. A sample of 429 first responders (309 police officers and 120 paramedics) from the Western Cape, South Africa, completed an online survey comprising the Life Events Checklist-5 [...]

317 1516

Open Access Review

A Narrative Review on the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Anxiety

Received: 31 May 2025;  Published: 27 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504307

Abstract

Although anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are common co-morbidities, the relationship between autistic traits and anxiety disorders/symptoms has been increasingly researched in recent years. This review aims to compile the studies conducted on this topic and enhance our understanding of it. All publications up to September 1, 2024, on PubMed that contained the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘autistic traits’, ‘autism feature’, ‘autism-like symptoms’, and ‘ASD-like symptoms’, in their titles or abstracts were reviewed. [...]

500 2407

Open Access Original Research

Mechanisms of Self-Awareness, Influence, and Self-Identification

Received: 04 April 2025;  Published: 27 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504306

Abstract

World socio-political growth is shaped by globalization, integration, and multiculturalism, which also impact individual self-perception. Understanding personal development requires studying self-awareness, self-identification, and influence to identify internal requirements and external influences. The study examined self-awareness, self-identification, influence, and their relationships, as well as psychological interventions for self-assessment and self-realization. To attain the research goal, analysis, synthes [...]

738 24916

Open Access Review

Mycotoxins Exposure: Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Behavioral Alteration

Received: 13 June 2025;  Published: 21 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504305

Abstract

Evidence from recent studies has suggested a significant association between mycotoxin exposure and neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to the onset of neurocognitive disorders during key developmental stages of the brain. Various research highlights how exposure to these toxins is correlated with a decline in cognitive performance, reduced motor skills, and behavioral issues. Mycotoxins are also implicated in interfering with neuronal signaling pathways and the functioning of neurotransmitters, which may l [...]

624 4091

Open Access Original Research

The Influence of Gender and Academic Achievement on University Students' Perceptions of LMS-Based Self-Regulated Learning in Korea

Received: 28 April 2025;  Published: 09 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504304

Abstract

This study examines how university students perceive Learning Management System (LMS)-based instruction within the context of higher education, as they adapt to the rapid digital transformation. Specifically, it examines how students' perceptions differ based on gender and academic achievement, providing insights for more inclusive and adaptive instructional design. LMS platforms, when actively utilized, offer more than just content delivery—they can enhance classroom transparency, provide immediate feedback, promo [...]

411 2403

Open Access Research Article

Technology Support to Enable People with Severe Intellectual Disability and Blindness to Carry Out Occupational Activities and Transition Between Them Independently

Received: 14 July 2025;  Published: 09 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504303

Abstract

People with severe intellectual disability and blindness tend to perform only simple occupational activities and are mostly unable to transition between those activities. This inability makes their level of occupation independent of staff support fairly limited. Technology-aided programs may be one of the few opportunities available to increase their independent occupation. This study assessed one such program designed to (a) monitor the participants’ responses and guide them to transition to a new activity once th [...]

403 1951

Open Access Original Research

Interactive and Deep Learning-Powered EEG-BCI for Wrist Rehabilitation: A Game-based Prototype Study

Received: 14 August 2025;  Published: 24 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503302

Abstract

Motor deficits induced by neurological disorders impose a severe impact on activities of daily life. Conventional rehabilitation practices necessitate ongoing clinical supervision, which is costly and inaccessible. EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a viable solution by facilitating neurorehabilitation through the direct interpretation of brain signals. Nonetheless, current systems are confronted with issues of real-time control, portability, and classification precision. The paper describes a n [...]

791 5122

Open Access Case Report

Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in Socially Isolated Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Received: 17 May 2025;  Published: 15 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503301

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the impact of mindfulness training on Mr. A, a 17-year-old adolescent with schizophrenia experiencing social isolation and severe anxiety. The subject, Mr. A, is a 17-year-old male who presented with significant anxiety symptoms, including excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, heart palpitations, rapid breathing, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms were accompanied by behaviors of social withdrawal, emotional detachment, and reluctance to communicate [...]

524 2913

Open Access Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS) among Iranian Adolescents

Received: 11 February 2025;  Published: 01 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503300

Abstract

Interpersonal mindfulness, involving present-moment awareness and acceptance during social interactions, is crucial for emotional regulation and adaptive interpersonal functioning. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), a 27-item instrument with four subscales: presence, awareness of self and others, nonjudgmental acceptance, and nonreactivity. The cross-sectional sample included 15- to 17-year-old Iranian adolescents (2023–2024), r [...]

677 4708

Open Access Original Research

Neural Network of Alpha Rhythm rs-EEG Activity for the Assessment of Consciousness in Psychopathology

Received: 18 December 2024;  Published: 29 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503299

Abstract

Consciousness is an integrative process that combines several executive functions, as well as the analytical and synthetic activity of the brain. In some psychopathological conditions, in particular, in schizophrenia, low-information "borderline" disorders of the executive functions and consciousness are often formed at the onset. The present study was aimed at assessing the integration of the bran alpha regulatory system and the modulation of consciousness based on the data of recording the alpha rhythm of resting [...]

492 3325

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Explainable AI Approaches in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 16 January 2025;  Published: 15 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503298

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant heterogeneity in symptoms and comorbid conditions. Studies have shown the value of early and accurate diagnosis in mitigating the associated social and behavioral challenges. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential of machine learning (ML) models in identifying ASD patterns from neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral data. However, the limited interpretability of these models poses a barrier to their clinical adopti [...]

645 5957

Open Access Short Review

Loneliness or Solitude: How Are They Different?

Received: 08 May 2025;  Published: 14 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503297

Abstract

Loneliness, social isolation, aloneness, and solitude may be used interchangeably by some who may miss the difference between them. Loneliness is the experience of being alone, or perceiving that one is alone and unimportant to others. Solitude is being geographically isolated out of one’s choice. Loneliness is not a feeling, but a multidimensional construct which is expressed cognitively, behaviorally and affectively. solitude is also reviewed and a clear distinction between loneliness and solitude is established. [...]

1180 7483

Open Access Review

Advancing Objective Pain Measurement: Exploring the Potential of Electroencephalography Biomarkers

Received: 26 February 2025;  Published: 05 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503296

Abstract

Chronic pain involves complex cortical and subcortical changes, suggesting that brain electrical activity may be a potential biomarker for nociceptive processing. Pain leaves its signature in the brain's oscillatory patterns, yet limited studies have explored the neurophysiological alterations associated with chronic pain. This review examines the pain detection method currently used in clinical settings, the potential of neurophysiological features to become brain oscillatory brain biomarkers, and their use in fut [...]

848 6081

Open Access Review

Maladjustment in Minority Youth from Community Network Disparities in the COVID-19 Lockdown Environment

Received: 17 April 2024;  Published: 04 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503295

Abstract

Pandemic lockdown orders resulted in closures to critical community networks. One such infrastructure was community recreation centers/parks. This infrastructure serves a critical role in building psychosocial wellness for youth. Socioeconomic minority youth face baseline disparity in center/park distribution and services. Youth recreation activity declined 50% as result of lockdown orders with corresponding decline in youth mental health status. Despite overall youth activity decline, White and high socioeconomic [...]

403 2594

Open Access Original Research

How Can Architectural Acoustics Reflect Levels of Stress and Relaxation in Indoor Environments? An EEG-Based Experimental Study

Received: 11 April 2025;  Published: 31 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503294

Abstract

The acoustic design of indoor environments encompassing spatial configuration, material properties, and sound absorption significantly influences auditory perception and psychological well-being. This study examines the interaction between architectural acoustics, musical stimuli, and neural responses within a controlled therapeutic context, focusing on their effects on stress reduction and relaxation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was utilized to measure brain activity in 24 participants exposed to six musical inst [...]

670 5941

Open Access Original Research

Protective Effects of Teucrium polium Extract Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia: Insights from Wild-Type and Acox1⁻/⁻ Models

Received: 20 May 2025;  Published: 30 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503293

Abstract

Microglial activation and the associated oxidative or inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Teucrium polium (TP) ethanolic extract in murine BV-2 microglial cells, including wild-type (Wt) and peroxisomal β-oxidation-deficient Acox1-/- cell lines. The TP extract exhibited high antioxidant activity as assessed via the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 73.89 μ [...]

461 2942

Open Access Review

Integrating Neuroimaging, Biomarkers, and Rehabilitation Strategies for Optimized Diagnosis and Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

Received: 28 February 2025;  Published: 21 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503292

Abstract

This review examines a multimodal approach that integrates advanced neuroimaging, biofluid biomarkers, and innovative rehabilitation strategies for the optimized diagnosis and recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI remains a critical public health challenge due to its high incidence and diverse, long-lasting morbidities. Conventional diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect subtle injuries, and current prognostic models are limited by the heterogeneity of TBI. Emerging neuroimaging techniques, [...]

1388 7588

Open Access Review

Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in the Neuroinflammatory Cascade of Traumatic Brain Injury

Received: 31 March 2025;  Published: 09 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503291

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury is mechanical, the subsequent neuroinflammatory cascade plays a critical role in secondary injury and long-term neurological deficits. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play a key role in this cascade, interacting with neurons in a complex interplay that can both protect and exacerbate neuronal damage. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview [...]

887 4866

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