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Open Access Review

Scope of Nanomaterials in Treating Neurological Disorders

Received: 08 November 2023;  Published: 11 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401208

Abstract

In the last decade, development in nanotechnology has been used intensively. By studying nanotechnology and nanomaterials, we can generate excellent responses in healthcare related to neurological disorders. It also includes easy diagnosis of diseases in their early stages, delivery of genes, and many more. Neurological disorders are one of the most sensitive topics. Therefore, nanomaterials promise to treat neurological disorders as they are highly efficient. Nanomaterials will significantly expand our knowledge o [...]

2213 11552

Open Access Original Research

Neuroprotective Effects and Cognitive Enhancement of Allomargaritarine in 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model

Received: 23 August 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401207

Abstract

Here, we report the results of an investigation of the neuroprotective effects of securinine with tryptamine conjugate-allomargaritarine (2b), previously selected as the leading compound among a wide range of natural derivatives. 2b was synthesized from securinine using various Lewis acids as catalysts. In addition to the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties previously shown for 2b, in this work, in vitro analysis of the biological activity of the compound demonstrated that this conjugate is also able to influ [...]

1442 8350

Open Access Original Research

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Neurology for Web 3.0 and mHealth: A Conceptual Framework

Received: 02 June 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401206

Abstract

According to 2019 WHO data, neurological conditions contribute to 1503.39 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 population. Approximately 57% of office-based physicians use EHR systems and the natural place to incorporate standardized ePRO is into EHR. However, implementing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for neurological conditions is challenging because many patients are elderly, have comorbidities, and experience cognitive impairment. As healthcare digitization increases, we propose a framework for [...]

1263 7288

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Psychological Stress on Personal Income, Physical Health and Entrepreneurial Intentions among Entrepreneurs

Received: 19 September 2023;  Published: 04 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401205

Abstract

Entrepreneurial intention plays a pivotal role within entrepreneurship ecosystems, acting as a catalyst for economic growth and innovation by inspiring individuals to embrace entrepreneurship as a viable career pursuit. The present research delves into the intricate dynamics between stress, entrepreneurial intention, personal income, and physical health within Egypt's entrepreneurial landscape. Grounded in a quantitative analysis of 286 valid samples and utilizing SmartPLS 4, this study unveils compelling insights. [...]

1893 10906

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2023

Received: 03 January 2024;  Published: 02 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401204

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2023. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the [...]

833 4073

Open Access Original Research

Interactive Technology to Help People with Multiple Disabilities Practice Relevant Physical Responses within an Occupational Task

Received: 09 October 2023;  Published: 02 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401203

Abstract

This study adapted a new interactive technology system to help six participants with intellectual disability and visual and motor impairments to exercise relevant physical responses as part of an occupational task. The task was to place objects into different containers from a sitting position. The responses, which changed across sessions, consisted of the participants (a) stretching the left arm and shoulder to place objects in a container located to their left, (b) stretching the right arm and shoulder to place o [...]

1216 6295

Open Access Concept Paper

An Overview of Recent Technology-Aided Intervention Strategies to Help People with Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Meet Relevant Rehabilitation Goals

Received: 09 September 2023;  Published: 15 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304202

Abstract

The paper presents an overview of recent studies assessing technology-aided strategies aimed at helping people with intellectual and multiple disabilities reach relevant rehabilitation goals. The 16 studies included in the paper addressed four specific rehabilitation goals, that is, (a) performance of functional activities, (b) access to leisure and communication and performance of functional activities, (c) increase of adaptive responses and decrease of problem behavior or inadequate posture, and (d) increase of a [...]

1370 7172

Open Access Short Communication

Targeted MRI (tMRI) of Small Increases in the T1 of Normal Appearing White Matter in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Using a Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequence

Received: 30 June 2023;  Published: 14 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304201

Abstract

In modelling studies targeted MRI (tMRI) of small increases in the T1 of tissues using divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) sequences show ten or more times the contrast seen with conventional IR sequences. This may be particularly useful in imaging normal appearing white matter where there may be small changes in T1 and/or T2 in disease but these changes may be insufficient to produce useful contrast with conventional T2-weighted spin echo (T2-wSE) and T2-FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequ [...]

1403 8274

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Ficus Platyphylla-Induced Hypothermia on Long-term Functional Recovery after Ischaemic Stroke

Received: 19 October 2023;  Published: 05 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304200

Abstract

A stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that results from a blockage in the blood supply to part of the brain or a burst blood vessel in the brain. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with an annual mortality rate of about 5.5 million. Antithrombotic therapies have failed to provide a cure for this debilitating cerebrovascular disorder, and hypothermia is gaining interest as a novel strategy for the management of stroke. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Ficus platyphylla-induced hypothermia o [...]

989 6069

Open Access Original Research

Association between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience in Frontline Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam

Received: 11 October 2023;  Published: 30 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304199

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a considerable burden on frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), thus increasing their vulnerability to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our study aimed to examine the relationship between possible PTSD symptoms and resilience and identify associated factors with possible PTSD symptoms among Vietnamese frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional study across medical facilities at three administrative levels: provincial, district, [...]

1180 7273

Open Access Review

Understanding the Potentiality of Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Disorders Detection and Diagnostics

Received: 09 April 2022;  Published: 29 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304198

Abstract

Today, the advancement of assessment, forecasting, and therapy or medical attention for psychological healthcare is already using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly machine learning, due to the introduction of digital tools to treat mental health conditions. In mental health treatment, the present and the future of artificial intelligence technologies hold both enormous promises and potential dangers. With the current global scenario, psychological disorders like clinical depression, general anxi [...]

1900 10267

Open Access Original Research

Anxiety, Stress and Depression as the Notorious Barriers to Achieving a Massive Performance among Egyptian Construction Site Workers

Received: 25 August 2023;  Published: 24 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304197

Abstract

In today's corporate landscape, optimizing performance has emerged as a formidable challenge for organizations, often hindered by formidable barriers and psychological factors. This study explores the role of anxiety, stress, and depression in attaining performance among Egyptian construction site workers. The quantitative analysis utilizes cross-sectional data collected from workers working at different construction sites in Egypt. The study concludes with findings from 298 valid cases. Leveraging the structur [...]

934 7430

Open Access Research Article

Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index among University Students in Korea

Received: 12 July 2023;  Published: 21 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304196

Abstract

Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint in clinical practice, affecting both the physical and mental health of patients as well as many aspects of their life quality. Young adults, especially university students, are prone to a high prevalence of poor sleep quality or insomnia. Accurate assessment of insomnia severity among university students has become an important issue. One promising screening tool to identify clinically significant insomnia in the campus setting is the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a seve [...]

1604 12592

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of a Person's Social Success Through the Characteristics of Interpersonal Relationships in A Virtual Environment

Received: 30 April 2023;  Published: 13 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304195

Abstract

The sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has convincingly proved the role of social networks in human life activity as an actor of interpersonal relations. The need for isolation and the limitation of face-to-face communication between people has significantly transformed the system of interpersonal connections through an extensive increase in social contacts in the virtual environment and the growing importance of online social services. In the study, we addressed the problem of diagnosing the indicator of socia [...]

984 6573

Open Access Review

Rehabilitation of Chronic Pain in Post-Critical Care Patients. A Narrative Review

Received: 11 April 2023;  Published: 08 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304194

Abstract

Chronic pain in post-critical care patients is a multifaceted issue with profound implications for patient well-being and quality of life. This review aims to address the rehabilitation of patients who suffer from chronic pain following discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite growing awareness of the prevalence and impact of this condition, significant gaps in knowledge persist regarding the optimal rehabilitation strategies for these patients. To conduct this study, an extensive literature search was [...]

1219 8542

Open Access Review

Building Resilience in Students: Managed and Minimised Stress in Students

Received: 07 March 2023;  Published: 07 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304193

Abstract

Stressful events in students' and teachers' personal, academic, and professional lives are widespread. The paper discusses many effective methods and techniques for correcting and preventing stress that are simple to learn and practice. They give good results in working with children, adolescents, and youths in training and education. Some practices are more complex and require more attention and effort to understand and master them, but they also have broader capabilities in various situations. Therefore, training [...]

2578 18147

Open Access Short Communication

Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception

Received: 09 May 2023;  Published: 02 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192

Abstract

The theoretical study observes literature to understand whether or not low-frequency oscillations can simultaneously alter the excitability of neurons from peripheral nervous subsystems in different individuals to provide Shared Intentionality in recipients (e.g., fetuses and newborns) and what are the attributes of ecological context for Shared Intentionality. To grasp the perception of objects during environmental learning at the onset of cognition, a fetus needs exogenous factors that could stimulate her nervous [...]

1423 17528

Open Access Review

Technological Resources for Early Intervention in Cases of Dyscalculia: A Deductive-Inductive Categorization

Received: 29 May 2023;  Published: 23 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304191

Abstract

Dyscalculia is a math learning disability that significantly interferes with students' academic performance and math-related aspects of their daily lives. Early diagnosis and the design of intervention programs adapted to the needs of each case are essential. In this sense, multiple technological resources are created to address both issues. Still, it is difficult to identify which characteristics they share and which are more relevant regarding didactic suitability. Given this situation, this research proposes cat [...]

1943 15765

Open Access Research Article

Factor Structure of ASD Symptoms in Russian 3-4-Year-Olds

Received: 08 June 2023;  Published: 19 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304190

Abstract

The study aims to reveal autism vectors that are inherent in 3-4-year-olds with ASD. Three hundred eighty-three children with ASD took part in the research. An online questionnaire developed earlier by our research group was used. In the first stage, with the repeated use of exploratory factor analysis, the task of identifying the simplest factor structure was solved. As a result, a 7-factor system was obtained, including from 9 to 14 items in each factor (78 items in total): 1) "Persistence on sameness" (Sam); 2) [...]

1380 7727

Open Access Technical Note

A New Computer-Aided Method for Assessing Children's Cognition in Bioengineering Systems for Diagnosing Developmental Delay

Received: 05 April 2023;  Published: 18 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304189

Abstract

This pilot study (n = 19) examines fidelity rates of the new computer-aided method of diagnosing cognitive development delay in 3-to-6-year-old children. The small-scale research repeats the methodological components of the previous two studies, only changing the data collection process by introducing the baseline value (BV). Experimental data show a significant increase of 9.4 times in the shared intentionality magnitude in neurodivergent children. The results support the hypothesis that the bioengineering system [...]

1103 9685

Open Access Case Report

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Report

Received: 10 May 2023;  Published: 13 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304188

Abstract

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Malignant Catatonia (MC) are conditions with significant overlap and are classically characterized by autonomic dysfunction, rigidity, bradyreflexia, posturing, lead-pipe rigidity in the former and waxy flexibility in the latter, stereotyping, an increase in creatinine kinase, and/or leukocytosis. Onset after inciting factor ranges from days to weeks, as does resolution with appropriate treatment. The overlap in symptomatology with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a f [...]

1210 9374

Open Access Short Communication

Rethinking Driving Assessment: A Hypothesis-Driven Proposal for Cognitive Evaluation

Received: 31 March 2023;  Published: 10 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304187

Abstract

Driving is a critical aspect of personal mobility and autonomy, but ensuring road safety requires a comprehensive evaluation of driving abilities beyond self-reported behaviors and practical skills. This article emphasizes the importance of cognitive assessment in determining fitness to drive and explores the potential benefits of using digital tools for such evaluations to enhance road safety. Implementing these digital tools does come with challenges, such as unfamiliarity with digital cognitive reviews for some [...]

1492 9270

Open Access Original Research

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Ginkgo Biloba Against Crystal Structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)

Received: 07 July 2023;  Published: 09 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304186

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) spreads rapidly across the globe, causing almost 2.8 million cases worldwide. Many drugs and inhibitors, such as dronabinol and nabilone, have been used to treat MS, but there is no effective treatment for MS till now as these medications can cause severe side effects. So, we tested different compounds from Ginkgo biloba to inhibit the symptoms caused by MS as an herbal treatment. We targeted the Crystal structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as it has shown some excellent results [...]

1261 8612

Open Access Short Communication

Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 05 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185

Abstract

The theoretical article aims to develop knowledge about the modulation of shared intentionality at the cellular level. A hypothesis about the neurobiological processes during shared intentionality argues that this pre-perceptual communication occurs through nonlocal neuronal coupling in an ecosystem that can be described as the mother-fetus communication model. The current theoretical study analyses literature to discuss recent findings on the effect of oscillations on neuronal temporal coordination to verify wheth [...]

1531 32052

Open Access Research Article

Demographic Factors, COVID-19-related Factors, and PTSD Symptom Clusters: Exploring Associations and Implications for Mental Health

Received: 26 April 2023;  Published: 25 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303184

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized as a continuous traumatic stressor and associated with high levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines the associations between demographic factors, COVID-19-related factors (fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress), and PTSD, as well as the associations between PTSD and indices of mental health. The participants in the study were university students (n = 322) who completed the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5), the Fear [...]

957 5609

Open Access Research Article

How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain

Received: 02 August 2023;  Published: 15 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303183

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic started at the beginning of 2020. It significantly impacted the older adults in Hong Kong, with most of the community centers and elderly centers being closed down under various restrictive measures. Thus, community-based health promotion activities were temporarily paused, which decreased older adults’ health-promoting behaviors and motivation to stay active. This research aimed to improve the quality of life and the health of older adults with chronic pain through the pain management program [...]

1120 6562

Open Access Original Research

Affinity for Technology Relates to Group Cohesion for New, But Not Existing, Groups

Received: 14 April 2023;  Published: 07 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303182

Abstract

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world mandated shutdowns and social distancing, limiting how much people could see other people outside of their household. Because of this, people had negative mental health outcomes, and many people turned to technology to maintain connections and create new ones. In this paper, we examine the relationship between technology, mental health, and group cohesion with existing groups (N = 202) and new groups (N = 74). We surveyed U.S. participants in June 2020 [...]

1085 6532

Open Access Review

Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications

Received: 13 April 2023;  Published: 27 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181

Abstract

This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in inver [...]

1251 7717

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of Interpersonal Relationships of Social Network Users Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods

Received: 27 April 2023;  Published: 24 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180

Abstract

The emergence of the social networking phenomenon and the sudden spread of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) around the world have significantly affected the transformation of the system of interpersonal relations, partly shifting them towards virtual reality. Online social networks have greatly expanded the boundaries of human interpersonal interaction and initiated processes of integration of different cultures. As a result, research into the possibilities of predicting human behavior through the characteristic [...]

1432 10559

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19 Milieu and Its Psychological Effects on the Environmental Performance

Received: 03 June 2023;  Published: 22 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303179

Abstract

COVID-19 brought significant challenges that have ruined almost all segments of the economy and the environment. The present paper explores the COVID-19 milieu and its impacts the environmental performance (EP). We targeted managers of the Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Saudi Arabia to get online responses. Using the path analysis, the findings reveal a significant negative effect of the factors such as perception of COVID-19 (PoCVD), innovation capability (IC), environmental concern (EC) and the fear [...]

748 5092

Open Access Original Research

“Welcome to Our World”: Experiences of Persons Living with Dementia Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 10 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303178

Abstract

People diagnosed with dementia are experts on living with the disease, yet their perspectives are often overlooked in research and practice. The pandemic has amplified health inequities among older adults, but the impact of the pandemic on the lived experience of people living with dementia remains unclear. This qualitative study used a series of 2 virtual focus groups with people living with dementia (N = 7) to explore challenging situations and emotions experienced by community-dwelling people living with dementi [...]

1127 6666

Open Access Original Research

The Psychometric Properties of the COVID Stress Scales in Korean University Students

Received: 13 April 2023;  Published: 07 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303177

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated disruptions have significantly impacted university students’ lives worldwide. The COVID Stress Scale (CSS) is a 36-item self-reporting instrument designed to measure stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study purposed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CSS for use with Korean university students. The study sample comprised 402 undergraduate students enrolled in a four-year private university in central South Korea. This cross-sectiona [...]

879 5960

Open Access Original Research

Substance Use Disorder, Alexithymia, and Personality Disorders, What is the Link? Pilot African Study

Received: 17 January 2023;  Published: 04 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303176

Abstract

Alexithymia and personality disorders are common in substance use (SUD) patients. This association remains understudied and is considered to hurt the course and management of substance use disorder patients. To determine the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and alexithymia in addiction care patients. Besides, we targeted investigating a possible link between alexithymia, different personality disorders and clinical aspects of substance use disorder including severity. This cross-sectional study was conducte [...]

1286 8869

Open Access Review

Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in General Population During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 31 May 2023;  Published: 21 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303175

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, global populations have experienced quarantine and lockdown restrictions, adversely affecting individuals' psychological well-being. This comprehensive review aims to estimate the prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) within the general population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing the PRISMA guideline, the databases PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar were used in the data extraction process, and publications from December [...]

1295 11210

Open Access Original Research

Quantum and Component Analysis of P3a and P3b from Auditory Single Trial ERPs Differentiates Borderline Personality Disorder from Schizophrenia

Received: 09 April 2023;  Published: 13 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303174

Abstract

Traditional approaches to EEG modelling use the methods of classical physics to reconstruct scalp potentials in terms of explicit physical models of cortical neuron ensembles. The principal difficulty with such approaches is that the multiplicity of cellular processes, with an intricate array of deterministic and random influencing factors, prevents the creation of consistent biophysical parameter sets. An original, empirically testable solution has been achieved in our previous studies by a radical departure from [...]

1258 7741

Open Access Original Research

Predicting Suicide Risk among South African University Students: Optimal Cutoff Score for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

Received: 28 April 2023;  Published: 03 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303173

Abstract

University students have been identified as a particularly vulnerable group for adverse mental health outcomes owing to the distinctive implications of the COVID-19 prevention measures on the educational sector. Even prior to the pandemic, university students were identified as being at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes and suicidality. Although various factors can enhance the risk of suicide, one of the strongest predictors of suicidality is the presence of depressive symptomology. The current stud [...]

1082 6778

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Efficacy of Emerging Computer Technologies in Inclusive Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 05 March 2023;  Published: 05 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302172

Abstract

Including learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream classrooms is associated with challenges that could impede their academic participation. However, studies have shown the value of inclusive education, especially when supported with computer technologies, learners with ASD can effectively learn alongside their non-autistic peers. Despite that, there has been minimal research on ASD inclusion with emerging computer technologies. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the appli [...]

2488 19864

Open Access Original Research

Is Electrocatheter-Mediated High-Voltage Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Dorsal Root Ganglion an Effective Adjuvant to Epidural Adhesiolysis in the Treatment of Chronic Lumbosacral Radicular Pain? A Retrospective Analysis

Received: 19 November 2022;  Published: 29 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302171

Abstract

This study aims to determine if high-voltage PRF could effectively adjunct epidural adhesiolysis (EA) in treating patients with chronic lumbosacral radiating pain (LSRP) and neuropathic characteristics. A total of 409 patients suffering from a single leg-radiating pain lasting for > six months and unresponsive to previous treatments were divided into three different groups: Group 1 consisted of 227 patients suffering from LSRP in lumbar stenosis, 84 treated with EA alone and 143 with PRF-EA; group 2 consisted of [...]

1094 6682

Open Access Original Research

Headache Frequency and Pain Severity Following a Nerve Stimulator Implant for Chronic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 14 November 2022;  Published: 23 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302170

Abstract

Migraines affect approximately one billion individuals worldwide. Implanted nerve stimulator devices can provide relief to some individuals who have chronic migraines refractory to other treatments. This study defines the change in headache pain severity and headache frequency following implanted nerve stimulator treatment in chronic migraineurs. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of six databases was performed to identify all clinical trials treating at least 10 chronic migraineurs with an implanted nerve stimul [...]

1661 9297

Open Access Original Research

A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Postpartum Women's Level of Anxiety, Depression and Breastfeeding Duration

Received: 06 January 2023;  Published: 15 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302169

Abstract

Pregnancy and postpartum periods are known as sensitive periods in women’s life and COVID-19 pandemic seems to be worsening their mental health with major impacts on exclusive breastfeeding duration. Therefore, the present study aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the links between postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms and breastfeeding duration as well as the associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted between November and [...]

1116 8031

Open Access Case Report

Case Report of a Severe Presentation of Anti-Contactin-1 Nodopathy

Received: 15 November 2022;  Published: 08 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302168

Abstract

A 46-year-old, previously healthy woman presented via telemedicine with 14 months of progressive asymmetrical weakness, numbness, paresthesias and tremors. History and clinical exam findings suggested a peripheral etiology resembling a variant CIDP presentation. Electrodiagnostic testing identified only one motor nerve with signs of demyelination; the remainder of motor and sensory nerves were unable to be evoked. MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the trigeminal nerve and cauda equina. CSF revealed albuminocytologi [...]

1207 8330

Open Access Conference Report

Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality: Towards Bioengineering Systems Development

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 28 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302167

Abstract

This expanded conference paper reports the results of a psychophysiological research study on shared intentionality conducted in 24 online experiments with 405 subjects (208 recipients and 197 contributor-confederates). In this research, we created a bioengineering system for assessing shared intentionality in human groups by modeling mother-neonate dyad properties in subjects during solving unintelligible multiple-choice puzzles. In this model, only the mother (contributor-confederate) knows the correct stimulus a [...]

1226 13939

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19 Mental Health Impact and Readiness to Be Vaccinated Among Medical Academic Staff in Non-EU and EU Countries

Received: 18 January 2023;  Published: 10 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302166

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the worst public health catastrophe in recent history, impacting people's mental health and increasing concern over vaccinations. Between early May and late June 2021, a web-based survey that included higher education institutions from three countries (Albania, Belgium, and Cyprus) was conducted. The purpose was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of academic staff, what affects their readiness to get the COVID-19 vaccine, and whether there is a l [...]

1068 6846

Open Access Research Article

Coping and Managing ALS Disease in the Family during COVID-19: Caregivers' Perspective

Received: 13 November 2022;  Published: 31 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301165

Abstract

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, the nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord that enable voluntary muscle movement. Managing ALS is complex and increasingly requires informal care, most often by the patient's companions/spouses or children. The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional critical issues, particularly the disruption of home care and the increased time caregivers spent on patient care. One aim of this research was to assess caregiv [...]

1113 8154

Open Access Original Research

How Involvement in COVID-19-Related Work Changed Nurses' Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Associations with Burnout: Evidence from China 1

Received: 09 January 2023;  Published: 27 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301164

Abstract

China adopted a “Zero-COVID” policy for nearly three years, making Chinese healthcare workers constantly involved in COVID-19-related work. However, little is known about how involvement in COVID-19-related work shaped Chinese nurses’ burnout. This study explores how nurses’ job demands and job resources are associated with their burnout by considering high and low frequent involvements in COVID-19-related work in China. This study employed a cross-sessional design. Guided by Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model, we d [...]

1264 8467

Open Access Review

New Technologies to Support People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Selective Review

Received: 04 September 2022;  Published: 13 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301163

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders represent a cluster of conditions first diagnosed during childhood or adolescence (i.e., including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, motor deficits, and communication deficits). The main characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders is the presence of a deficit or a delay in the acquisition of skills that may affect different areas of evolution (e.g., cognitive, affective, and motor). These clinical conditions make the child or adolescent passive, isolated, and unable [...]

1534 11000

Open Access Research Article

Trauma and Distress on a Cruise during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Italian and French Tourists

Received: 24 July 2022;  Published: 10 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301162

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our daily lives. One of the sectors most affected was tourism and travel – and, more specifically, cruises, given the prolonged time passengers spend with others within the small spaces of the cruise ship. While finding well-organised entertainment opportunities on cruises is possible, emergency conditions may cause panic. On such occasions, reactions can be highly stressful or even traumatic. This research explores the events and emotions experienced by passengers duri [...]

876 6639

Open Access Review

Neurostimulation for Traumatic Brain Injury: Emerging Innovation

Received: 07 October 2022;  Published: 06 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301161

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant source of brain deficit and death among neurosurgical patients, with limited prospects for functional recovery in the cases of moderate-to-severe injury. Until now, the relevant body of literature on TBI intervention has focused on first-line, invasive treatment options (namely craniectomy and hematoma evacuation) with underwhelming focus on non-invasive therapies following surgical stabilization. Recent advances in our understanding of the impaired brain have encourage [...]

1426 9848

Open Access Review

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Glioblastoma: A Review of Current and Emerging Surgical Technologies

Received: 22 February 2022;  Published: 03 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301160

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is malignant, primary intracranial neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. Maximal, safe cytoreduction remains an important component of effective treatment for patients with this disease; however, some patients are not candidates for resection due to comorbid status, tumor location, or other factors. In this review, we aimed to describe minimally invasive surgical techniques that are emerging as important tools for improving safety and efficiency in GBM cytoreduction, including for patients with [...]

1236 10197

Open Access Original Research

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic’s Effect on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Analysis of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service

Received: 03 October 2022;  Published: 02 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301159

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to a co-occurring psychiatric epidemic. Children and adolescents have been particularly impacted, with disruptions in continuity of learning and healthcare. Psychological stressors such as fear of infection, boredom, decreased socialization, supply shortages, and incomplete information have contributed to low mood, irritability, insomnia, and emotional exhaustion. Our study contributes to this research by quantifying the devastating psychiatric toll that t [...]

1121 7749

Open Access Review

Neural Bypasses: Literature Review and Future Directions in Developing Artificial Neural Connections

Received: 16 November 2022;  Published: 22 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301158

Abstract

Reported neuro-modulation schemes in the literature are typically classified as closed-loop or open-loop. A novel group of recently developed neuro-modulation devices may be better described as a neural bypass, which attempts to transmit neural data from one location of the nervous system to another. The most common form of neural bypasses in the literature utilize EEG recordings of cortical information paired with functional electrical stimulation for effector muscle output, most commonly for assistive application [...]

1925 11352

Open Access Research Article

Single Cell Metabolic Landscape of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Subgroups and Lineages

Received: 04 September 2022;  Published: 20 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301157

Abstract

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumors comprising numerous subtypes whose metabolic profiles have yet to be fully examined. The present in silico study analyzed single-cell expression profiles from 2311 PitNET cells from various lineages and subtypes to elucidate differences in metabolic activities. Gonadotroph tumors exhibited high activities with histidine metabolism, whose activity is low in lactotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors enriched for sulfur and tyrosine metabolism, while [...]

1494 8468

Open Access Short Communication

Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems

Received: 25 October 2022;  Published: 17 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156

Abstract

The article discusses a definition of shared intentionality that reflects recent discoveries for inspiring further translational research in developing bioengineering systems based on human-computer interaction. The child's cognition begins through shared intentionality that occurs in child-caregiver interaction when communication via sensory cues is impossible. There needs to be more knowledge on how it appears. This article argues that shared intentionality is collaborative interactions in which participants shar [...]

1885 23658

Open Access Original Research

Autistic Traits Correlate with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Self-Selected Population Based Survey

Received: 04 October 2022;  Published: 16 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301155

Abstract

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is an increasingly frequent feature in young people. Many exhibit a range of additional physical and psychological features and fulfil criteria for fibromyalgia. Hypermobility, irritable bowel syndrome and migraine are frequent comorbid conditions. These are all in part mediated by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and commonly include fatigue, poor sleep and brain fog. Anxiety, social withdrawal and a range of autistic traits are frequently described by those with chronic mus [...]

3712 59298

Open Access Original Research

Maternal Coping Mechanism and Its Associated Factors Following Perinatal Loss in Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia 2021

Received: 08 December 2022;  Published: 12 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301154

Abstract

Perinatal loss is the most painful and unanticipated experience for those who conceived and it is a major global concern worldwide, especially in developed countries like Ethiopia. Women who lost their pregnancy are believed to be at higher risk of developing severe grief following a loss. To reduce the risk of complications after perinatal loss, healthcare providers need to appreciate the grieving process and identify grief factors in mothers for early copying and to be managed promptly by providing adequate emoti [...]

1300 8379

Open Access Research Article

Membranome Similarity between Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines and Primary Tumors

Received: 27 September 2022;  Published: 03 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301153

Abstract

Genes encoding for proteins associated with the plasma membrane, referred to as the membranome, have long been recognized to play an important role in the development and maintenance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM cell lines are commonly used to mimic tumors for in vitro experiments, but the extent to which they resemble GBM tumors in relation to the membranome is unclear. The present study explores the resemblance of GBM cell lines to primary tumors regarding membranome expression. Gene expression data was [...]

1615 7966

Open Access Research Article

Intrinsic Lexical Intentionality and the Mathematics of Homomorphism

Received: 28 August 2022;  Published: 01 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301152

Abstract

Moisl [1, 2] proposed a model of how the brain implements intrinsic intentionality with respect to lexical and sentence meaning, where 'intrinsic' is understood as 'independent of interpretation by observers external to the cognitive agent'. The discussion in both was mainly philosophical and qualitative; the present paper gives a mathematical account of the distance structure preservation that underlies the proposed mechanism of intrinsic intentionality. The three-layer autoassociative multilayer perceptron (aMLP) [...]

1117 7715

Open Access Original Research

Who Believes in Fake News: A Study on the Relationship between Affective Temperament, Cyberchondria and Problematic Use of the Internet during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 02 November 2022;  Published: 12 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301151

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with various psychological problems, such as Cyberchondria, constant research for information online, to obtain health-related information. This was associated with problematic social media use and various psychological problems. This study aimed to measure the characteristics of fear and anxiety of COVID-19, the generalized approach to online searching and the use of the Internet about the perception of health, during a pandemic. The online survey was disseminated from Apr [...]

1362 9374

Open Access Original Research

Subjective Assessments of the Pandemic Situation and Academic Adaptation of University Students

Received: 13 November 2022;  Published: 09 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301150

Abstract

Students' academic adaptation during the pandemic is the key problem for the educational system. Even though certain success has been achieved in the organization of education with distance learning technologies and additional learning tools, there are still plenty of other difficulties that affect students' adaptation. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of academic adaptation's structure during and before the pandemic and to study the role of subjective assessments of the pandemic situat [...]

1312 8172

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2022

Received: 05 January 2023;  Published: 05 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301149

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication, and they can download a certificate of reco [...]

779 4815

Open Access Research Article

How Pathologists Dealt with the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Received: 14 July 2022;  Published: 14 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204148

Abstract

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, pathologists had to follow new protocols in their work environment around the world to limit or prevent the possibility of transmission of the infection during the autopsy of infected corpses. By using a qualitative research design, in this study, we investigated the emotions, experiences, and opinions of pathologists concerning changes in clinical practices. We specifically investigated their perspective on death. Our results encompassed five thematic areas, which in [...]

1080 6443

Open Access Research Article

Anti-Violence Centers in Italy During the COVID-19 Emergency: Support Strategies for Women Victims of Violence

Received: 16 August 2022;  Published: 30 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted anti-violence centers for women. This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions affect: the assistance and protection functions of the anti-violence centers; the needs of women victims of violence; and the well-being of the professionals working with these women. Twenty-four Italian anti-violence centers were involved, and 29 women working there were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis of the texts, three main themes were identified regardi [...]

1023 7336

Open Access Review

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), and Other Promising Practices in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Evaluation

Received: 11 April 2022;  Published: 15 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146

Abstract

PTSD is a serious mental health condition with a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 14% in the general population. Several studies have evaluated evidence-based treatment approaches for children and adolescents. Interventions focusing on trauma are considered first-line treatments. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and a similar type of group intervention, the Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), have received the most empirical support from randomized controlled trials. More [...]

4171 57669

Open Access Review

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Migraine – How Does It Work and What Can We Learn from It?

Received: 08 August 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204145

Abstract

Although being one of the most common neurological disorders, migraine is commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Current treatments rely on pharmacological approaches, which have been shown not to be effective for all, and so alternative, non-invasive treatments are being sought. Transcranial stimulation could be a possible treatment for migraine. Transcranial electrical stimulation generally involves applying a current to the cortex via the scalp. Whilst this has previously been mostly done in clinical settings, [...]

1112 8598

Open Access Review

Neuroprotective Potentials of Honey for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Received: 31 July 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204144

Abstract

The nectar produced by bees in nature is known as honey and has been consumed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. There is growing evidence that honey and its compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties that are relevant to the maintenance of health and the prevention of illnesses, including cardiocerebrovascular disease. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the major risk factors for diseases such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. [...]

2806 27732

Open Access Review

Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Migraineurs

Received: 19 July 2022;  Published: 26 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to detect changes in the resting-state brain networks of migraine patients. Functional connectivity fMRI analysis examines the functional organization of the brain based on temporal correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in different brain regions. Most previous resting-state fMRI studies have assumed that functional connectivity between brain regions remains relatively stable over time. However, it is now known that the brain is a com [...]

1171 7100

Open Access Original Research

An Empirical Study on the Communication and Usage Psychology of Emoji in Wechat

Received: 30 June 2022;  Published: 17 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142

Abstract

As an indispensable active atmosphere and meaningful emotional expression in social media, emojis describe the emotions of users in specific situations in a funny, humorous, euphemistic, and implicit form and attract users to use them consciously or unconsciously with their quick and convenient features. Currently, the research on the psychology of emoji usage is mostly from the perspective of users, while neglecting the essential attributes of emojis. The purpose of this study was to investigate and summarize the [...]

2047 24404

Open Access Original Research

Challenges and Problems on Self-directed Learning Readiness in Non–face-to-face Educational Settings During COVID-19

Received: 15 June 2022;  Published: 08 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204141

Abstract

This study aimed to verify whether self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level can be significantly predicted by the literacy of learning management system (LLMS), motivation, and feedback interaction (FI) in non–face-to-face educational settings. We performed Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. A total of 206 online college students responded to this web survey using simple random sampling. Results showed that three variables (LLMS, motivation, and FI) were positively associated with [...]

1375 18116

Open Access Original Research

Possible Preventive Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Essential Oil on Some Neurodegenerative Disorders

Received: 10 June 2022;  Published: 08 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204140

Abstract

The present article describes some characteristics of the effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from Ziziphora clinopodioides harvested from Armenian highlands on microglial cell lines (BV-2 wild-type (WT) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1)-deficient (Acox1–/–) cells). The mutant cell line was used as a model to investigate cellular oxidative damage following EO treatment. The main components of the tested EO were pulegone, isomenthone, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, and neomenthole, with concentrations of 42.1%, [...]

1118 7049

Open Access Original Research

Human Attention Assessment Using A Machine Learning Approach with GAN-based Data Augmentation Technique Trained Using a Custom Dataset

Received: 27 May 2022;  Published: 04 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204139

Abstract

Human–robot interactions require the ability of the system to determine if the user is paying attention. However, to train such systems, massive amounts of data are required. In this study, we addressed the issue of data scarcity by constructing a large dataset (containing ~120,000 photographs) for the attention detection task. Then, by using this dataset, we established a powerful baseline system. In addition, we extended the proposed system by adding an auxiliary face detection module and introducing a unique GAN [...]

1418 11727

Open Access Original Research

A Clinical Validity-Preserving Machine Learning Approach for Behavioral Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 31 May 2022;  Published: 30 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203138

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with critical challenges related to social, communication, and behavioral issues. Recent studies have proposed machine learning (ML) techniques for rapid and accurate assessment of ASD. However, the mismatch between the ML techniques and the clinical basis of ASD assessment reduces the effectiveness of ML-based assessment tools. The present study proposed an approach that utilized the potential of ML modeling and preserved the clinical relevan [...]

1431 7812

Open Access Original Research

Computerized Assessment of Cognitive Development in Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Children

Received: 05 July 2022;  Published: 28 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137

Abstract

This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We bel [...]

1744 13087

Open Access Interview

An Interview with Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes

Received: 22 September 2022;  Published: 26 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136

914 5311

Open Access Research Article

Neuroprotective (Antioxidant, Antiamyloidogenic, and Antiexcitatory) Effects of Trévo™ against Cadmium Chloride Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Received: 29 May 2022;  Published: 26 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203135

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is deleterious to brain development as it increases brain aging. Trévo is a multi-herbal supplement that provides various health benefits, including boosting the immune system and detoxification. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Trévo against the neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Thirty male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (administered CdCl2), and Group III (administered Trévo and Cd [...]

981 7821

Open Access Original Research

Modeling of Information Processing in Biomorphic Neuroprocessor

Received: 14 June 2022;  Published: 22 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203134

Abstract

In the present study, we present the results of the modeling of incoming information processing in a neuroprocessor that implements a biomorphic spiking neural network with numerous neurons and trainable synaptic connections between them. Physico-mathematical models of processes of encoding information into biomorphic pulses and their decoding following a neural block into a binary code were developed as well as models of the process of routing the output pulses of neurons by the logic matrix to the synapses of oth [...]

1147 6596

Open Access Commentary

Targeting Neuroplasticity for the Management of Pain and Agitation in Alzheimer’s Disease via Bergamot Nanotherapy

Received: 05 July 2022;  Published: 14 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203133

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 50–70% of cases of dementia worldwide and is a social burden to the affected population. Although several pathogenetic hypotheses have been proposed, evidence favoring the role of aberrant neuroplasticity in the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia is increasing. Specifically, agitation is resistant to treatment and affects the quality of life, also because of the lack of safe and effective treatment for AD. Alterations in pain processing due to [...]

1413 8230

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of Loneliness During the Pandemic: Comparing Various Short Forms of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in South Africa Using Classical Test Theory and Mokken Analysis

Received: 01 May 2022;  Published: 17 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203132

Abstract

An important mental health concern arising from the COVID-19 pandemic was the loneliness resulting from the lockdown measures taken by many countries due to the outbreak. Thus, loneliness needs to be studied in detail for intervention purposes. The UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most widely used measure of loneliness. However, the 20-item measure has some drawbacks, including questionnaire fatigue, especially when used with other measures, and a lack of accurate responses to all items. In this study, we evaluated two [...]

1925 13087

Open Access Short Communication

Migraine in Adolescents: Comparison of Attack Frequency During School and Vacation Periods

Received: 18 May 2022;  Published: 16 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203131

Abstract

This citizen science project CLUE compared the attack frequency between school and vacation periods among adolescents. The data collection process adopted in citizen science projects opens up the possibility of conducting analyses by including a large number of participants over a long period and across different regions. The data on 684 migraine attacks reported by 68 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years were collected using an online platform and smartphone apps. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the distribut [...]

1121 7033

Open Access Original Research

Generalized Resistance Resources in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of Sense of Coherence and Resilience in the Relationship between COVID-19 Fear and Loneliness among Schoolteachers

Received: 30 April 2022;  Published: 15 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203130

Abstract

Fear has been the most common emotional response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and excessive fear is associated with various indices of psychological distress, particularly loneliness. Although most people have experienced pandemic-related fear and distress, certain groups who are on the front of service provision have experienced the pandemic in distinct ways, owing to its impact on the nature of their work. Schoolteachers represent one such group; therefore, it is imperative to identify resources that can safeguard a [...]

1457 9057

Open Access Review

Epilepsy in Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Narrative Review

Received: 18 January 2022;  Published: 22 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203129

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is defined as “A group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems [1].” Between 30-40% of people with cerebral palsy also have epilepsy [2,3,4]. Som [...]

1850 18455

Open Access Case Report

Clival Paraganglioma, Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 30 May 2022;  Published: 07 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203128

Abstract

Paragangliomas are rare tumors that may present with cranial neuropathies when located along the skull base. Supratentorial paragangliomas are less likely to secrete catecholamines but should be worked up, nonetheless. We highlight a case of a female in her fourth decade found to have a petroclival lesion following initial presentation that included one month of tooth pain, dysphagia, diplopia, hoarseness and right hemifacial hypoesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a T2 hyperintense lesio [...]

1493 9400

Open Access Original Research

One Week of Continuous Anesthesia by Propofol (2,6-Diisopropylphenol) Does Not Cause Neurobehavioral Changes after Recovery in the Mexican Axolotl Salamander

Received: 07 March 2022;  Published: 06 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203127

Abstract

The Mexican axolotl salamander is an important model species in regenerative medical research and experiments involving this species often require anesthesia which is usually limited to the duration of the surgical procedure or other interventions, usually lasting no more than a few hours. This study aimed to examine the potential for increasing the duration of anesthesia by continued propofol infusion for a week. Neurobehavioral changes in response to prolonged anesthesia were evaluated after two and seven days of [...]

1220 7791

Open Access Original Research

Psychological Distress due to COVID-19 in the Albanian Adult Population

Received: 02 April 2022;  Published: 06 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203126

Abstract

The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The pandemic had significantly affected public health, and the mental health of people was compromised regardless of age or socioeconomic status. In this study, we measured the psychological distress caused by the pandemic and determined the associated factors. An online survey was conducted from November 16th (2020) to January 31st (2021). The participants were Albanian adults (≥18 years old). The call to participate was poste [...]

1148 8751

Open Access Original Research

Loneliness Among African Migrants Living in Portugal

Received: 23 January 2022;  Published: 08 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202125

Abstract

This study analyzed the degree of loneliness, as well as acculturation and adaptation factors related to it among African migrants. The study sample consisted of 759 migrants (48.5% females) from four ethnocultural groups (Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Guineans, and Mozambicans) living in Portugal. Participants’ mean age was 37 years, and the mean length of sojourn in this country was 21 years. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to evaluate social contacts, language proficiency, ethnic identity, perceiv [...]

1436 10626

Open Access Original Research

Satisfaction with Social Life and Academic Adaptation in Students with Different Types of Loneliness in the Process of Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 25 March 2022;  Published: 01 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202124

Abstract

In an age when publicity is the norm, human loneliness is a significant socio-psychological problem. Objective loneliness (e.g., as experienced during the pandemic) does not always result in subjective loneliness. Subjective loneliness directly influences various aspects of the human psyche and activities. Analysis of satisfaction with social life, as a marker of social well-being and academic adaptation of students with different loneliness types, allows determining the magnitude of subjective loneliness and how i [...]

1466 9895

Open Access Case Report

Use of Measuring Creatinine Kinase in Detection of Emerging Catatonia: Literature Review and Case Series Report

Received: 02 March 2022;  Published: 23 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202123

Abstract

Catatonia, particularly malignant catatonia (MC), continues to manifest in severe sequalae such as hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, cardiovascular collapse and failure, and even death as, although identification of the syndrome has significantly improved once its developed, several precarious factors continue to inhibit prompt and efficacious treatment. In this context, we evaluated the cases of six patients who were treated at our center for eventual MC manifestation with the aim of elucidating a pre-MC sensitive pre [...]

1372 16271

Open Access Case Report

A Case Study on the Development of Math Competence in an Eight-year-old Child with Dyscalculia: Shared Intentionality in Human-Computer Interaction for Online Treatment Via Subitizing

Received: 24 January 2022;  Published: 18 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202122

Abstract

Studies in the field of neuroscience have shown that the neural network responsible for numeracy overlaps with the visual and spatial processing regions. Other studies in psychology also highlighted an association of visual-spatial processing with mathematical competence at the early stages of development. These findings suggest that research on the size of the focal area of attention (consciousness) can contribute to understanding the development of numeracy. In this case study, we verified the hypothesis of devel [...]

1751 14430

Open Access Case Report

Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Malignant Catatonia and Response to Bromocriptine: Case Report

Received: 07 December 2021;  Published: 24 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202121

Abstract

Catatonia and malignant catatonia may result in devastating and life-threatening complications like pulmonary embolisms, pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, rhabdomyolysis, and even death. There have been documented cases implicating alcohol withdrawal as a significant culprit in catatonia. Here, we provide a unique case report of a patient with a complicated medical course, who subsequently developed malignant catatonia secondary to severe alcohol withdrawal, and was successfully treated using both first line treat [...]

1302 10190

Open Access Review

Cerebral Palsy: An Overview of Etiology, Types and Comorbidities

Received: 21 February 2022;  Published: 20 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202120

Abstract

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of childhood disability. CP occurs in 1 out of every 345 children in the United States. CP is primarily a motor disease that is the result of an insult to the brain that occurs during the prenatal or early postnatal period when the brain is still developing. CP is not a single disease but a physical description of motor impairments that originate from multiple etiologies. This article briefly discusses the etiologies, classification and management of the neurologic med [...]

3774 31012

Open Access Original Research

Examining the Social Signaling and Person Perception Functions of Loneliness

Received: 07 January 2022;  Published: 19 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202119

Abstract

Loneliness is a common condition that poses substantial risks to morbidity and mortality. Cacioppo and Cacioppo’s [1] evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL) provides that loneliness serves a social signaling function and also manifests in hypervigilance to threat, which we propose can influence person perception. In this experiment, 480 observers evaluated videotaped self-presentation messages from speakers who scored either high or low on a measure of loneliness. On the basis of ETL, we hypothesized that observer [...]

2465 13339

Open Access Interview

An Interview with Dr. Roy G. Beran

Received: 02 April 2022;  Published: 07 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202118

932 7164

Open Access Short Review

Arterial Elasticity: Linking of Cardiovascular Risks, Pulse Pressure, Dementia, Aging, and Drug Targeting

Received: 08 December 2021;  Published: 29 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201117

Abstract

Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, and several other cardiovascular (or "inflamm-aging" type) diseases, are more frequent and advanced in subjects with Alzheimer's disease compared with normal aging. In addition, the observed pathogenic link to dementia (and its associated cerebral microvascular damage) is readily explained by alterations of arterial elasticity. A therapeutic strategy to delay dementia could be based upon localized drug delivery, using lipid nanocarriers (i.e., biobased nanoemulsion technology), targ [...]

1086 8055

Open Access Review

Neuropathology and Therapeutics Addressing Glaucoma, a Prevalent Retina-Optic Nerve-Brain Disease that Causes Eyesight Impairment and Blindness

Received: 24 January 2022;  Published: 22 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201116

Abstract

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) associated with different forms of glaucoma and chronic ocular hypertension (cOHT) is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerves that project to the brain to transmit visual information. The resultant thinning of the optic nerves cause loss of peripheral vision, which if not halted or slowed, can lead to irreversible blindness. Whilst the precise triggering insult(s) for the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most prevalen [...]

2133 15385

Open Access Review

Analysis of Migraine Pathophysiology by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Received: 25 October 2021;  Published: 08 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201115

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate migraine pathophysiology because it is a non-invasive technique. The main aim of clinical imaging for patients with headaches is to exclude secondary headaches due to organic lesions. Conventional structural imaging techniques such as routine MRI demonstrate white matter lesions, changes in gray matter volume or cortical thickness, and cerebral blood flow in patients with migraine. Changes in metabolite levels are observed by magnetic resonance spectrosc [...]

1426 10352

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2021

Received: 05 January 2022;  Published: 06 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201114

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2021. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate of recognition di [...]

1010 6738

Open Access Communication

Neuronal Coherence Agent for Shared Intentionality: A Hypothesis of Neurobiological Processes Occurring during Social Interaction

Received: 02 October 2021;  Published: 29 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104113

Abstract

The present interdisciplinary study discusses the physical foundations of the neurobiological processes occurring during social interaction. The review of the literature establishes the difference between Intentionality and Intention, thereby proposing the theoretical basis of Shared Intentionality in humans. According to the present study, Shared Intentionality in humans (Goal-directed coherence of biological systems), which is the ability among social organisms to instantly select just one stimulus for the entire [...]

1764 15386

Open Access Review

The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Depression and Suicide Risk in Older Adults

Received: 19 January 2021;  Published: 24 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104112

Abstract

COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths continue to skyrocket across the world, leaving a trail of enduring psychological turmoil. It wreaks havoc on the physical, emotional, and cognitive health of those directly infected, as well as caretakers, friends, and families. Though the pandemic has at least indirectly impacted most people, older adults appear to be the most vulnerable to COVID-19-related deaths and little is known about the psychological consequences. Unfortunately, many of the precautions take [...]

1136 9373

Open Access Review

Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Migraine Therapy

Received: 24 June 2021;  Published: 20 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104111

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles of physical, mental, and behavioral changes regulated and maintained by the internal primary circadian clock, however modifiable by a number of external cues or “zeitgebers”, the most powerful one being light. Core set of clock genes regulate the whole-body metabolism and transcription of over 40% of mammalian RNA, including that for drug transporters, binding and metabolizing proteins responsible for regulation of pharmacokinetics of vast array of medications. Growing amount of [...]

1969 14810

Open Access Original Research

The Relationship between Sensory Reactivity Differences and Mental Health Symptoms in Children with Neurodevelopmental Conditions and Their Neurotypical Peers

Received: 28 July 2021;  Published: 25 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104110

Abstract

Children with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) often have sensory reactivity differences, such as being overwhelmed by sounds, which can elicit distress in their everyday life. Furthermore, children with an NDC often present with a greater frequency of mental health symptoms compared to their typically developing peers. However little research has examined the relationship of these sensory reactivity differences on broader mental health. This study set out to explore the relationship between sensory reactivity a [...]

1907 13670

Open Access Review

Narrative Review of Surgery for Myasthenia Gravis

Received: 25 June 2021;  Published: 15 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104109

Abstract

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by antibody mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Up until the last decade, evidence suggesting benefit of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis has been based on non-randomized control studies. Our paper serves as an expert narrative review of new literature pertaining to surgical management of myasthenia gravis based on review of articles from PubMed and Cochrane database from date of inception through June 14, 2021. We used the MeSH search [...]

1586 12199

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