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Table of Content

Open Access Case Report

Exercise and Psychomotor Rehabilitation in a Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report

Received: 20 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403235

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that impacts an individual's physical, cognitive, and social well-being, ultimately resulting in a decline in independence and functionality. This case report explores how a program combining multimodal physical exercise and psychomotor rehabilitation can improve outcomes in interventions for Alzheimer's disease patients. This approach can enhance treatment effectiveness and provide researchers and practitioners with additional therapeutic options. The participan [...]

1293 11148

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19’s Psychological Threats and Future Career Anxiety among University Students

Received: 17 May 2024;  Published: 30 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403234

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic brought different intolerable and uncomfortable situations that ruined the students' academic performance, career opportunities, and social lives through depression, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental illness. In this study, we examined the psychological threats of the COVID-19 among Egypt’s public-sector university students. We employed quantitative methods in this study and used a questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results show that Fear [...]

939 7784

Open Access Original Research

Investigating the Relationship between Lipid Profiles of Stroke Patients at the Time of Admission and Their Outcome

Received: 07 March 2024;  Published: 19 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403233

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is one of the critical risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. Many studies have emphasized that controlling the lipid level can decrease the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In this article, we studied all types of lipids in stroke patients and wanted to consider any relation between lipid level in admission and outcome. This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Reza Research and Training Hospital. It was performed on a sample of 2165 patients who visited th [...]

810 5306

Open Access Review

The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases

Received: 23 February 2024;  Published: 16 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403232

Abstract

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interaction between GM and b [...]

1003 8196

Open Access Case Report

Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Child with Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study

Received: 19 October 2023;  Published: 15 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403231

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent child and adolescent psychiatric condition characterized by substantial functional impairments. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as the primary therapeutic approach for managing mild to moderate cases of OCD in children and adolescents. Significant advancements have been made in applying CBT specifically to this age group in the past decade. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a core therapeutic technique grounded in the principle that anxiety t [...]

1337 10328

Open Access Original Research

Glasgow Coma Scale Scores and Impact of Delirium on Intubated Seizure Patients Treated with Phenytoin and Lacosamide: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review

Received: 29 November 2023;  Published: 05 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403230

Abstract

Studies have shown that decrease in time intubated is associated with better prognosis. Delirium is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay. However, there is limited report on delirium in intubated seizure patients. As per report, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) increased the risk of delirium and thus increasing ICU length of stay. Information on delirium and outcome in intubated seizure patients receiving lacosamide versus phenytoin is limited. Our re [...]

1326 10910

Open Access Original Research

Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback Rehabilitation for Improving Attention and Working Memory in Female Students with Learning Disabilities

Received: 07 April 2024;  Published: 01 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403229

Abstract

Learning disabilities (LDs) encompass a range of cognitive challenges that can significantly influence students' educational experiences and overall academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation on attention and working memory in female students with learning disabilities. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-tests, post-tests, and a two-month follow-up and included a control group. Convenience sampling was used to select 40 fem [...]

2448 23891

Open Access Original Research

A Technology-Aided Program to Help People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Access Preferred Stimulation and Exercise Motor Responses and Visual Orientation

Received: 14 March 2024;  Published: 28 June 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402228

Abstract

People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are generally isolated, with a high risk of reduced stimulation input and physical inactivity. One of the strategies available to mitigate this situation relies on using technology-aided programs delivering stimulation contingent on people’s basic responses/activation. The two studies reported here were intended to extend the evidence available in this area. Specifically, Study I assessed whether a technology-aided program, which enabled participant [...]

1144 5807

Open Access Original Research

Is Wheelchair Basketball a Symmetric or Asymmetric Sport?

Received: 16 January 2024;  Published: 25 June 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402227

Abstract

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a health and inclusion opportunity for people with disabilities. In the scientific literature, no evidence defines WB as a symmetrical or asymmetrical sport; however, it would be helpful to deepen this aspect because it could improve the quality of training programs and consequently speed up WB performance. In WB, the biomechanical role of the shoulders is crucial. Therefore, the symmetry index and the activation of the bilateral supraspinatus and biceps brachii muscles were investigat [...]

1339 8497

Open Access Review

The Effectiveness of Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques on Quality of Life, Stress, And Anxiety Among Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review

Received: 28 February 2024;  Published: 16 June 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402226

Abstract

The progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMRT) is an active method that is defined as a technique through which individuals gradually cause a feeling of quietness and coolness by actively contracting and loosening specific muscle groups. The purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of using progressive muscle relaxation techniques on quality of life, stress, and anxiety levels among Acute Myocardial Infarction patients. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2013-2023). Databases of P [...]

2371 24493

Open Access Review

Enhancing University Students’ Mental Health under Artificial Intelligence: Principles of Behaviour Therapy

Received: 13 March 2024;  Published: 24 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402225

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among university students has become a growing concern globally. This review explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated with principles of behaviour therapy to address mental health challenges among university students. The paper examines how AI technologies, including chatbots, virtual reality, and machine learning algorithms, can be harnessed to provide accessible, personalized, and effective mental health interventions. Furthermore, it disc [...]

1807 17153

Open Access Original Research

Assessing the Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in a Korean Preschool Teacher Sample

Received: 07 March 2024;  Published: 21 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402224

Abstract

Preschool teachers are at high risk of depression. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on evaluating a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptomatology for this population. One such promising instrument is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), a 21-item self-report measure designed to assess the presence and severity of depression. Although the tool’s psychometric properties have been analyzed in different samples, they have not been validated with a Korean preschool teacher sample. Hence, this [...]

1653 16578

Open Access Review

Red Algae Compounds: Potential Neuroprotective Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Received: 06 March 2024;  Published: 10 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402223

Abstract

This review explores the potential of compounds derived from red algae (Rhodophyta) as promising neuroprotective agents for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Red algae, abundant in marine environments, contain bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures and functionalities. Sulfated polysaccharides, primarily agar and carrageenans, stand out as the predominant and widely utilized compounds derived from red algae. Additionally, red algae harbor a spectrum of potential molecules such as essential fatty a [...]

2273 15572

Open Access Original Research

Determining the Contribution of Physical Activity Constructs in Developing Intention to Exercise among Entrepreneurs

Received: 08 January 2024;  Published: 06 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402222

Abstract

In the present era, a healthy life is a challenge for everyone. Therefore, diverting individuals' minds towards physical activity and exercise is necessary for the day. This paper proposes to inspect the impact of physical activity on the development of intention to exercise (ITE) among entrepreneurs. The quantitative study collected data from 383 Egyptian entrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire. Most respondents were males (n = 257 or 67.10%) against females (n = 126 or 32.90%). The range of age of the respon [...]

1430 6959

Open Access Original Research

Mental Health of Teachers during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Daegu, Korea: Challenges in Reopening Schools

Received: 25 February 2024;  Published: 06 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402221

Abstract

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the psychological states of teachers during the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using data on school mental health projects related to COVID-19 in Daegu from May to June 2020. The participants comprised 811 (34.9%) male and 1,511 (65.1%) female teachers in 1,041 (44.8%) middle and 1,281 (55.2%) high schools. After schools reopened, the most common causes of unbearable stress were unusual experiences, fear of infection, and negative emotions. Moreove [...]

1259 7637

Open Access Original Research

Understanding Mental Health Needs and Predictors of Anxiety in Emirati Female Students in Higher Education

Received: 09 November 2023;  Published: 28 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402220

Abstract

The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress range between 5% to 70% globally. Many students experience these mental health conditions as they go through transitional periods in life, such as starting higher education. This study aimed to explore mental health concerns, specifically depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of sleep, in Emirati female university students, a topic that has been understudied in the Middle East. We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh [...]

1371 10757

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Neuroplasticity, Cognitive Functions and Motor Skills

Received: 20 December 2023;  Published: 25 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402219

Abstract

The research aims to study the mechanisms and factors contributing to brain neuroplasticity. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, hermeneutic method, psychological testing, and comparative and generalization methods. The research results revealed the nature of the concept of brain neuroplasticity and types of neuroplasticity, analyzed the process of redistribution of brain functions, determined the role of compensatory plasticity, revealed methods of studying brain neuropla [...]

1958 28466

Open Access Original Research

Oleuropein can Protect the Brain Against Deleterious Effects of Bile Duct Ligation in Male Mice

Received: 26 December 2023;  Published: 23 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402218

Abstract

Oleuropein (OP) is a phenolic compound in olives. OP possesses potent antioxidant activity and an extensive spectrum of other pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. This study investigated the effects of OP on neural injuries caused by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male mice. The mice were randomly allocated to three groups: sham, BDL, and BDL + OP. Neurobehavioral tests histological and biochemical evaluations were accomplished to assess cerebral damage. The [...]

1236 5334

Open Access Original Research

Compassionate Love for a Romantic Partner among Brazilian College Students

Received: 08 February 2024;  Published: 12 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402217

Abstract

Compassionate love (CL) is a recent subject of close relationships. CL is focused on enlarging beneficence to another. The present study approaches the test of the psychometric characteristics of the shortened form of the Compassionate Love Scale for a partner (CLS-P-SF) for Brazilian college students and its relationships with background and well-being variables. The sample included 217 young adults, 46.1% women and 53.9% men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the single latent factor of the CLS-P-SF is g [...]

1500 6687

Open Access Original Research

Attitudes and Motivations Towards Implantation of Intention Towards Exercise among Entrepreneurs: A Brain Freshness Activity

Received: 19 October 2023;  Published: 10 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402216

Abstract

In the contemporary landscape, developing individuals' attitudes, motivations, and intentions toward exercise and physical activities emerges as an imperative cornerstone for fostering a healthy and thriving lifestyle. The present study examines the effect of the theory of the planned behavior (TPB) constructs on exercise motivation (MT) and intention towards exercise (ITWE) among Egyptian entrepreneurs. The study employed a quantitative approach and collected cross-sectional responses from entrepreneurs throug [...]

1193 5844

Open Access Short Review

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Virtual Reality for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Short Review

Received: 02 November 2023;  Published: 19 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401215

Abstract

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been observed as a complication after cardiac surgery consistently. The ineffectiveness of current treatments for POCD is causing a search for non-invasive alternatives. The present review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how VR methods effectively facilitate the recovery of cognitive functioning in cardiac surgery patients. To obtain information about the effects of VR technology on cognitive functions, we investigated the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sc [...]

1446 6399

Open Access Case Report

Management of Posttraumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak with Secondary Diffuse Pneumocephalus Complicated by Meningitis and Communicating Hydrocephalus – Illustrative Case Report

Received: 10 January 2024;  Published: 13 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401214

Abstract

Rhinorrhea is a possible complication after different types of traumatic brain injury or neurosurgical procedures, such as skull base operations. Pneumocephalus is a rarely noted complication after severe traumatic brain injury, and it may be accompanied by meningitis and ventriculitis, especially when treatment has been delayed. Treatment of these entities includes conservative and surgical approaches. Pneumocephalus may result in neurologic disturbances threatening a life. Therefore, active patient management wit [...]

1104 6068

Open Access Correction

Correction: Tse et al. How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain. OBM Neurobiology 2023; 7: 183

Received: 11 March 2024;  Published: 12 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401213

Abstract

CorrectionCorrection: Tse et al. How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain. OBM Neurobiology 2023; 7: 183Mimi Mun Yee Tse 1, *, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng 2, Vivian Lou 3, Raymond SK Lo 4, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung 5, Paul H Lee 6, Shuk Kwan Tang 7, Siu Hang Leung 1, Percy Poo-See Tse 1* Correspondence: Mimi Mun Yee Tse; E-Mail: mmytse@hkmu.edu.hkAcademic Editors: Ines Testoni, Adriano Zamperini and Lorenza PalazzoSpecial Issue: How COVID-19 Changed Indi [...]

1116 5150

Open Access Original Research

Resilience in Adversity: COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges in Diminishing Entrepreneurial Intentions and Business Startups

Received: 13 November 2023;  Published: 11 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401212

Abstract

In this study, the researchers explore the effects of COVID-19-related challenges, such as fear and anxiety about COVID-19, the uncertainty of COVID-19, and the recognition of business opportunities for entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. This study used quantitative methods and based their findings on 278 usable samples collected from Egyptian entrepreneurs. Employing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SmartPLS4 shows that fear and anxiety arising from the COVID-19 pandemic harm entrepreneur [...]

1392 7650

Open Access Review

The Role of Cognition in Balance Control

Received: 14 September 2023;  Published: 17 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401211

Abstract

Balance is the ability to move and/or preserve a particular position while not falling under external force. Human balance is a complex process of integration and coordination of the sensory, motor, and biomechanical components, which is influenced by intrinsic and exogenous factors. One inherent factor that is hypothesized to have an impact on balance is cognition. However, studies about cognition's role in balance control are still limited, and study literature is needed to gain a better understanding. Cognition [...]

3010 17471

Open Access Editorial

Pain and Neurobiology

Received: 01 February 2024;  Published: 02 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401210

Abstract

Neurobiology is an expansive field of studies encompassing the nervous system's anatomical and physiological aspects [1]. This complex framework's deep study and understanding have facilitated a more intricate comprehension of the interconnections among various nervous system components implicated in pain perception, transmission, modulation, and adaptation.

1302 6248

Open Access Review

The Association between Uric Acid Level and Ischemic Stroke

Received: 11 July 2023;  Published: 16 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401209

Abstract

Stroke is the second and third leading cause of death and disability, respectively, all over the world. It seriously affects patients' lives and brings huge burdens to their families. Ischemic stroke accounts for most of the stroke cases. In the absence of any effective treatment, prevention measures through controlling the risk factors for ischemic stroke become crucial. While uric acid has been reported as an essential risk factor for ischemic stroke, researchers hold inconsistent views regarding the specific ass [...]

1498 9016

Open Access Review

Scope of Nanomaterials in Treating Neurological Disorders

Received: 08 November 2023;  Published: 11 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401208

Abstract

In the last decade, development in nanotechnology has been used intensively. By studying nanotechnology and nanomaterials, we can generate excellent responses in healthcare related to neurological disorders. It also includes easy diagnosis of diseases in their early stages, delivery of genes, and many more. Neurological disorders are one of the most sensitive topics. Therefore, nanomaterials promise to treat neurological disorders as they are highly efficient. Nanomaterials will significantly expand our knowledge o [...]

2506 12560

Open Access Original Research

Neuroprotective Effects and Cognitive Enhancement of Allomargaritarine in 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model

Received: 23 August 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401207

Abstract

Here, we report the results of an investigation of the neuroprotective effects of securinine with tryptamine conjugate-allomargaritarine (2b), previously selected as the leading compound among a wide range of natural derivatives. 2b was synthesized from securinine using various Lewis acids as catalysts. In addition to the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties previously shown for 2b, in this work, in vitro analysis of the biological activity of the compound demonstrated that this conjugate is also able to influ [...]

1624 9089

Open Access Original Research

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Neurology for Web 3.0 and mHealth: A Conceptual Framework

Received: 02 June 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401206

Abstract

According to 2019 WHO data, neurological conditions contribute to 1503.39 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 population. Approximately 57% of office-based physicians use EHR systems and the natural place to incorporate standardized ePRO is into EHR. However, implementing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for neurological conditions is challenging because many patients are elderly, have comorbidities, and experience cognitive impairment. As healthcare digitization increases, we propose a framework for [...]

1482 8020

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Psychological Stress on Personal Income, Physical Health and Entrepreneurial Intentions among Entrepreneurs

Received: 19 September 2023;  Published: 04 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401205

Abstract

Entrepreneurial intention plays a pivotal role within entrepreneurship ecosystems, acting as a catalyst for economic growth and innovation by inspiring individuals to embrace entrepreneurship as a viable career pursuit. The present research delves into the intricate dynamics between stress, entrepreneurial intention, personal income, and physical health within Egypt's entrepreneurial landscape. Grounded in a quantitative analysis of 286 valid samples and utilizing SmartPLS 4, this study unveils compelling insights. [...]

2222 11966

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2023

Received: 03 January 2024;  Published: 02 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401204

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2023. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the [...]

1007 4426

Open Access Original Research

Interactive Technology to Help People with Multiple Disabilities Practice Relevant Physical Responses within an Occupational Task

Received: 09 October 2023;  Published: 02 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401203

Abstract

This study adapted a new interactive technology system to help six participants with intellectual disability and visual and motor impairments to exercise relevant physical responses as part of an occupational task. The task was to place objects into different containers from a sitting position. The responses, which changed across sessions, consisted of the participants (a) stretching the left arm and shoulder to place objects in a container located to their left, (b) stretching the right arm and shoulder to place o [...]

1431 6819

Open Access Concept Paper

An Overview of Recent Technology-Aided Intervention Strategies to Help People with Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Meet Relevant Rehabilitation Goals

Received: 09 September 2023;  Published: 15 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304202

Abstract

The paper presents an overview of recent studies assessing technology-aided strategies aimed at helping people with intellectual and multiple disabilities reach relevant rehabilitation goals. The 16 studies included in the paper addressed four specific rehabilitation goals, that is, (a) performance of functional activities, (b) access to leisure and communication and performance of functional activities, (c) increase of adaptive responses and decrease of problem behavior or inadequate posture, and (d) increase of a [...]

1590 7768

Open Access Short Communication

Targeted MRI (tMRI) of Small Increases in the T1 of Normal Appearing White Matter in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Using a Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequence

Received: 30 June 2023;  Published: 14 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304201

Abstract

In modelling studies targeted MRI (tMRI) of small increases in the T1 of tissues using divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) sequences show ten or more times the contrast seen with conventional IR sequences. This may be particularly useful in imaging normal appearing white matter where there may be small changes in T1 and/or T2 in disease but these changes may be insufficient to produce useful contrast with conventional T2-weighted spin echo (T2-wSE) and T2-FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequ [...]

1671 8941

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Ficus Platyphylla-Induced Hypothermia on Long-term Functional Recovery after Ischaemic Stroke

Received: 19 October 2023;  Published: 05 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304200

Abstract

A stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that results from a blockage in the blood supply to part of the brain or a burst blood vessel in the brain. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with an annual mortality rate of about 5.5 million. Antithrombotic therapies have failed to provide a cure for this debilitating cerebrovascular disorder, and hypothermia is gaining interest as a novel strategy for the management of stroke. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Ficus platyphylla-induced hypothermia o [...]

1188 6538

Open Access Original Research

Association between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience in Frontline Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam

Received: 11 October 2023;  Published: 30 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304199

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a considerable burden on frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), thus increasing their vulnerability to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our study aimed to examine the relationship between possible PTSD symptoms and resilience and identify associated factors with possible PTSD symptoms among Vietnamese frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional study across medical facilities at three administrative levels: provincial, district, [...]

1368 7771

Open Access Review

Understanding the Potentiality of Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Disorders Detection and Diagnostics

Received: 09 April 2022;  Published: 29 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304198

Abstract

Today, the advancement of assessment, forecasting, and therapy or medical attention for psychological healthcare is already using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly machine learning, due to the introduction of digital tools to treat mental health conditions. In mental health treatment, the present and the future of artificial intelligence technologies hold both enormous promises and potential dangers. With the current global scenario, psychological disorders like clinical depression, general anxi [...]

2136 10959

Open Access Original Research

Anxiety, Stress and Depression as the Notorious Barriers to Achieving a Massive Performance among Egyptian Construction Site Workers

Received: 25 August 2023;  Published: 24 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304197

Abstract

In today's corporate landscape, optimizing performance has emerged as a formidable challenge for organizations, often hindered by formidable barriers and psychological factors. This study explores the role of anxiety, stress, and depression in attaining performance among Egyptian construction site workers. The quantitative analysis utilizes cross-sectional data collected from workers working at different construction sites in Egypt. The study concludes with findings from 298 valid cases. Leveraging the structur [...]

1137 8012

Open Access Research Article

Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index among University Students in Korea

Received: 12 July 2023;  Published: 21 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304196

Abstract

Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint in clinical practice, affecting both the physical and mental health of patients as well as many aspects of their life quality. Young adults, especially university students, are prone to a high prevalence of poor sleep quality or insomnia. Accurate assessment of insomnia severity among university students has become an important issue. One promising screening tool to identify clinically significant insomnia in the campus setting is the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a seve [...]

1848 13591

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of a Person's Social Success Through the Characteristics of Interpersonal Relationships in A Virtual Environment

Received: 30 April 2023;  Published: 13 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304195

Abstract

The sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has convincingly proved the role of social networks in human life activity as an actor of interpersonal relations. The need for isolation and the limitation of face-to-face communication between people has significantly transformed the system of interpersonal connections through an extensive increase in social contacts in the virtual environment and the growing importance of online social services. In the study, we addressed the problem of diagnosing the indicator of socia [...]

1142 7075

Open Access Review

Rehabilitation of Chronic Pain in Post-Critical Care Patients. A Narrative Review

Received: 11 April 2023;  Published: 08 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304194

Abstract

Chronic pain in post-critical care patients is a multifaceted issue with profound implications for patient well-being and quality of life. This review aims to address the rehabilitation of patients who suffer from chronic pain following discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite growing awareness of the prevalence and impact of this condition, significant gaps in knowledge persist regarding the optimal rehabilitation strategies for these patients. To conduct this study, an extensive literature search was [...]

1418 9201

Open Access Review

Building Resilience in Students: Managed and Minimised Stress in Students

Received: 07 March 2023;  Published: 07 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304193

Abstract

Stressful events in students' and teachers' personal, academic, and professional lives are widespread. The paper discusses many effective methods and techniques for correcting and preventing stress that are simple to learn and practice. They give good results in working with children, adolescents, and youths in training and education. Some practices are more complex and require more attention and effort to understand and master them, but they also have broader capabilities in various situations. Therefore, training [...]

3276 19903

Open Access Short Communication

Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception

Received: 09 May 2023;  Published: 02 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192

Abstract

The theoretical study observes literature to understand whether or not low-frequency oscillations can simultaneously alter the excitability of neurons from peripheral nervous subsystems in different individuals to provide Shared Intentionality in recipients (e.g., fetuses and newborns) and what are the attributes of ecological context for Shared Intentionality. To grasp the perception of objects during environmental learning at the onset of cognition, a fetus needs exogenous factors that could stimulate her nervous [...]

1649 18649

Open Access Review

Technological Resources for Early Intervention in Cases of Dyscalculia: A Deductive-Inductive Categorization

Received: 29 May 2023;  Published: 23 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304191

Abstract

Dyscalculia is a math learning disability that significantly interferes with students' academic performance and math-related aspects of their daily lives. Early diagnosis and the design of intervention programs adapted to the needs of each case are essential. In this sense, multiple technological resources are created to address both issues. Still, it is difficult to identify which characteristics they share and which are more relevant regarding didactic suitability. Given this situation, this research proposes cat [...]

2184 16718

Open Access Research Article

Factor Structure of ASD Symptoms in Russian 3-4-Year-Olds

Received: 08 June 2023;  Published: 19 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304190

Abstract

The study aims to reveal autism vectors that are inherent in 3-4-year-olds with ASD. Three hundred eighty-three children with ASD took part in the research. An online questionnaire developed earlier by our research group was used. In the first stage, with the repeated use of exploratory factor analysis, the task of identifying the simplest factor structure was solved. As a result, a 7-factor system was obtained, including from 9 to 14 items in each factor (78 items in total): 1) "Persistence on sameness" (Sam); 2) [...]

1680 8511

Open Access Technical Note

A New Computer-Aided Method for Assessing Children's Cognition in Bioengineering Systems for Diagnosing Developmental Delay

Received: 05 April 2023;  Published: 18 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304189

Abstract

This pilot study (n = 19) examines fidelity rates of the new computer-aided method of diagnosing cognitive development delay in 3-to-6-year-old children. The small-scale research repeats the methodological components of the previous two studies, only changing the data collection process by introducing the baseline value (BV). Experimental data show a significant increase of 9.4 times in the shared intentionality magnitude in neurodivergent children. The results support the hypothesis that the bioengineering system [...]

1310 10339

Open Access Case Report

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Report

Received: 10 May 2023;  Published: 13 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304188

Abstract

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Malignant Catatonia (MC) are conditions with significant overlap and are classically characterized by autonomic dysfunction, rigidity, bradyreflexia, posturing, lead-pipe rigidity in the former and waxy flexibility in the latter, stereotyping, an increase in creatinine kinase, and/or leukocytosis. Onset after inciting factor ranges from days to weeks, as does resolution with appropriate treatment. The overlap in symptomatology with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a f [...]

1442 10289

Open Access Short Communication

Rethinking Driving Assessment: A Hypothesis-Driven Proposal for Cognitive Evaluation

Received: 31 March 2023;  Published: 10 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304187

Abstract

Driving is a critical aspect of personal mobility and autonomy, but ensuring road safety requires a comprehensive evaluation of driving abilities beyond self-reported behaviors and practical skills. This article emphasizes the importance of cognitive assessment in determining fitness to drive and explores the potential benefits of using digital tools for such evaluations to enhance road safety. Implementing these digital tools does come with challenges, such as unfamiliarity with digital cognitive reviews for some [...]

1728 10072

Open Access Original Research

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Ginkgo Biloba Against Crystal Structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)

Received: 07 July 2023;  Published: 09 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304186

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) spreads rapidly across the globe, causing almost 2.8 million cases worldwide. Many drugs and inhibitors, such as dronabinol and nabilone, have been used to treat MS, but there is no effective treatment for MS till now as these medications can cause severe side effects. So, we tested different compounds from Ginkgo biloba to inhibit the symptoms caused by MS as an herbal treatment. We targeted the Crystal structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as it has shown some excellent results [...]

1456 9229

Open Access Short Communication

Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 05 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185

Abstract

The theoretical article aims to develop knowledge about the modulation of shared intentionality at the cellular level. A hypothesis about the neurobiological processes during shared intentionality argues that this pre-perceptual communication occurs through nonlocal neuronal coupling in an ecosystem that can be described as the mother-fetus communication model. The current theoretical study analyses literature to discuss recent findings on the effect of oscillations on neuronal temporal coordination to verify wheth [...]

1765 33021

Open Access Research Article

Demographic Factors, COVID-19-related Factors, and PTSD Symptom Clusters: Exploring Associations and Implications for Mental Health

Received: 26 April 2023;  Published: 25 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303184

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized as a continuous traumatic stressor and associated with high levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines the associations between demographic factors, COVID-19-related factors (fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress), and PTSD, as well as the associations between PTSD and indices of mental health. The participants in the study were university students (n = 322) who completed the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5), the Fear [...]

1138 6102

Open Access Research Article

How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services & the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain

Received: 02 August 2023;  Published: 15 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303183

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic started at the beginning of 2020. It significantly impacted the older adults in Hong Kong, with most of the community centers and elderly centers being closed down under various restrictive measures. Thus, community-based health promotion activities were temporarily paused, which decreased older adults’ health-promoting behaviors and motivation to stay active. This research aimed to improve the quality of life and the health of older adults with chronic pain through the pain management program [...]

1293 7067

Open Access Original Research

Affinity for Technology Relates to Group Cohesion for New, But Not Existing, Groups

Received: 14 April 2023;  Published: 07 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303182

Abstract

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world mandated shutdowns and social distancing, limiting how much people could see other people outside of their household. Because of this, people had negative mental health outcomes, and many people turned to technology to maintain connections and create new ones. In this paper, we examine the relationship between technology, mental health, and group cohesion with existing groups (N = 202) and new groups (N = 74). We surveyed U.S. participants in June 2020 [...]

1310 7458

Open Access Review

Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications

Received: 13 April 2023;  Published: 27 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181

Abstract

This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in inver [...]

1459 8441

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of Interpersonal Relationships of Social Network Users Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods

Received: 27 April 2023;  Published: 24 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180

Abstract

The emergence of the social networking phenomenon and the sudden spread of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) around the world have significantly affected the transformation of the system of interpersonal relations, partly shifting them towards virtual reality. Online social networks have greatly expanded the boundaries of human interpersonal interaction and initiated processes of integration of different cultures. As a result, research into the possibilities of predicting human behavior through the characteristic [...]

1681 11435

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19 Milieu and Its Psychological Effects on the Environmental Performance

Received: 03 June 2023;  Published: 22 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303179

Abstract

COVID-19 brought significant challenges that have ruined almost all segments of the economy and the environment. The present paper explores the COVID-19 milieu and its impacts the environmental performance (EP). We targeted managers of the Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Saudi Arabia to get online responses. Using the path analysis, the findings reveal a significant negative effect of the factors such as perception of COVID-19 (PoCVD), innovation capability (IC), environmental concern (EC) and the fear [...]

881 5445

Open Access Original Research

“Welcome to Our World”: Experiences of Persons Living with Dementia Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 10 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303178

Abstract

People diagnosed with dementia are experts on living with the disease, yet their perspectives are often overlooked in research and practice. The pandemic has amplified health inequities among older adults, but the impact of the pandemic on the lived experience of people living with dementia remains unclear. This qualitative study used a series of 2 virtual focus groups with people living with dementia (N = 7) to explore challenging situations and emotions experienced by community-dwelling people living with dementi [...]

1279 7124

Open Access Original Research

The Psychometric Properties of the COVID Stress Scales in Korean University Students

Received: 13 April 2023;  Published: 07 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303177

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated disruptions have significantly impacted university students’ lives worldwide. The COVID Stress Scale (CSS) is a 36-item self-reporting instrument designed to measure stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study purposed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CSS for use with Korean university students. The study sample comprised 402 undergraduate students enrolled in a four-year private university in central South Korea. This cross-sectiona [...]

1009 6433

Open Access Original Research

Substance Use Disorder, Alexithymia, and Personality Disorders, What is the Link? Pilot African Study

Received: 17 January 2023;  Published: 04 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303176

Abstract

Alexithymia and personality disorders are common in substance use (SUD) patients. This association remains understudied and is considered to hurt the course and management of substance use disorder patients. To determine the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and alexithymia in addiction care patients. Besides, we targeted investigating a possible link between alexithymia, different personality disorders and clinical aspects of substance use disorder including severity. This cross-sectional study was conducte [...]

1422 9568

Open Access Review

Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in General Population During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 31 May 2023;  Published: 21 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303175

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, global populations have experienced quarantine and lockdown restrictions, adversely affecting individuals' psychological well-being. This comprehensive review aims to estimate the prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) within the general population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing the PRISMA guideline, the databases PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar were used in the data extraction process, and publications from December [...]

1500 12401

Open Access Original Research

Quantum and Component Analysis of P3a and P3b from Auditory Single Trial ERPs Differentiates Borderline Personality Disorder from Schizophrenia

Received: 09 April 2023;  Published: 13 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303174

Abstract

Traditional approaches to EEG modelling use the methods of classical physics to reconstruct scalp potentials in terms of explicit physical models of cortical neuron ensembles. The principal difficulty with such approaches is that the multiplicity of cellular processes, with an intricate array of deterministic and random influencing factors, prevents the creation of consistent biophysical parameter sets. An original, empirically testable solution has been achieved in our previous studies by a radical departure from [...]

1431 8426

Open Access Original Research

Predicting Suicide Risk among South African University Students: Optimal Cutoff Score for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

Received: 28 April 2023;  Published: 03 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303173

Abstract

University students have been identified as a particularly vulnerable group for adverse mental health outcomes owing to the distinctive implications of the COVID-19 prevention measures on the educational sector. Even prior to the pandemic, university students were identified as being at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes and suicidality. Although various factors can enhance the risk of suicide, one of the strongest predictors of suicidality is the presence of depressive symptomology. The current stud [...]

1236 7212

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Efficacy of Emerging Computer Technologies in Inclusive Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 05 March 2023;  Published: 05 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302172

Abstract

Including learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream classrooms is associated with challenges that could impede their academic participation. However, studies have shown the value of inclusive education, especially when supported with computer technologies, learners with ASD can effectively learn alongside their non-autistic peers. Despite that, there has been minimal research on ASD inclusion with emerging computer technologies. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the appli [...]

2906 21832

Open Access Original Research

Is Electrocatheter-Mediated High-Voltage Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Dorsal Root Ganglion an Effective Adjuvant to Epidural Adhesiolysis in the Treatment of Chronic Lumbosacral Radicular Pain? A Retrospective Analysis

Received: 19 November 2022;  Published: 29 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302171

Abstract

This study aims to determine if high-voltage PRF could effectively adjunct epidural adhesiolysis (EA) in treating patients with chronic lumbosacral radiating pain (LSRP) and neuropathic characteristics. A total of 409 patients suffering from a single leg-radiating pain lasting for > six months and unresponsive to previous treatments were divided into three different groups: Group 1 consisted of 227 patients suffering from LSRP in lumbar stenosis, 84 treated with EA alone and 143 with PRF-EA; group 2 consisted of [...]

1231 7163

Open Access Original Research

Headache Frequency and Pain Severity Following a Nerve Stimulator Implant for Chronic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 14 November 2022;  Published: 23 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302170

Abstract

Migraines affect approximately one billion individuals worldwide. Implanted nerve stimulator devices can provide relief to some individuals who have chronic migraines refractory to other treatments. This study defines the change in headache pain severity and headache frequency following implanted nerve stimulator treatment in chronic migraineurs. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of six databases was performed to identify all clinical trials treating at least 10 chronic migraineurs with an implanted nerve stimul [...]

1941 10303

Open Access Original Research

A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Postpartum Women's Level of Anxiety, Depression and Breastfeeding Duration

Received: 06 January 2023;  Published: 15 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302169

Abstract

Pregnancy and postpartum periods are known as sensitive periods in women’s life and COVID-19 pandemic seems to be worsening their mental health with major impacts on exclusive breastfeeding duration. Therefore, the present study aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the links between postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms and breastfeeding duration as well as the associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted between November and [...]

1251 8521

Open Access Case Report

Case Report of a Severe Presentation of Anti-Contactin-1 Nodopathy

Received: 15 November 2022;  Published: 08 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302168

Abstract

A 46-year-old, previously healthy woman presented via telemedicine with 14 months of progressive asymmetrical weakness, numbness, paresthesias and tremors. History and clinical exam findings suggested a peripheral etiology resembling a variant CIDP presentation. Electrodiagnostic testing identified only one motor nerve with signs of demyelination; the remainder of motor and sensory nerves were unable to be evoked. MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the trigeminal nerve and cauda equina. CSF revealed albuminocytologi [...]

1385 9030

Open Access Conference Report

Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality: Towards Bioengineering Systems Development

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 28 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302167

Abstract

This expanded conference paper reports the results of a psychophysiological research study on shared intentionality conducted in 24 online experiments with 405 subjects (208 recipients and 197 contributor-confederates). In this research, we created a bioengineering system for assessing shared intentionality in human groups by modeling mother-neonate dyad properties in subjects during solving unintelligible multiple-choice puzzles. In this model, only the mother (contributor-confederate) knows the correct stimulus a [...]

1474 14824

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19 Mental Health Impact and Readiness to Be Vaccinated Among Medical Academic Staff in Non-EU and EU Countries

Received: 18 January 2023;  Published: 10 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302166

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the worst public health catastrophe in recent history, impacting people's mental health and increasing concern over vaccinations. Between early May and late June 2021, a web-based survey that included higher education institutions from three countries (Albania, Belgium, and Cyprus) was conducted. The purpose was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of academic staff, what affects their readiness to get the COVID-19 vaccine, and whether there is a l [...]

1232 7317

Open Access Research Article

Coping and Managing ALS Disease in the Family during COVID-19: Caregivers' Perspective

Received: 13 November 2022;  Published: 31 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301165

Abstract

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, the nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord that enable voluntary muscle movement. Managing ALS is complex and increasingly requires informal care, most often by the patient's companions/spouses or children. The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional critical issues, particularly the disruption of home care and the increased time caregivers spent on patient care. One aim of this research was to assess caregiv [...]

1243 8870

Open Access Original Research

How Involvement in COVID-19-Related Work Changed Nurses' Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Associations with Burnout: Evidence from China 1

Received: 09 January 2023;  Published: 27 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301164

Abstract

China adopted a “Zero-COVID” policy for nearly three years, making Chinese healthcare workers constantly involved in COVID-19-related work. However, little is known about how involvement in COVID-19-related work shaped Chinese nurses’ burnout. This study explores how nurses’ job demands and job resources are associated with their burnout by considering high and low frequent involvements in COVID-19-related work in China. This study employed a cross-sessional design. Guided by Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model, we d [...]

1391 8898

Open Access Review

New Technologies to Support People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Selective Review

Received: 04 September 2022;  Published: 13 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301163

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders represent a cluster of conditions first diagnosed during childhood or adolescence (i.e., including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, motor deficits, and communication deficits). The main characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders is the presence of a deficit or a delay in the acquisition of skills that may affect different areas of evolution (e.g., cognitive, affective, and motor). These clinical conditions make the child or adolescent passive, isolated, and unable [...]

1770 11735

Open Access Research Article

Trauma and Distress on a Cruise during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Italian and French Tourists

Received: 24 July 2022;  Published: 10 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301162

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our daily lives. One of the sectors most affected was tourism and travel – and, more specifically, cruises, given the prolonged time passengers spend with others within the small spaces of the cruise ship. While finding well-organised entertainment opportunities on cruises is possible, emergency conditions may cause panic. On such occasions, reactions can be highly stressful or even traumatic. This research explores the events and emotions experienced by passengers duri [...]

1051 7170

Open Access Review

Neurostimulation for Traumatic Brain Injury: Emerging Innovation

Received: 07 October 2022;  Published: 06 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301161

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant source of brain deficit and death among neurosurgical patients, with limited prospects for functional recovery in the cases of moderate-to-severe injury. Until now, the relevant body of literature on TBI intervention has focused on first-line, invasive treatment options (namely craniectomy and hematoma evacuation) with underwhelming focus on non-invasive therapies following surgical stabilization. Recent advances in our understanding of the impaired brain have encourage [...]

1586 10536

Open Access Review

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Glioblastoma: A Review of Current and Emerging Surgical Technologies

Received: 22 February 2022;  Published: 03 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301160

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is malignant, primary intracranial neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. Maximal, safe cytoreduction remains an important component of effective treatment for patients with this disease; however, some patients are not candidates for resection due to comorbid status, tumor location, or other factors. In this review, we aimed to describe minimally invasive surgical techniques that are emerging as important tools for improving safety and efficiency in GBM cytoreduction, including for patients with [...]

1477 11114

Open Access Original Research

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic’s Effect on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Analysis of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service

Received: 03 October 2022;  Published: 02 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301159

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to a co-occurring psychiatric epidemic. Children and adolescents have been particularly impacted, with disruptions in continuity of learning and healthcare. Psychological stressors such as fear of infection, boredom, decreased socialization, supply shortages, and incomplete information have contributed to low mood, irritability, insomnia, and emotional exhaustion. Our study contributes to this research by quantifying the devastating psychiatric toll that t [...]

1271 8216

Open Access Review

Neural Bypasses: Literature Review and Future Directions in Developing Artificial Neural Connections

Received: 16 November 2022;  Published: 22 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301158

Abstract

Reported neuro-modulation schemes in the literature are typically classified as closed-loop or open-loop. A novel group of recently developed neuro-modulation devices may be better described as a neural bypass, which attempts to transmit neural data from one location of the nervous system to another. The most common form of neural bypasses in the literature utilize EEG recordings of cortical information paired with functional electrical stimulation for effector muscle output, most commonly for assistive application [...]

2140 12239

Open Access Research Article

Single Cell Metabolic Landscape of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Subgroups and Lineages

Received: 04 September 2022;  Published: 20 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301157

Abstract

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumors comprising numerous subtypes whose metabolic profiles have yet to be fully examined. The present in silico study analyzed single-cell expression profiles from 2311 PitNET cells from various lineages and subtypes to elucidate differences in metabolic activities. Gonadotroph tumors exhibited high activities with histidine metabolism, whose activity is low in lactotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors enriched for sulfur and tyrosine metabolism, while [...]

1685 9322

Open Access Short Communication

Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems

Received: 25 October 2022;  Published: 17 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156

Abstract

The article discusses a definition of shared intentionality that reflects recent discoveries for inspiring further translational research in developing bioengineering systems based on human-computer interaction. The child's cognition begins through shared intentionality that occurs in child-caregiver interaction when communication via sensory cues is impossible. There needs to be more knowledge on how it appears. This article argues that shared intentionality is collaborative interactions in which participants shar [...]

2095 24717

Open Access Original Research

Autistic Traits Correlate with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Self-Selected Population Based Survey

Received: 04 October 2022;  Published: 16 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301155

Abstract

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is an increasingly frequent feature in young people. Many exhibit a range of additional physical and psychological features and fulfil criteria for fibromyalgia. Hypermobility, irritable bowel syndrome and migraine are frequent comorbid conditions. These are all in part mediated by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and commonly include fatigue, poor sleep and brain fog. Anxiety, social withdrawal and a range of autistic traits are frequently described by those with chronic mus [...]

4672 62800

Open Access Original Research

Maternal Coping Mechanism and Its Associated Factors Following Perinatal Loss in Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia 2021

Received: 08 December 2022;  Published: 12 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301154

Abstract

Perinatal loss is the most painful and unanticipated experience for those who conceived and it is a major global concern worldwide, especially in developed countries like Ethiopia. Women who lost their pregnancy are believed to be at higher risk of developing severe grief following a loss. To reduce the risk of complications after perinatal loss, healthcare providers need to appreciate the grieving process and identify grief factors in mothers for early copying and to be managed promptly by providing adequate emoti [...]

1511 8984

Open Access Research Article

Membranome Similarity between Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines and Primary Tumors

Received: 27 September 2022;  Published: 03 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301153

Abstract

Genes encoding for proteins associated with the plasma membrane, referred to as the membranome, have long been recognized to play an important role in the development and maintenance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM cell lines are commonly used to mimic tumors for in vitro experiments, but the extent to which they resemble GBM tumors in relation to the membranome is unclear. The present study explores the resemblance of GBM cell lines to primary tumors regarding membranome expression. Gene expression data was [...]

1795 8610

Open Access Research Article

Intrinsic Lexical Intentionality and the Mathematics of Homomorphism

Received: 28 August 2022;  Published: 01 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301152

Abstract

Moisl [1, 2] proposed a model of how the brain implements intrinsic intentionality with respect to lexical and sentence meaning, where 'intrinsic' is understood as 'independent of interpretation by observers external to the cognitive agent'. The discussion in both was mainly philosophical and qualitative; the present paper gives a mathematical account of the distance structure preservation that underlies the proposed mechanism of intrinsic intentionality. The three-layer autoassociative multilayer perceptron (aMLP) [...]

1261 8855

Open Access Original Research

Who Believes in Fake News: A Study on the Relationship between Affective Temperament, Cyberchondria and Problematic Use of the Internet during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 02 November 2022;  Published: 12 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301151

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with various psychological problems, such as Cyberchondria, constant research for information online, to obtain health-related information. This was associated with problematic social media use and various psychological problems. This study aimed to measure the characteristics of fear and anxiety of COVID-19, the generalized approach to online searching and the use of the Internet about the perception of health, during a pandemic. The online survey was disseminated from Apr [...]

1473 9812

Open Access Original Research

Subjective Assessments of the Pandemic Situation and Academic Adaptation of University Students

Received: 13 November 2022;  Published: 09 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301150

Abstract

Students' academic adaptation during the pandemic is the key problem for the educational system. Even though certain success has been achieved in the organization of education with distance learning technologies and additional learning tools, there are still plenty of other difficulties that affect students' adaptation. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of academic adaptation's structure during and before the pandemic and to study the role of subjective assessments of the pandemic situat [...]

1503 8728

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2022

Received: 05 January 2023;  Published: 05 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301149

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication, and they can download a certificate of reco [...]

916 5133

Open Access Research Article

How Pathologists Dealt with the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Received: 14 July 2022;  Published: 14 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204148

Abstract

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, pathologists had to follow new protocols in their work environment around the world to limit or prevent the possibility of transmission of the infection during the autopsy of infected corpses. By using a qualitative research design, in this study, we investigated the emotions, experiences, and opinions of pathologists concerning changes in clinical practices. We specifically investigated their perspective on death. Our results encompassed five thematic areas, which in [...]

1254 6865

Open Access Research Article

Anti-Violence Centers in Italy During the COVID-19 Emergency: Support Strategies for Women Victims of Violence

Received: 16 August 2022;  Published: 30 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted anti-violence centers for women. This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions affect: the assistance and protection functions of the anti-violence centers; the needs of women victims of violence; and the well-being of the professionals working with these women. Twenty-four Italian anti-violence centers were involved, and 29 women working there were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis of the texts, three main themes were identified regardi [...]

1158 7800

Open Access Review

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), and Other Promising Practices in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Evaluation

Received: 11 April 2022;  Published: 15 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146

Abstract

PTSD is a serious mental health condition with a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 14% in the general population. Several studies have evaluated evidence-based treatment approaches for children and adolescents. Interventions focusing on trauma are considered first-line treatments. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and a similar type of group intervention, the Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Trauma in Schools (CBITS), have received the most empirical support from randomized controlled trials. More [...]

5208 65550

Open Access Review

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Migraine – How Does It Work and What Can We Learn from It?

Received: 08 August 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204145

Abstract

Although being one of the most common neurological disorders, migraine is commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Current treatments rely on pharmacological approaches, which have been shown not to be effective for all, and so alternative, non-invasive treatments are being sought. Transcranial stimulation could be a possible treatment for migraine. Transcranial electrical stimulation generally involves applying a current to the cortex via the scalp. Whilst this has previously been mostly done in clinical settings, [...]

1283 9348

Open Access Review

Neuroprotective Potentials of Honey for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Received: 31 July 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204144

Abstract

The nectar produced by bees in nature is known as honey and has been consumed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. There is growing evidence that honey and its compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties that are relevant to the maintenance of health and the prevention of illnesses, including cardiocerebrovascular disease. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the major risk factors for diseases such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. [...]

3323 29929

Open Access Review

Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Migraineurs

Received: 19 July 2022;  Published: 26 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204143

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to detect changes in the resting-state brain networks of migraine patients. Functional connectivity fMRI analysis examines the functional organization of the brain based on temporal correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes in different brain regions. Most previous resting-state fMRI studies have assumed that functional connectivity between brain regions remains relatively stable over time. However, it is now known that the brain is a com [...]

1558 8036

Open Access Original Research

An Empirical Study on the Communication and Usage Psychology of Emoji in Wechat

Received: 30 June 2022;  Published: 17 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142

Abstract

As an indispensable active atmosphere and meaningful emotional expression in social media, emojis describe the emotions of users in specific situations in a funny, humorous, euphemistic, and implicit form and attract users to use them consciously or unconsciously with their quick and convenient features. Currently, the research on the psychology of emoji usage is mostly from the perspective of users, while neglecting the essential attributes of emojis. The purpose of this study was to investigate and summarize the [...]

2338 25941

Open Access Original Research

Challenges and Problems on Self-directed Learning Readiness in Non–face-to-face Educational Settings During COVID-19

Received: 15 June 2022;  Published: 08 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204141

Abstract

This study aimed to verify whether self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level can be significantly predicted by the literacy of learning management system (LLMS), motivation, and feedback interaction (FI) in non–face-to-face educational settings. We performed Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. A total of 206 online college students responded to this web survey using simple random sampling. Results showed that three variables (LLMS, motivation, and FI) were positively associated with [...]

1569 19005

Open Access Original Research

Possible Preventive Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Essential Oil on Some Neurodegenerative Disorders

Received: 10 June 2022;  Published: 08 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204140

Abstract

The present article describes some characteristics of the effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from Ziziphora clinopodioides harvested from Armenian highlands on microglial cell lines (BV-2 wild-type (WT) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1)-deficient (Acox1–/–) cells). The mutant cell line was used as a model to investigate cellular oxidative damage following EO treatment. The main components of the tested EO were pulegone, isomenthone, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, and neomenthole, with concentrations of 42.1%, [...]

1294 7550

Open Access Original Research

Human Attention Assessment Using A Machine Learning Approach with GAN-based Data Augmentation Technique Trained Using a Custom Dataset

Received: 27 May 2022;  Published: 04 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204139

Abstract

Human–robot interactions require the ability of the system to determine if the user is paying attention. However, to train such systems, massive amounts of data are required. In this study, we addressed the issue of data scarcity by constructing a large dataset (containing ~120,000 photographs) for the attention detection task. Then, by using this dataset, we established a powerful baseline system. In addition, we extended the proposed system by adding an auxiliary face detection module and introducing a unique GAN [...]

1601 12611

Open Access Original Research

A Clinical Validity-Preserving Machine Learning Approach for Behavioral Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 31 May 2022;  Published: 30 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203138

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with critical challenges related to social, communication, and behavioral issues. Recent studies have proposed machine learning (ML) techniques for rapid and accurate assessment of ASD. However, the mismatch between the ML techniques and the clinical basis of ASD assessment reduces the effectiveness of ML-based assessment tools. The present study proposed an approach that utilized the potential of ML modeling and preserved the clinical relevan [...]

1694 8432

Open Access Original Research

Computerized Assessment of Cognitive Development in Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Children

Received: 05 July 2022;  Published: 28 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137

Abstract

This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We bel [...]

2080 13987

Open Access Interview

An Interview with Dr. Francisco J. Barrantes

Received: 22 September 2022;  Published: 26 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203136

1082 5707

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