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Table of Content

Open Access Original Research

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tune Oxidative Degradation Rates in Composite Shape Memory Polymers

Received: 12 September 2019;  Published: 31 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904008

Abstract

Biomedical applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs) are limited by their biostability, degradability, and possible toxicity risks after implantation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to increase the oxidative biostability (increase time until degradation occurs) using antioxidants and to induce oxidative degradation through incorporation of hydrogen peroxide-containing MSNs with modified surfaces. The presented results confirm increased oxidative stability using antioxidants, and alternatively, [...]

2001 11669

Open Access Research Article

Silk-CNT Mediated Fibroblast Stimulation toward Chronic Wound Repair

Received: 30 October 2019;  Published: 18 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904007

Abstract

Background:Diabetic patients suffer from chronic wounds partly due to altered function of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of diabetic patients synthesize collagen I (COLI) at a much higher level than collagen III (COLIII), resulting in delayed tissue granulation and, consequently, a delay in the overall wound healing process. Methods:We aimed to revive the matrix protein productivity of diabetic fibroblasts by employing aligned, electrically conductive and biocompatible spider silk-CNT fibers as a cell culture matrix to m [...]

2647 13780

Open Access Review

Engineering Bacterial Cellulose for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Abstract

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]

3479 22969

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Deposition of Ultrathin SnTe Films

Received: 06 September 2019;  Published: 29 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904005

Abstract

Tin telluride (SnTe) ultrathin films were deposited electrochemically on polycrystalline and monocrystalline gold substrates using the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn and Te were studied systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry curves for Sn displayed a broad peak in the region between -0.15 V and -0.35 V, which was related to the under-potential deposition (UPD), while the curves for Te displayed a peak at 0.3 V for Te UPD. X-ray pho [...]

2160 90531

Open Access Original Research

Formulation-Properties of Novel Ibuprofen-Loaded Soy Protein Wound Dressings

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904004

Abstract

Background:Wound management is an important field in medical care, as annually, millions of wounds require treatment worldwide. Soy protein is highly biocompatible, easily processed, and a relatively cheap natural polymer, which can be used for wound dressing applications. Methods:In this study, solvent cast soy protein films, plasticized by glycerol and cross-linked by glyoxal, were thermally treated and their mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of various processing parameters. Samples were then lo [...]

2317 10510

Open Access Review

Super-Resolution of Nano-Materials and Quantum Effects Obtained by Microspheres

Received: 29 July 2019;  Published: 04 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903003

Abstract

In this article, microsphere super-resolution, which are beyond the Abbe classical limit, are described. The conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is analyzed by using the geometry of the microsphere. In microsphere experiments, a nanojet is produced near the focal plane, where its width is smaller than the Abbe limit and remains unchanged in the axial direction for certain wavelengths. The interference between the evanescent waves being converted into propagating waves and the nanojet leads to an i [...]

2109 10600

Open Access Project Report

Evaluation of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Passive Rear Projection Screen Application

Received: 24 June 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903002

Abstract

In the past few years, there have been many attempts to commercialize Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Rear Projection Screen (RPS) in electrically switchable films and glass products. This application is based on the exceptional image quality of PDLC at a wide viewing angle. However, due to the high price of conventional switchable PDLC privacy glass, the integration of RPS in PDLC failed to attract large multimedia and entertainment markets. An obvious solution to this problem is the independent develo [...]

3492 24146

Open Access Opinion

Valued Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles

Received: 08 March 2019;  Published: 26 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1902001

Abstract

Technical lignins from the biorefinery, pulp, and paper industries are largely underutilized, even though this aromatic and randomly structured biopolymer could be an interesting raw material for advanced applications in addition to bulk daily goods. Recently, colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have gained much of the research interests due to the attractive multi-functional properties of the biopolymer. Utilization of lignin in nanoparticulate morphology resolves most of the drawbacks when using lignin (heterogenei [...]

3088 18378

Open Access Original Research

Clinical-Neurological Features and Cognitive Deficit in Chronic Alcoholic Encephalopathies

Received: 09 March 2026;  Published: 06 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603340

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive clinical, neurological, and neuropsychological analysis of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy (CAE) as a systemic toxic-metabolic lesion of the central nervous system, characterized by a stage-dependent progressive course that is not a direct equivalent of the stages of alcohol dependence. Based on the examination of 66 patients with CAE of varying severity, the disease is shown to involve a combination of diffuse neurological symptoms (cerebellar, vestibular, pyramidal, sensorimo [...]

72 250

Open Access Original Research

Association of EGF +61A/G (rs4444903) Polymorphism and Serum EGF Levels with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case–Control Study

Received: 27 December 2025;  Published: 15 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602339

Abstract

Research has demonstrated the significant role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in synaptic plasticity and the pathogenesis of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to assess the correlation between EGF +61A/G (rs4444903) polymorphism and its serum level with ASD. Blood samples were collected from 200 ASD and 200 controls for DNA extraction, and genotyping was carried out using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Additionally, EGF serum concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immuno [...]

236 613

Open Access Original Research

Psychosocial Death Education in Schools: Insights from Experienced Practitioners

Received: 21 November 2025;  Published: 29 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602338

Abstract

Death Education is an emerging field aimed at developing psychological and social competencies for engaging with death and dying. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 17 professionals—including psychologists, teachers, and spiritual counselors—implementing Death Education interventions in schools. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically, revealing four key domains: (1) facilitators’ personal relationship with death and motivation; (2) children’s and adolescents’ representations of death; [...]

266 850

Open Access Review

The Integration of Cognitive Neuroscience Principles in Communication Education: A Comprehensive Review of Curricular Designs and Skill Transfer Efficacy

Received: 02 November 2025;  Published: 18 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602337

Abstract

This review explores the integration of cognitive neuroscience principles into communication education, focusing on how neuroscience-informed curricular designs enhance skill acquisition and transfer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across primary scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC, to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2025. Following a multi-stage screening process based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 peer-reviewed scienti [...]

405 1290

Open Access Original Research

Breaking Cognitive Barriers: Comparing Neurobic and Aerobic Approaches in Dementia Care

Received: 04 December 2025;  Published: 09 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602336

Abstract

The study aimed to compare the effects of neurobic and aerobic approaches in Dementia care. Dementia is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a decline in cognitive abilities, including thinking, reasoning, and memory. In India, it is estimated that 74% of adults aged 60 and older are affected, totaling around 8.8 million individuals. Neurobics refers to exercises designed to enhance oxygen flow and invigorate the brain by engaging in novel activities, situations, or experiences. This may include attending liv [...]

1533 2286

Open Access Case Report

Rehabilitation in a Patient with Spastic Quadriplegia and Pneumonia: The Physiatrist’s Point of View Through the Analysis of a Case Report

Received: 17 September 2025;  Published: 08 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602335

Abstract

Patients with severe neurological sequelae often experience profound motor deconditioning that, combined with impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced lung volume, and the presence of tracheostomy, predisposes them to pulmonary infections and serious respiratory complications. A 24-year-old male with spastic quadriplegia secondary to childhood cerebral hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation, tracheostomy with a cuffed cannula under mechanical ventilation, and hydrocephalus treated with a ventriculoperitoneal [...]

298 1065

Open Access Review

Neurotransmitters in the Modulation of Stress: A Bibliometric Mapping and Visual Analysis (2000–2023)

Received: 09 November 2025;  Published: 05 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602334

Abstract

Stress is a multifaceted response involving physiological, psychological, and behavioural processes, with neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine playing key modulatory roles. This study aimed to map global research trends on stress and neurotransmitters, identify thematic clusters, and highlight emerging frontiers relevant to health and disease. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 4,132 publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2023. Data were retrieved and processed using Exce [...]

369 1124

Open Access Review

Exposure to Environmental Toxicants: Glymphatic System Dysfunction and Its Implications on Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Received: 30 October 2025;  Published: 27 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602333

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a glia-dependent network surrounding blood vessels that facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, playing a crucial role in clearing neuro-metabolites from the brain. This system’s efficiency in transporting waste significantly increases during non-rapid eye movement non-REM sleep. Recent findings suggests that malfunctioning of the glymphatic system might be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a [...]

578 1914

Open Access Review

The Prevalence of Autism in the World: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 05 December 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602332

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent challenges in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism and autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in normal and abnormal groups, such as premature infants or seizure patients, using an umbrella review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and searches were conducted with [...]

701 2566

Open Access Review

The Multi-Biophysical Nature of Computation in Brain Neural Networks

Received: 04 August 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602331

Abstract

Comprehending the nature of nerve communication is fundamental to our understanding of the functioning of nervous systems in general. The ionic mechanisms underlying action potentials in the squid giant axon were first described by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952, and their findings have formed our orthodox view of how the physiological action potential functions. However, substantial evidence has now accumulated to show that the action potential is accompanied by a synchronized coupled soliton pressure pulse in the cel [...]

401 1316

Open Access Review

Linking Brain, Hormones, and Metabolism: Pathophysiology and Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Cardiometabolic Side Effects

Received: 22 October 2025;  Published: 09 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602330

Abstract

This narrative review explores the pathophysiological consequences, neuroendocrine processes, and treatment approaches aimed at reducing the cardiometabolic adverse effects linked to antipsychotic medications; in particular, it highlights recent mechanistic advances in receptor-mediated metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutic implications. Schizophrenia, which is a long-term and debilitating disorder, correlates with a substantially shorter life expectancy (15-20 years less than that of the general populac [...]

1034 3712

Open Access Research Article

Central Post-Stroke Pain: Frequency, Clinical Characteristics, and Associated Factors

Received: 09 December 2025;  Published: 27 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601329

Abstract

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a frequently underrecognized complication that contributes to long-term disability among stroke survivors. This study aimed to determine the frequency of CPSP and to describe its clinical characteristics and associated factors among stroke patients treated at Arifin Achmad General Hospital. A cross-sectional design was employed and included adult stroke patients with diagnoses confirmed by neuroimaging. CPSP was diagnosed based on the clinical criteria proposed by Klit et al., and [...]

415 2148

Open Access Original Research

Image Generation Inspired by Electroencephalography for Neuromarketing Applications Using Extracted Features from Transformer-Based Models

Received: 25 September 2025;  Published: 10 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601328

Abstract

The design of products in Neuromarketing using machine learning methods has been a continuous challenge in Computer-aided design. Previously, deep learning techniques have been applied to generate random images for domains such as furniture, fashion, and product design. However, using deep generative methods requires a large amount of data and overlooks human aspects in the design process. This paper aims to extract human perceptual factors from brain signals using a Transformer-based model and involve them in arti [...]

716 2242

Open Access Review

Migraine Surgery: Assessment of the Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes of Different Trigger Sites

Received: 14 November 2025;  Published: 28 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601327

Abstract

Migraine surgery is primarily indicated for patients with chronic migraine who are refractory to conventional pharmacological treatments. The procedure aims to deactivate peripheral trigger sites—anatomical zones where migraines can be triggered by nerve compression and irritation. The most common trigger areas are the frontal, occipital, and temporal. This review seeks to analyse the prevalence of treatment and corresponding success rates for these three main trigger sites. A systematic review was conducted on Pub [...]

593 2454

Open Access Original Research

Aversion But Not Aggression: Emotional Traits of KM Rats in Sociability Tests

Received: 28 September 2025;  Published: 25 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601326

Abstract

The inbred Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rat strain, characterized by latent genetic epilepsy, reduced social motivation, and a high propensity for freezing, is a promising model for translational research of social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In clinical practice, social deficits often lead to social withdrawal and can be accompanied by aggression. It was unknown if KM rats exhibit such aggression during inescapable social encounters. We assessed intraspecific aggression in KM and control rats using th [...]

602 1701

Open Access Original Research

Examining the Pre-Hospital Workflow of Stroke Patients Referred with Code SAMA (724) and their Outcome in the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital (AS)

Received: 22 February 2025;  Published: 25 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601325

Abstract

The "Sama Code" is a protocol implemented in Iranian pre-hospital emergency services to manage time and treat patients with suspected stroke symptoms based on the FAST criteria. This study aims to analyze the workflow of patients with stroke symptoms transferred under the Sama Code. All patients with neurological symptoms who were brought to Imam Reza Hospital by pre-hospital emergency services after activating the Sama Code during the years 2021 and 2022 were included in the study. Data were collected from pre-hos [...]

525 1577

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Governmental and Workplace Measures on the Employment Sustainability of Chronically Ill Individuals

Received: 03 November 2025;  Published: 12 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601324

Abstract

Using a two-stage qualitative design (Stage 1: expert interviews; Stage 2: biographical interviews with people with MS), existing governmental and organizational support measures for maintaining the work capacity of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) were analyzed, and proposals for improvement were developed. Additional state support measures were proposed, including relaxing the criteria for state assistance, creating a centralized contact point for MS-specific inquiries, and enhancing collaboration between [...]

565 1460

Open Access Review

Advancing Mathematical Learning in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder through Serious Games and Educational Robotics: A Mini Review

Received: 04 November 2025;  Published: 10 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601323

Abstract

Mathematical learning often presents persistent challenges for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) due to differences in Executive Functioning (EF), cognitive flexibility, and symbolic reasoning. These factors can hinder the development of numerical understanding and pre-mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking, frequently resulting in disengagement and anxiety. In recent years, digital and embodied technologies—particularly Serious Games (SG) and Educational Robotics [...]

1100 3889

Open Access Review

Exposure to Mycotoxins: Neurological Disorders and Psychiatric Manifestations

Received: 27 October 2025;  Published: 09 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601322

Abstract

Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and molds, have negative health impacts on both humans and animals. They are commonly found in foods such as nuts, coffee, cereals, and grains, particularly in regions with warm, humid climates. Among the most prevalent mycotoxins in these foods are aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, patulin, and deoxynivalenol (DON). The presence of mold capable of producing mycotoxins within food contributes to an elevated risk of various illnesses, including those r [...]

2076 8834

Open Access Commentary

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Difficult-to-Treat Depression: From Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Multi-Target Immunopsychiatric Interventions

Received: 30 July 2025;  Published: 27 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601321

Abstract

Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) with inflammatory features (e.g., hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and/or elevated IL-6) may represent a clinically and biologically distinct presentation characterized by chronicity, functional impairment, prominent cognitive-motivational symptoms, and suboptimal response to conventional treatments. Classical anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g., COX-2 inhibitors or cytokine-targeting biologics) have shown signals of efficacy in selected biomarker-enriched subgroups; however, overall evidence remai [...]

1295 4110

Open Access Perspective

Optimizing Psychopharmacotherapy Using Personality Biomarkers: A Seven-Factor Model Perspective

Received: 19 September 2025;  Published: 26 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601320

Abstract

Personalized psychopharmacotherapy remains a critical yet underdeveloped frontier in psychiatry, as traditional approaches often fail to address substantial interindividual variability in drug efficacy and tolerability. While demographic, clinical, and genetic factors have improved treatment precision, they do not fully account for observed heterogeneity. Recent advances highlight the promise of personality traits, particularly as operationalized by Cloninger’s Seven-Factor Model, as novel biomarkers for treatment [...]

868 2428

Open Access Original Research

Evidence for an Impact of Super Skills for Life on Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in Greek Anxious Children

Received: 23 September 2025;  Published: 22 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601319

Abstract

Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic psychoeducational program designed for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. Empirically documented studies to date have demonstrated its immediate and long-term effectiveness in different contexts. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the SSL program to reduce emotional and behavioral difficulties in a clinical sample of Greek-speaking primary school children aged 6 to 12. The program was implemented over [...]

772 2432

Open Access Short Review

The Role of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Chemical Neuroscience: Implications for Drug Development

Received: 03 May 2025;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601318

Abstract

The study explores the crucial biological function of nitrogen in cyclic and acyclic structures with resonance potential, including tetrazoles, pyrroles, piperidines, and carbamates, within the realm of chemical neuroscience. It highlights the importance of these compounds for their biological properties and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central nervous system (CNS). The study emphasizes the necessity for neurochemical drugs, like morphine, to effectively cross the BBB, as modifi [...]

908 3154

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2025

Received: 04 January 2026;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601317

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2025. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of [...]

679 1612

Open Access Original Research

Psychological Flexibility in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls

Received: 09 March 2025;  Published: 31 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504316

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the psychological flexibility of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to healthy controls. Psychological flexibility is a key construct related to mental health and adaptive functioning, and understanding its levels in BPD can provide insight into symptom severity and treatment outcomes. The study included 58 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 62 healthy volunteer controls, all meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants completed [...]

692 2719

Open Access Review

Neurobiology of Cancer Pain: A Narrative Review

Received: 10 September 2025;  Published: 12 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504315

Abstract

Chronic cancer pain results from the complex interaction of nociceptive, neuropathic, and neuroimmune mechanisms, which vary according to tumor type, location, stage, and treatment history. Recent advances in cancer neuroscience have reframed pain as a dynamic manifestation of reciprocal tumor–nerve–immune interactions, rather than a mere consequence of tissue damage. In this model, malignant, stromal, and immune cells remodel nociceptive circuits at peripheral and central levels. This narrative review, conducted i [...]

1902 5812

Open Access Review

The Relationship between Hereditary Predisposition and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia Development

Received: 17 August 2025;  Published: 08 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504314

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with multiple SNPs in the human genome, located mainly outside the annotated protein-coding genes. These regions contain a large number of retroelements, which drive epigenetic regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that schizophrenia-associated SNPs exert their influence on the pathological functioning and activation of retroelements, which contribute to epigenetic imbalance in the brain with the development of pathological processes. A reflection of the [...]

834 2853

Open Access Original Research

Technology to Help People with Blindness and Intellectual Disability Manage Indoor Travel: Anticipating and Bypassing Obstacles

Received: 18 August 2025;  Published: 27 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504313

Abstract

Recent work with people with blindness and intellectual disability assessed a technology-aided program intended to help eight participants travel indoor routes to reach relevant destinations. The technology included a smartphone, two barcode readers worn by the participants at their ankles, barcodes displayed at specific points of the travel routes, and a mini speaker. The technology ensured that participants received verbal instructions on how to proceed (e.g., take a left turn, cross from one side to the other of [...]

685 2554

Open Access Commentary

Loneliness, Love and Their Connection: A Commentary

Received: 24 August 2025;  Published: 25 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504312

Abstract

A significant social stigma is associated with loneliness. The prevalence of social isolation, in the dawn of the 21st century points to the growing isolation in America. Lonely people who commonly display negative self-perceptions, show great difficulty to establish social ties, and that may be related to their personal inadequacies, or socially undesirable attributes. Lonely people suffer from a low social perception, painting them as less psychologically adjusted, and not very capable in relating to others. That [...]

870 3323

Open Access Research Article

Investigating Mental Health Literacy and Its Relationship with Addiction to Social Networks among Allied Medical Sciences Students

Received: 24 June 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504311

Abstract

The widespread use of social media among college students has become a significant concern due to its potential impact on mental health and addictive behaviors. Social media platforms, while offering numerous benefits, can also foster environments that contribute to addiction, depression, and anxiety. College students, in particular, are vulnerable to these effects due to their high levels of social media engagement and the pressures of academic life. Mental health literacy, which involves understanding and managin [...]

793 3488

Open Access Review

Biochemical Foundations of Emotion Regulation: Implications for Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions-A Narrative Review

Received: 02 May 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504310

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) involves processes by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of emotional responses, and its dysregulation is associated with a broad spectrum of psychological disorders. While traditionally conceptualized within psychological frameworks, ER is increasingly recognized as biologically grounded, involving intricate interactions between neurochemical, hormonal, and metabolic systems. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on biochemical substrates [...]

2639 11370

Open Access Case Report

Nursing Care for a Patient with a Risk of Suicide Due to Depression Using the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Approach: Case Study

Received: 11 September 2025;  Published: 17 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504309

Abstract

Adolescent depression is linked to suicidal ideation and attempts. Nurses are well-positioned to deliver brief, supportive interventions. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) emphasizes solutions and the activation of personal resources. To describe the feasibility and clinical utility of SFBT, delivered alongside pharmacotherapy, for reducing suicide risk in an adolescent with depression. Single-case report using a nursing process approach in a 17-year-old female inpatient with a major depressive episode and high [...]

908 4953

Open Access Research Article

Sleep and Mood as Mechanisms Linking Trauma Exposure to Alcohol Use in South African First Responders: A Serial Mediation Analysis

Received: 15 June 2025;  Published: 14 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504308

Abstract

First responders are routinely exposed to traumatic events in the line of duty, placing them at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes, including substance use. This study investigated the psychological mechanisms linking trauma exposure to alcohol use, specifically examining the serial mediating roles of insomnia and depression. A sample of 429 first responders (309 police officers and 120 paramedics) from the Western Cape, South Africa, completed an online survey comprising the Life Events Checklist-5 [...]

865 3323

Open Access Review

A Narrative Review on the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Anxiety

Received: 31 May 2025;  Published: 27 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504307

Abstract

Although anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are common co-morbidities, the relationship between autistic traits and anxiety disorders/symptoms has been increasingly researched in recent years. This review aims to compile the studies conducted on this topic and enhance our understanding of it. All publications up to September 1, 2024, on PubMed that contained the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘autistic traits’, ‘autism feature’, ‘autism-like symptoms’, and ‘ASD-like symptoms’, in their titles or abstracts were reviewed. [...]

1467 6399

Open Access Original Research

Mechanisms of Self-Awareness, Influence, and Self-Identification

Received: 04 April 2025;  Published: 27 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504306

Abstract

World socio-political growth is shaped by globalization, integration, and multiculturalism, which also impact individual self-perception. Understanding personal development requires studying self-awareness, self-identification, and influence to identify internal requirements and external influences. The study examined self-awareness, self-identification, influence, and their relationships, as well as psychological interventions for self-assessment and self-realization. To attain the research goal, analysis, synthes [...]

1534 29163

Open Access Review

Mycotoxins Exposure: Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Behavioral Alteration

Received: 13 June 2025;  Published: 21 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504305

Abstract

Evidence from recent studies has suggested a significant association between mycotoxin exposure and neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to the onset of neurocognitive disorders during key developmental stages of the brain. Various research highlights how exposure to these toxins is correlated with a decline in cognitive performance, reduced motor skills, and behavioral issues. Mycotoxins are also implicated in interfering with neuronal signaling pathways and the functioning of neurotransmitters, which may l [...]

1543 8034

Open Access Original Research

The Influence of Gender and Academic Achievement on University Students' Perceptions of LMS-Based Self-Regulated Learning in Korea

Received: 28 April 2025;  Published: 09 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504304

Abstract

This study examines how university students perceive Learning Management System (LMS)-based instruction within the context of higher education, as they adapt to the rapid digital transformation. Specifically, it examines how students' perceptions differ based on gender and academic achievement, providing insights for more inclusive and adaptive instructional design. LMS platforms, when actively utilized, offer more than just content delivery—they can enhance classroom transparency, provide immediate feedback, promo [...]

1076 4415

Open Access Research Article

Technology Support to Enable People with Severe Intellectual Disability and Blindness to Carry Out Occupational Activities and Transition Between Them Independently

Received: 14 July 2025;  Published: 09 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504303

Abstract

People with severe intellectual disability and blindness tend to perform only simple occupational activities and are mostly unable to transition between those activities. This inability makes their level of occupation independent of staff support fairly limited. Technology-aided programs may be one of the few opportunities available to increase their independent occupation. This study assessed one such program designed to (a) monitor the participants’ responses and guide them to transition to a new activity once th [...]

821 3132

Open Access Original Research

Interactive and Deep Learning-Powered EEG-BCI for Wrist Rehabilitation: A Game-based Prototype Study

Received: 14 August 2025;  Published: 24 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503302

Abstract

Motor deficits induced by neurological disorders impose a severe impact on activities of daily life. Conventional rehabilitation practices necessitate ongoing clinical supervision, which is costly and inaccessible. EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a viable solution by facilitating neurorehabilitation through the direct interpretation of brain signals. Nonetheless, current systems are confronted with issues of real-time control, portability, and classification precision. The paper describes a n [...]

1701 11814

Open Access Case Report

Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in Socially Isolated Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Received: 17 May 2025;  Published: 15 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503301

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the impact of mindfulness training on Mr. A, a 17-year-old adolescent with schizophrenia experiencing social isolation and severe anxiety. The subject, Mr. A, is a 17-year-old male who presented with significant anxiety symptoms, including excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, heart palpitations, rapid breathing, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms were accompanied by behaviors of social withdrawal, emotional detachment, and reluctance to communicate [...]

1015 4266

Open Access Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS) among Iranian Adolescents

Received: 11 February 2025;  Published: 01 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503300

Abstract

Interpersonal mindfulness, involving present-moment awareness and acceptance during social interactions, is crucial for emotional regulation and adaptive interpersonal functioning. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), a 27-item instrument with four subscales: presence, awareness of self and others, nonjudgmental acceptance, and nonreactivity. The cross-sectional sample included 15- to 17-year-old Iranian adolescents (2023–2024), r [...]

1237 6407

Open Access Original Research

Neural Network of Alpha Rhythm rs-EEG Activity for the Assessment of Consciousness in Psychopathology

Received: 18 December 2024;  Published: 29 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503299

Abstract

Consciousness is an integrative process that combines several executive functions, as well as the analytical and synthetic activity of the brain. In some psychopathological conditions, in particular, in schizophrenia, low-information "borderline" disorders of the executive functions and consciousness are often formed at the onset. The present study was aimed at assessing the integration of the bran alpha regulatory system and the modulation of consciousness based on the data of recording the alpha rhythm of resting [...]

1052 5129

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Explainable AI Approaches in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Received: 16 January 2025;  Published: 15 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503298

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant heterogeneity in symptoms and comorbid conditions. Studies have shown the value of early and accurate diagnosis in mitigating the associated social and behavioral challenges. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential of machine learning (ML) models in identifying ASD patterns from neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral data. However, the limited interpretability of these models poses a barrier to their clinical adopti [...]

1263 8902

Open Access Short Review

Loneliness or Solitude: How Are They Different?

Received: 08 May 2025;  Published: 14 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503297

Abstract

Loneliness, social isolation, aloneness, and solitude may be used interchangeably by some who may miss the difference between them. Loneliness is the experience of being alone, or perceiving that one is alone and unimportant to others. Solitude is being geographically isolated out of one’s choice. Loneliness is not a feeling, but a multidimensional construct which is expressed cognitively, behaviorally and affectively. solitude is also reviewed and a clear distinction between loneliness and solitude is established. [...]

2224 16038

Open Access Review

Advancing Objective Pain Measurement: Exploring the Potential of Electroencephalography Biomarkers

Received: 26 February 2025;  Published: 05 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503296

Abstract

Chronic pain involves complex cortical and subcortical changes, suggesting that brain electrical activity may be a potential biomarker for nociceptive processing. Pain leaves its signature in the brain's oscillatory patterns, yet limited studies have explored the neurophysiological alterations associated with chronic pain. This review examines the pain detection method currently used in clinical settings, the potential of neurophysiological features to become brain oscillatory brain biomarkers, and their use in fut [...]

1752 10460

Open Access Review

Maladjustment in Minority Youth from Community Network Disparities in the COVID-19 Lockdown Environment

Received: 17 April 2024;  Published: 04 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503295

Abstract

Pandemic lockdown orders resulted in closures to critical community networks. One such infrastructure was community recreation centers/parks. This infrastructure serves a critical role in building psychosocial wellness for youth. Socioeconomic minority youth face baseline disparity in center/park distribution and services. Youth recreation activity declined 50% as result of lockdown orders with corresponding decline in youth mental health status. Despite overall youth activity decline, White and high socioeconomic [...]

739 3478

Open Access Original Research

How Can Architectural Acoustics Reflect Levels of Stress and Relaxation in Indoor Environments? An EEG-Based Experimental Study

Received: 11 April 2025;  Published: 31 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503294

Abstract

The acoustic design of indoor environments encompassing spatial configuration, material properties, and sound absorption significantly influences auditory perception and psychological well-being. This study examines the interaction between architectural acoustics, musical stimuli, and neural responses within a controlled therapeutic context, focusing on their effects on stress reduction and relaxation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was utilized to measure brain activity in 24 participants exposed to six musical inst [...]

1687 9765

Open Access Original Research

Protective Effects of Teucrium polium Extract Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia: Insights from Wild-Type and Acox1⁻/⁻ Models

Received: 20 May 2025;  Published: 30 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503293

Abstract

Microglial activation and the associated oxidative or inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Teucrium polium (TP) ethanolic extract in murine BV-2 microglial cells, including wild-type (Wt) and peroxisomal β-oxidation-deficient Acox1-/- cell lines. The TP extract exhibited high antioxidant activity as assessed via the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 73.89 μ [...]

835 4067

Open Access Review

Integrating Neuroimaging, Biomarkers, and Rehabilitation Strategies for Optimized Diagnosis and Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

Received: 28 February 2025;  Published: 21 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503292

Abstract

This review examines a multimodal approach that integrates advanced neuroimaging, biofluid biomarkers, and innovative rehabilitation strategies for the optimized diagnosis and recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI remains a critical public health challenge due to its high incidence and diverse, long-lasting morbidities. Conventional diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect subtle injuries, and current prognostic models are limited by the heterogeneity of TBI. Emerging neuroimaging techniques, [...]

2395 11446

Open Access Review

Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in the Neuroinflammatory Cascade of Traumatic Brain Injury

Received: 31 March 2025;  Published: 09 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503291

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury is mechanical, the subsequent neuroinflammatory cascade plays a critical role in secondary injury and long-term neurological deficits. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play a key role in this cascade, interacting with neurons in a complex interplay that can both protect and exacerbate neuronal damage. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview [...]

1329 7580

Open Access Original Research

Natural Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain Management: A Case Series of 3 Patients with Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Migraine

Received: 09 February 2025;  Published: 03 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503290

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic pain occurs in various disorders due to correlated processes of spontaneous cortical reorganization and dysregulation of cortical excitability in consciousness-related networks. This case series tracks three patients with chronic pain associated with the menstrual cycle treated by a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique that applies qualities of the mother-fetus neurocognitive model. Previous research has shown that a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field an [...]

1153 6488

Open Access Review

Chemical Neuroscience of Heterocyclic N-Amines: Implications for Pain Management, Mental Health, and Opioid Withdrawal

Received: 05 December 2024;  Published: 10 June 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502289

Abstract

This study reviews the biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications of N-heterocyclic amine drugs, particularly in the context of pain management, mental health, and opioid withdrawal. It highlights the structural diversity and receptor binding capabilities of these compounds, which enable them to target the nervous system and cross the blood-brain barrier effectively. The article discusses the role of opioids in pain relief, detailing their agonistic effects on opioid receptors and the subsequent risk of addic [...]

1416 8487

Open Access Original Research

The Relationship between Anger, Stress, Psychological Distress and Mood Disorders among Entrepreneurs

Received: 18 December 2024;  Published: 26 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502288

Abstract

The present study investigates the association between anger, stress, psychological distress and mood disorders among Egyptian entrepreneurs. Approach-wise, the study is quantitative, and its cross-sectional data were collected using a questionnaire. The study’s respondents are Egyptian entrepreneurs involved in several business activities. Hence, the study concluded based on 286 valid responses. We used analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, where we conducted path analysis to conclude the results. C [...]

1389 9895

Open Access Review

Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

Received: 09 February 2025;  Published: 09 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502287

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for many medical disciplines. It highlighted viral exploitation of physiological cellular processes, including endocytosis and cellular senescence. These pathways play an essential role in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” is produced in the posterior hypothalamus and is crucial for various physiological processes, including social intelligence, sexual activity, and metabolism. Many viruses, [...]

988 5347

Open Access Original Research

Unraveling Bioactive Constituents Isolated from Knema hookeriana Warb. as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Received: 05 March 2025;  Published: 27 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502286

Abstract

The Myristicaceae family, particularly the Knema genus, is renowned for its diverse bioactive compounds, including lignans, flavonoids, and phenolics. This study explores the phytochemical profile of Knema hookeriana Warb. leaves and evaluates their potential as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Phytochemical extraction was performed using a cold maceration method with a polarity-gradient solvent system (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). The isolated compounds were purified through chromatographic techniq [...]

1235 6472

Open Access Review

Mental Health Disorders Following Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals

Received: 27 October 2024;  Published: 18 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502285

Abstract

There is growing scientific concern regarding how endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impact central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Both anecdotal and preclinical studies suggest a link between EDC exposure and major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially leading to neurodegenerative outcomes. EDCs primarily exhibit their biological effects by interacting with hormone receptors. Nonetheless, there is scientific evidence pointing to dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-adrenal axis, which is linked t [...]

1369 9480

Open Access Review

Neurotoxicity Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos

Received: 14 January 2025;  Published: 15 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502284

Abstract

Neurotoxicity occurs when exposure to a biological, chemical, or physical agent, especially a neurotoxin, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in a way that results in permanent or reversible damage to neurons and nerve tissue and disrupts the functioning of the brain and nervous system. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide that has been used worldwide for more than 50 years and can damage the nervous system of insects by creating neurotoxicity. Epidemiological studies show that [...]

4469 16216

Open Access Review

Unraveling the Involvement of Serotonergic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor-6 Activation in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review

Received: 28 September 2024;  Published: 09 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502283

Abstract

Chronic pain is a significant and global healthcare issue that hugely implies the quality of life and productivity of the affected individuals. It is challenging to treat and thus necessitates a deeper understanding of its underlying pathomechanisms to develop targeted interventions. Serotonin is one of the essential neurotransmitters involved in the propagation of pain signals through both ascending and descending pathways, acting via various receptor subtypes, including the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-6 (5-HT6R) [...]

1515 7367

Open Access Review

Pregnancy Risk Factors in Cerebrovascular Disease

Received: 16 May 2024;  Published: 01 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502282

Abstract

Cerebrovascular diseases such as strokes and cerebral hemorrhages are important causes of death in the world, which increase during pregnancy due to physiological conditions. This study investigated risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other factors by searching in databases. After searching, 35 articles were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included articles from 2014-2024 related to the words "pregnancy" AND "cerebrovascular disease." The obtained results were e [...]

795 4745

Open Access Case Report

Forgiveness Therapy to Reduce Violent Behavior in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Received: 03 December 2024;  Published: 26 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501281

Abstract

This study aims to describe the application of forgiveness therapy as a psychosocial intervention for a schizophrenia patient with violent behavior. Mr. M, a 19-year-old male diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibited psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, agitation, and aggression. He had a history of trauma due to physical violence from his brother. The patient was diagnosed with a risk for violence toward others. Forgiveness therapy was implemented over six sessions, each last [...]

1605 7748

Open Access Research Article

Do We Care about Preschool Children's Leisure Time? Correlations between Anxiety Symptoms and Leisure Time Allocation. Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Received: 06 January 2025;  Published: 24 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501280

Abstract

Children's leisure time in the Western world is changing compared to what it used to be in the previous decades. Children's involvement in organized activities and screen time use is increasing, while outdoor play, despite once being the main leisure time activity for children, is declining. Gray, Oliver and other contemporary theorists link this shift in children's lifestyles to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to determine whether allocating preschool children's [...]

1511 8294

Open Access Review

Functional Prognosis of Spinal Cord Injury Due to Spinal Tuberculosis

Received: 03 October 2024;  Published: 18 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501279

Abstract

Spinal tuberculosis (TB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, primarily involves one or multiple vertebrae, with a high prevalence at the thoracolumbar region, which can compromise spinal cord integrity and result in severe sequelae such as paraplegia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and mobility limitation. This study aimed to review medical, surgical, and rehabilitation management, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of spinal TB with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research was conducted utilizing databases su [...]

1645 11112

Open Access Review

The Independence Principle - A Neglected Feature of the Hodgkin Huxley Legacy

Received: 19 May 2024;  Published: 17 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501278

Abstract

The legacy of Hodgkin and Huxley rests on their squid giant axon studies, which were summarised in an empirical model of impressive predictive power that successfully quantified the permeability changes of excitable membranes and accurately reconstructed the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley applied the independence principle to their experimental data in order to reveal potential mechanism(s) of trans-membrane ion movements. This was motivated by their lack of information on the manner in which ions crossed the [...]

1118 5269

Open Access Review

Neurotoxicity Following Exposure to Micro and Nanoplastics

Received: 13 December 2024;  Published: 16 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501277

Abstract

The pervasive presence and enduring existence of micro and nanoplastics in the environment render their exposure to humans and aquatic creatures unavoidable. Research indicates these tiny plastic particles can be taken in by aquatic beings and mammals. Once within the body, micro and nanoplastics have the capability to infiltrate the brain, although the level of penetration and the subsequent neurotoxic effects are not fully explored. Previous studies indicate that metal (oxide) nanoparticles can enter the brain an [...]

4100 22831

Open Access Original Research

A Systems Biology Approach to Understanding Delirium Pathophysiology and Identifying Natural Compounds for Potential Therapeutic Purposes

Received: 30 October 2024;  Published: 14 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501276

Abstract

Delirium is an acute neurocognitive disorder marked by disruptions in attention, cognition, and awareness, particularly prevalent among older and critically ill patients. This study applies a systems biology framework to dissect the molecular underpinnings of delirium and evaluate natural compounds for potential therapeutic roles. Through bioinformatics analyses, key biomarkers related to delirium, including IL6, AKT1, JUN, APP, and PPARGC1A, were identified, implicating pathways tied to neuroinflammation, oxidativ [...]

1546 7782

Open Access Original Research

Studying the Cognitive and Behavioural Dynamics of Psychopathy

Received: 04 December 2024;  Published: 14 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501275

Abstract

The relevance of studying the cognitive and behavioral dynamics of psychopathy lies in its importance for improving diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and reducing crime, thereby contributing to public safety. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive and behavioral mechanisms influence psychopathy. A combination of methods was employed, including the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, semi-structured interviews, and the analysis of non-verbal reactions. The sample consisted of eight participants (four [...]

1346 18531

Open Access Original Research

A Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Sham-Controlled Trial of Paraesthesia-Free Burst Waveform Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Small Case Series of Patients with Chronic Spinal or Limb Pain

Received: 24 November 2024;  Published: 05 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501274

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify methodological issues that might influence comparison of burst versus sham spinal cord stimulation for treating chronic pain. Six patients with an implanted BurstDR spinal cord stimulator were assessed double-blind during eight 3-to-4-day ON or OFF cycles over a 28-day period. The stimulator was switched off during two randomly selected cycles. Pain intensity was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included analgesic consumption, activity estimation and sleep quality. T [...]

826 4397

Open Access Review

The Impact of Microbiota on Neurological Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Received: 06 November 2024;  Published: 28 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501273

Abstract

Interactions in the gut-brain crosstalk have led to the development of an entirely new concept: the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". Microbiota has gained considerable attention in relation to disorders of a more neurological nature, such as neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses like autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. This review aims to summarize the recent trends and insights into the role and consequences of gut microbiota in brain health and pediatric neurological disorders. Dysbiosi [...]

1239 6646

Open Access Review

Therapeutic Exercise Holds the Key to Improve Hand and Upper Limbs Dystonia Rehabilitation Programs: A Systematic Review

Received: 20 September 2024;  Published: 27 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501272

Abstract

Upper limb dystonia is a focal locomotion disorder affecting arm, forearm, and hand muscles, causing abnormal movements given by repeated, steady, and intercontinuous contractions. There are different types of dystonia and the multifaced nature of this pathology is challenging in the treatment management, leading to a worsening of affected patients’ life quality, mainly from a psychological point of view, but also from a functional perspective. This work examines the present literature regarding upper limb dystonia [...]

1199 8387

Open Access Original Research

Digital Technology and Brain Development among Entrepreneurial Ambitions

Received: 20 October 2024;  Published: 25 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501271

Abstract

Brain development (BD) is an important factor. To effectively enhance BD, institutions employ digital tools, technology, and innovative digital competencies to improve students’ entrepreneurial ambitions. The present paper examines the role of digital technology in developing BD among entrepreneurial ambitions in Egypt. The study modes are quantitative and cross-sectional to collect data from the entrepreneurial aspirations of Egyptian universities where business, management, economics, and commerce students [...]

949 4777

Open Access Original Research

The Role of E-Learning Crack-Up Perception and Fear of Academic Year Loss in Students’ Psychological Distress and Academic Performance

Received: 27 October 2024;  Published: 14 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501270

Abstract

This study examines the effect of e-learning crack-up perception (ECUP) and fear of academic year loss (FAYL) on psychological distress (PD). The study also explores the impact of PD on students' academic performance (AP). It uses a quantitative method based on data collected from Egyptian medical university students using convenience sampling. The study utilized 313 cases to get the final results. Using path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, the study confirmed a positive effect o [...]

1441 7002

Open Access Opinion

Understanding the Scope of the Contemporary Controversy about the Physical Nature and Modeling of the Action Potential: Insights from History and Philosophy of (Neuro)Science

Received: 09 October 2024;  Published: 13 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501269

Abstract

According to mainstream neuroscience, the action potential (AP) is a purely dissipative electrical phenomenon that should be modeled as such. However, also (essentially) reversible mechanical, thermal, and optical changes in the neuron have been reported to accompany the movement of the AP along the axonal surface. These are not accounted for in the prevailing (bio)-electric theory of neuronal excitability, originally introduced by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) and mathematically formulated in their famous HH model of th [...]

1287 7449

Open Access Original Research

A New Technology System to Support Occupational Activity and Mobility in People with Severe-to-Profound Intellectual Disability and Blindness

Received: 14 October 2024;  Published: 12 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501268

Abstract

People with severe-to-profound intellectual disability and blindness tend to be sedentary and detached, given their orientation and mobility problems, often combined with their limited interest in their surroundings. An approach to address this problem may involve the use of technology systems guiding the participants through mobility and occupational activity (object use) with a combination of spatial/orientation cues, basic instructions for the responses required by the activity, and positive stimulation during t [...]

920 4769

Open Access Original Research

Measuring Post-Exertional Malaise with DePaul Symptom Questionnaires: Challenges and Opportunities

Received: 15 October 2024;  Published: 05 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501267

Abstract

Following mental or physical exertion, patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) experience Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM). Although self-report questions represent less expensive and invasive procedures to assess PEM, variability in the wording of the symptom can cause reliability and validity problems. If different PEM measures are used in studies, this could create difficulties in replicating findings, identifying biomarkers, and determining effective treatments for patients. The o [...]

2833 20472

Open Access Research Article

Exploring the Unidimensionality of the GAD-7 for South African First Responders: Evidence from Multiple Psychometric Approaches

Received: 21 September 2024;  Published: 27 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501266

Abstract

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition and the GAD-7 is widely used as a screening tool and measure of GAD severity. However, research has yielded conflicting findings regarding the factor structure of the instrument, with some studies supporting a unidimensional interpretation while others suggest a two-factor solution. These inconsistencies highlight the importance of validating the GAD-7 across diverse populations. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and fact [...]

1157 5946

Open Access Review

Advancements in Silkworm-Derived Silk Fibroin Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Received: 14 October 2022;  Published: 20 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501265

Abstract

Regenerating injured nerves is difficult because they have little spontaneous regeneration potential. Advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emphasized the possibility of biomaterial-based methods for nerve healing. Natural protein-based biomaterials have benefits over synthetic ones, such as biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and biodegradability. Silk fibroin, generated from mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms, is especially promising because of its abundance, simplicity of processing in [...]

2252 16900

Open Access Review

Unraveling the Impact of Modern Technologies on Young Minds: A Comprehensive Study

Received: 22 October 2024;  Published: 13 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501264

Abstract

The implementation of modern technologies has transformed connectivity, information-sharing, and education, significantly influencing students' academic journeys. New technologies offer advantages and disadvantages, particularly impacting young students and leading to changes in habits and behaviors. While technology can improve learning efficiency through personalized approaches, excessive screen time can negatively affect communication and academic performance. Studies recommend limited screen time for children t [...]

1653 11731

Open Access Review

Reflexes and Shared Intentionality in the Origins of Emotions Development: A Scoping Review of Studies on Blinking in Infants

Received: 16 August 2024;  Published: 10 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501263

Abstract

This review aims to explore research on the development of emotions in organisms at the simple reflexes substage of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. We review the literature on alterations in spontaneous blinking in children under 6 months of age. Then, we extract the data from the selected studies that allow us to examine whether simple reflexes in infants reveal the emotion signature in the altered reflective responses. The significance of this study is that it is the first review to demonstrate t [...]

1019 10235

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2024

Received: 03 January 2025;  Published: 03 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501262

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2024. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of [...]

644 2932

Open Access Review

The Impact of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms on Academic Achievement among Undergraduate University Students: A Systematic Review

Received: 21 October 2024;  Published: 31 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404261

Abstract

Numerous studies have explored the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among university students worldwide. However, only a few have examined how these symptoms affect students' academic performance. This systematic review explores the relationship between depression, anxiety, and academic performance among undergraduate university students. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1997 and June 2020 were included if they: (a) were in English; (b) had a study population that was exclusively undergraduate [...]

3105 39875

Open Access Review

The Origin of Natural Neurostimulation: A Narrative Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Techniques

Received: 08 September 2024;  Published: 29 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404260

Abstract

This narrative review of the literature on noninvasive brain stimulation techniques observes four neurostimulation domains: light therapy, photobiomodulation, a group of techniques within transcranial electric current and magnetic field stimulations, low-frequency sound stimulations, including vibroacoustic therapy, and rhythmic auditory stimulation. The review aims to determine whether or not different brain stimulation approaches rely upon a similar physicochemical sequence of actions. The study identifies releva [...]

1803 14348

Open Access Original Research

Factor Structure of Autism Symptoms in 5-6-Year-Old Children: Age Perspective

Received: 03 July 2024;  Published: 27 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404259

Abstract

The work identifies the factor structure of autism symptoms in older preschoolers to check their age dynamics. An Autism Marker Questionnaire containing 330 potential symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was developed to be implemented as an online survey. 501 children were examined (371 with ASD) already classified by experts as a group of ASD, typically developing (TD) or with developmental delay (DD). At the exploratory stage, a relatively simple 8-factor structure was obtained: Speech Understanding (SU), [...]

1245 8043

Open Access Review

Frontal Migraine Surgery: Indications and Results

Received: 18 July 2024;  Published: 27 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404258

Abstract

Recent studies have identified that certain types of migraines, including frontal migraines, may be attributed to the irritation of specific extracranial nerves. This systematic review addresses the following questions: Which surgical techniques are most effective for chronic frontal migraines? How do combined surgical approaches compare to isolated procedures regarding efficacy and complication rates? Our objective is to comprehensively analyze surgical options for frontal migraines, including their success rates [...]

1219 7125

Open Access Review

Evaluating the Efficacy of Action Observation Training in Improving Upper Limb Functionality in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scope Review

Received: 02 June 2024;  Published: 22 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404257

Abstract

This review evaluates the efficacy of Action Observation Training (AOT) in improving upper limb functionality in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Five studies were selected based on strict inclusion criteria, focusing on clinical interventions that assessed AOT's effects on upper limb motor skills in pediatric CP populations. Across these studies, significant improvements were observed in motor skills such as reach, grasp, and spontaneous use of the affected limb, underscoring AOT's potential functional benefits. [...]

1359 11194

Open Access Review

Genetic Basis of Emotional Regulation: Integrative Analysis of Behavioral and Neurobiological Data

Received: 08 July 2024;  Published: 22 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404256

Abstract

Emotional regulation (ER) is the process by which people change their physiology, expressions, and emotional experiences to operate in their daily lives. Deficits in emotion control may be connected to physical and mental health consequences. This review aims to identify genetic variants, understand neurobiological mechanisms, and explore behavioral phenotypes associated with ER. In our study, we included English studies from online databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sco [...]

4083 39053

Open Access Review

Effective Physiotherapy for Post-Concussion Recovery and Return to Sports: Narrative Review

Received: 30 August 2024;  Published: 20 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404255

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by direct or indirect forces is a prevalent issue in contact sports, leading to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, and neck pain. These symptoms can have long-term consequences, including neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. This review fills an essential gap in the literature, as current studies on physiotherapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sports are limited in scope, particularly in evaluating multimodal and personalized interventions. The review a [...]

1780 12421

Open Access Review

Gut Microbiota and Neuroinflammation: An Interconnected Nexus of Health and Neurodegenerative Disease

Received: 08 June 2024;  Published: 20 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404254

Abstract

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of billions of microorganisms in the human digestive tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Recent studies have highlighted a bidirectional communication pathway called the gut-brain axis between the gut and the brain. This communication is significantly influenced by gut microbiota and its interactions with the immune system, which can affect brain function and contribute to inflammation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship bet [...]

1532 10114

Open Access Original Research

The Development of Operational Model Integrating Digital Technologies into Public Mental Healthcare Services in Nigeria

Received: 09 July 2024;  Published: 08 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404253

Abstract

The availability and utilization of digital technologies can leverage the challenges of the sharp-depleting workforce due to the consistent migration of healthcare professionals (HCPs), the alarming ratio of the number of patients to HCPs, discretional use of digital technologies among HCPs in providing effective therapeutic interventions and mental healthcare services. This study aimed to develop an operational model that integrates digital technologies in mental healthcare service delivery for public facilities i [...]

1119 6861

Open Access Review

Relationship of Retroelements with Antiviral Proteins and Epigenetic Factors in Alzheimer's Disease

Received: 10 August 2023;  Published: 31 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404252

Abstract

Genetic factors such as allelic variants of the PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, and APOE genes play an important role in Alzheimer's disease development. Still, they cannot explain all cases of the disease and cannot form the basis for effective treatment methods for the pathology. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, so identifying new mechanisms of pathogenesis may reveal new ways of treating it. Since Alzheimer's disease is associated with aging, the hypothesis is proposed that an important trigg [...]

1378 5935

Open Access Review

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Bullying in Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Received: 21 July 2024;  Published: 25 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404251

Abstract

Bullying is a serious problem among adolescents with broad negative impacts on psychological and social well-being. Factors that influence bullying are individual and environmental. Emotional intelligence has been identified as an essential factor influencing bullying behavior, but its relationship is not fully understood. This research aims to conduct a scoping review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and adolescent bullying behavior. A scoping review approach was used in this research. Search for [...]

1885 24962

Open Access Original Research

Predictive Effect of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Change Anxiety towards Mental Health Problems and Psychological Well-Being among Entrepreneurs

Received: 25 July 2024;  Published: 18 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404250

Abstract

Entrepreneurs face massive challenges when attempting to create sustainable businesses in the current era. This juggling act leads to eco-anxiety and climate change anxiety, which mainly affect entrepreneurs by creating concerns and ruining creativity and progress. These issues contribute to individuals' mental health problems (MHP) and severely affect psychological well-being (PWB). With this in mind, the present study investigates the impact of eco-anxiety (EA) and climate change anxiety (CCA) on MHP and PWB [...]

1767 14057

Open Access Case Report

Stuart Stress Adaptation and Nola Pender's Model on Mental Nursing Care of Patients Schizophrenia: Case Study

Received: 20 July 2024;  Published: 12 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404249

Abstract

To describe the application of the Stuart Stress Adaptation and Nola Pender Models in mental nursing care for a patient with schizophrenia and risk of violent behavior. This research method used case studies. The sample is one patient with schizophrenia. Data collection is done through direct observation, interviews, and patient medical records. The results showed that the client showed a major nursing problem in the form of risk of violent behavior. Predisposing factors included passive childhood experiences and s [...]

1796 15364

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