P7 - Articles - Open Access, Fast Publication, Free Publication, Timeliness, Ground-breaking research, Peer review, LIDSEN, Science Journal, Engineering Journal, Health Science Journal, Crossref Indexed, Google Scholar Indexed, Low APC, Original Research Articles

Table of Content

Open Access Research Article

Dirac's Spectrum from Newton’s Laws in Graphene

Vardan Apinyan and

Mane Sahakyan

Received: 17 March 2020; Published: 01 July 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003016

Abstract

The present report provides a phenomenological theory for monolayer graphene, in which two worlds, the quantum and the classical, meet and complete each other in the most natural manner. In the present report, electron mass-vortex representation is introduced, and the surface tension excitation states in the monolayer graphene are defined. The band-mass of the electrons at the Dirac’s point was calculated through the mathematical introduction of a mass-dispersion relation. As a consequence, the Dirac’s [...]

2273 14388

Open Access Review

Effects of Quantum Confinement of Hydrogen in Nanocavities – Experimental INS Results and New Insights

C. Aris Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann

Received: 31 March 2020; Published: 23 June 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002015

Abstract

Current developments of non-relativistic quantum mechanics appear to predict, and reveal, counter-intuitive dynamical effects of hydrogen in nanostructured materials that are of considerable importance for basic research as well as for technological applications. In this review, the experimental focus is on H2O and H molecules in carbon nanotubes and other nanocavities that have been experimentally investigated using the well-established technique of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS). For instance, the [...]

2587 13215

Open Access Original Research

Enhancement of String Tension Using Thin-Film Metallic Glass Coatings

Yi-Chia Liao ,

Chun-Hway Hsueh and

Wen-Shin Lee

Received: 16 May 2020; Published: 15 June 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002014

Abstract

Inspired by the application of metallic glass sheet as face material for improving the performance of golf clubs, the present work was aimed to explore the application of thin-film metallic glass (TFMG) coatings for enhancing the performance of strings. In order to achieve this aim, badminton strings were coated with TFMG coatings of different thicknesses. The compositions of these TFMG coatings were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer. The amorphous structure of the film was verified using X-ray diffra [...]

2286 10893

Open Access Original Research

Polystyrene Topography Sticker Array for Cell-Based Assays

Heizel Rosado-Galindo and

Maribella Domenech

Received: 15 March 2020; Published: 14 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002013

Abstract

Cells can respond to different topographical cues in their natural microenvironment. Hence, scientists have employed microfabrication techniques and materials to generate culture substrates containing topographies for cell-based assays. However, one of the limitations of custom topographical platforms is the lack of adoption by the broad research community. These techniques and materials have high costs, require high technical expertise, and can leach components that may introduce artifacts. In this study, we devel [...]

2421 12982

Open Access Review

The Use of Biomaterials in Internal Radiation Therapy

Ben Milborne ,

Abul Arafat ,

Rob Layfield ,

Alexander Thompson and

Ifty Ahmed

Received: 18 March 2020; Published: 12 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002012

Abstract

Radiotherapy has become one of the most prominent and effective modalities for cancer treatment and care. Ionising radiation, delivered either from external or internal sources, can be targeted to cancerous cells causing damage to DNA that can induce apoptosis. External beam radiotherapy delivers either photon radiation (x-rays or gamma rays) or particle radiation (neutrons or protons) in a targeted manner to specific tumour locations. Internal radiotherapy involves placing radioactive sources within the body to de [...]

3509 22485

Open Access Technical Note

Innovation in Skin Regeneration: Novel Approaches with β-1,3/1,6-Glucan-Based Treatments

Francesco Calvani ,

Emanuele Bartoletti ,

Giancarlo Folchitto ,

Stefania Santini ,

Michele Fontevecchia and

Alessandra Alhadeff

Received: 06 April 2020; Published: 11 May 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002011

Abstract

Skin regeneration is a multidisciplinary topic that involves plastic surgery, aesthetics, and dermatology. In the last few years, several molecules have been used to prevent or delay the skin aging process. Recently, promising investigations on novel β-1,3/1,6-glucan-based treatments, associated with sodium hyaluronate, have demonstrated the induction of a naïve biological stimulus in soft tissues. Serum Revitalizing Face (Lot 00118a0051 of 11/19/2018 approved by the Italian Ministry of Health as a Medical Device-C [...]

2093 11735

Open Access Original Research

Mechano-Vibrational Spectroscopy of Tissues and Materials Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Technique

Frederick H. Silver ,

Nikita Kelkar ,

Tanmay Deshmukh ,

Istvan Horvath and

Ruchit G. Shah

Received: 04 February 2020; Published: 29 April 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002010

Abstract

Elastic moduli of tissues and synthetic polymeric materials are important design properties needed to develop new implants. In this paper we report the use of vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and calculate the modulus of tissues and synthetic polymers non-invasively and non-destructively in vitro and in vivo. Values of tissue and polymer moduli were obtained by applying an audible sinusoidal sound wave to the surface of each specimen. The sound wave travels to the in [...]

3673 27386

Open Access Original Research

Quantum Decoherence in Dense Media: A Few Examples

Erik B Karlsson

Received: 29 December 2019; Published: 13 April 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002009

Abstract

Decoherence is a relatively recent concept in the field of quantum mechanics. Although the pioneers of the field must have understood that loss of phase coherence in quantum superpositions is the reason underlying the appearance of definite outcomes in the quantum measurement problem, the latter was not treated in terms of decoherence until sixty years after the formulation of quantum mechanics as described in a report by Joos and Zeh in 1983 [1]. However, soon after, the theory was developed in further detail, and [...]

3143 28517

Open Access Original Research

Antibody-Based Capture and Behaviour of Endothelial Cell Lines on Pre-Surface Modified Medical Grade Steel

Rohan R. Ravindranath ,

Brian De La Franier ,

Issaka Yougbare ,

Jason E. Fish and

Michael Thompson

Received: 25 January 2020; Published: 27 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001008

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coronary stents, tube-shaped medical implants that are placed in narrowed coronary arteries, have been used successfully in the management of this condition. However, re-narrowing (i.e. restenosis) of the artery can occur which is instigated by an immune response towards the implanted ‘foreign’ material. A new approach to prevent restenosis and reduce the stent-induced immune response has been proposed previously, which involve [...]

1743 10882

Open Access Review

Self-Consistent Theory of Screening and Transport in Narrow, Translation-Invariant Hall Bars under the Conditions of the Integer Quantum-Hall-Effect

Rolf R. Gerhardts

Received: 11 November 2019; Published: 17 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001007

Abstract

We summarize and discuss a self-consistent screening and magneto-transport theory, developed to understand the results of scanning-force-microscope experiments on the current distribution in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES), located in a narrow Hall bar under the conditions of the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and its breakdown. The theory explains why, at low temperatures, at certain intervals of the applied perpendicular magnetic field, the current density is confined to “incompressible stripes” (ISs [...]

2017 15469

Open Access Case Report

Transient Phenomenon in Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals

H. Hakemi ,

M. Khenkin ,

R. Tamari and

D. Gal-Fuss

Received: 10 December 2019; Published: 05 March 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001006

Abstract

In the present study, we report the experimental results related to the transient phenomenon, i.e., the time-dependent changes in the electro-optical properties of as-made polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films prepared by the UV-curing phase-separation method. This phenomenon occurs explicitly via polymer-induced phase separation when the matrix curing is not complete, some liquid crystal plasticized in the matrix, and some uncured pre-polymer components remain in the liquid crystal droplets. The outcome is [...]

2205 14172

Open Access Review

Biomedical Applications of Wrinkling Polymers

Ryan L Dimmock ,

Xuyiling Wang ,

Yibin Fu ,

Alicia J El Haj and

Ying Yang

Received: 09 December 2019; Published: 28 February 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001005

Abstract

Advancements in surface engineering and material fabrication techniques have enabled the creation and replication of naturally occurring surface topographies or the extrapolation of natural patterns to become achievable targets. Polymers are used extensively in the field of biomedical sciences for containment, handling, and as cell culture substrates. It is well established that several polymers exhibit good biocompatibility for cell culture, with properties that include exhibiting minimal to no cytotoxicity and be [...]

3242 22621

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of the Processing Method for the Development of Hybrid Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds

Maria Alonso-González ,

José Fernando Rubio-Valle ,

Victor Perez-Puyana ,

Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado and

Alberto Romero

Received: 01 November 2019; Published: 26 February 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001004

Abstract

The present study deals with the development of scaffolds based on gelatin (G) and/or chitosan (CH) through modifications in the central processing method. This process consists of the fabrication of a hydrogel which is, then submitted to a freeze-drying stage. To compare the effects of the different modifications, the mechanical properties of the various systems were characterized, employing both dynamic compressive strain and frequency sweep tests. In addition, their porosity as well as the structure and fiber di [...]

2181 11361

Open Access Original Research

Initial Adhesion Behavior of Osteoblast on Titanium with Sub-Micron Scale Roughness

Satoshi Migita and

Tomoya Yamaguchi

Received: 18 September 2019; Published: 14 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001003

Abstract

The surface roughness of titanium could regulate various cellular functions such as survival and growth. In the context of cell adhesion to materials, cell spreading and cell shape are also closely linked to various cellular functions. Previously, we found that Ti substrate with a 100-nm scale surface roughness reduced cell survival. However, effects of surface roughness on cell shape were not investigated. Herein, we quantified the initial adhesion behavior of osteoblasts on a Ti substrate with ~100 nm scale surfa [...]

2832 15763

Open Access Original Research

Relativistic Wigner Function for Quantum Walks

Fabrice Debbasch

Received: 15 October 2019; Published: 06 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001002

Abstract

A relativistic Wigner function for free Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) on the square 2D space-time lattice is defined. The transport equation obeyed by the relativistic Wigner function is derived in terms of discrete derivatives and degenerates in the continuum limit into the transport equation obeyed by the Wigner function of 2D Dirac fermions. The first corrections to the continuous equation induced by the discreteness of the lattice are also determined and the similarities with non-quantum relativistic tran [...]

2288 16079

Open Access Original Research

Phase Equilibria of Flexible Polymer and Monomer Liquid Crystal Blends

Hassan-Ali Hakemi and

Ghazal Hakemi

Received: 05 December 2019; Published: 03 January 2020; doi: 10.21926/rpm.2001001

Abstract

In this study, we explored the phase equilibria in blends of a nematic liquid crystal monomer and a nematic liquid crystal flexible polymer within the whole composition of the phase diagram. The crystal-nematic and nematic-isotropic transition temperatures, as well as the transition enthalpies and entropies, indicated the total miscibility in this mesogenic blend system. We also extracted an empirical axial ratio of 4.52 for the polymer from the nematic-isotropic transitions of the blends. Further, from the biphasi [...]

1982 11088

Open Access Original Research

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tune Oxidative Degradation Rates in Composite Shape Memory Polymers

Andrew Weems ,

Wenyan Li ,

Duncan Maitland and

Luz Marina Calle

Received: 12 September 2019; Published: 31 December 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904008

Abstract

Biomedical applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs) are limited by their biostability, degradability, and possible toxicity risks after implantation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to increase the oxidative biostability (increase time until degradation occurs) using antioxidants and to induce oxidative degradation through incorporation of hydrogen peroxide-containing MSNs with modified surfaces. The presented results confirm increased oxidative stability using antioxidants, and alternatively, [...]

2154 12025

Open Access Research Article

Silk-CNT Mediated Fibroblast Stimulation toward Chronic Wound Repair

Naiwei Chi ,

Shuyao Zheng ,

Elwin Clutter and

Rong Wang

Received: 30 October 2019; Published: 18 December 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904007

Abstract

Background:Diabetic patients suffer from chronic wounds partly due to altered function of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of diabetic patients synthesize collagen I (COLI) at a much higher level than collagen III (COLIII), resulting in delayed tissue granulation and, consequently, a delay in the overall wound healing process. Methods:We aimed to revive the matrix protein productivity of diabetic fibroblasts by employing aligned, electrically conductive and biocompatible spider silk-CNT fibers as a cell culture matrix to m [...]

2800 14198

Open Access Review

Engineering Bacterial Cellulose for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Sana Sandhu ,

Anindita Arpa ,

Xi Chen ,

Rahul Kumar and

Justyn Jaworski

Received: 15 September 2019; Published: 25 November 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Abstract

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]

3741 23714

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Deposition of Ultrathin SnTe Films

Taise M. Manhabosco ,

Shaul Aloni ,

Tevye R. Kuykendall ,

Sara M. Manhabosco ,

Ana Bárbara Batista ,

Jaqueline S. Soares ,

Ana Paula M. Barboza ,

Alan. B. de Oliveira ,

Ronaldo J. C. Batista and

Jeffrey J. Urban

Received: 06 September 2019; Published: 29 October 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904005

Abstract

Tin telluride (SnTe) ultrathin films were deposited electrochemically on polycrystalline and monocrystalline gold substrates using the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn and Te were studied systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry curves for Sn displayed a broad peak in the region between -0.15 V and -0.35 V, which was related to the under-potential deposition (UPD), while the curves for Te displayed a peak at 0.3 V for Te UPD. X-ray pho [...]

2296 90850

Open Access Original Research

Formulation-Properties of Novel Ibuprofen-Loaded Soy Protein Wound Dressings

Lia Ofek ,

Daniella Goder and

Meital Zilberman

Received: 31 July 2019; Published: 11 October 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904004

Abstract

Background:Wound management is an important field in medical care, as annually, millions of wounds require treatment worldwide. Soy protein is highly biocompatible, easily processed, and a relatively cheap natural polymer, which can be used for wound dressing applications. Methods:In this study, solvent cast soy protein films, plasticized by glycerol and cross-linked by glyoxal, were thermally treated and their mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of various processing parameters. Samples were then lo [...]

2491 10966

Open Access Review

Super-Resolution of Nano-Materials and Quantum Effects Obtained by Microspheres

Y. Ben-Aryeh

Received: 29 July 2019; Published: 04 September 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903003

Abstract

In this article, microsphere super-resolution, which are beyond the Abbe classical limit, are described. The conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is analyzed by using the geometry of the microsphere. In microsphere experiments, a nanojet is produced near the focal plane, where its width is smaller than the Abbe limit and remains unchanged in the axial direction for certain wavelengths. The interference between the evanescent waves being converted into propagating waves and the nanojet leads to an i [...]

2251 10880

Open Access Project Report

Evaluation of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Passive Rear Projection Screen Application

H. Hakemi ,

O. Pinshow and

D. Gal-Fuss

Received: 24 June 2019; Published: 07 August 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903002

Abstract

In the past few years, there have been many attempts to commercialize Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Rear Projection Screen (RPS) in electrically switchable films and glass products. This application is based on the exceptional image quality of PDLC at a wide viewing angle. However, due to the high price of conventional switchable PDLC privacy glass, the integration of RPS in PDLC failed to attract large multimedia and entertainment markets. An obvious solution to this problem is the independent develo [...]

3731 24865

Open Access Opinion

Valued Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles

Alexander Henn and

Maija-Liisa Mattinen

Received: 08 March 2019; Published: 26 April 2019; doi: 10.21926/rpm.1902001

Abstract

Technical lignins from the biorefinery, pulp, and paper industries are largely underutilized, even though this aromatic and randomly structured biopolymer could be an interesting raw material for advanced applications in addition to bulk daily goods. Recently, colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have gained much of the research interests due to the attractive multi-functional properties of the biopolymer. Utilization of lignin in nanoparticulate morphology resolves most of the drawbacks when using lignin (heterogenei [...]

3260 18889

Open Access Original Research

Precision Brain Tumour Diagnosis with Convolutional Recurrent Attention Networks

S.L. Jany Shabu ,

L. Lakshmanan ,

J. Refonaa ,

S. Dhamodaran ,

Aimin Li and

Saurav Mallik

Received: 25 May 2026; Published: 28 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603351

Abstract

Histological heterogeneity and complex imaging patterns make brain tumour diagnosis difficult. In order to make timely clinical decisions and plan personalised treatment, MRI multi-class brain tumour classification must be accurate. Expert evaluation in conventional image interpretation increases diagnostic burden and inter-observer variability. While current AI-based tumour classification methods have improved, learning discriminative spatial-contextual representations and giving clinically relevant model interpre [...]

31 114

Open Access Original Research

Incorporating Video Feedback into a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Treating Childhood Anxiety: Initial Findings after Delivering Super Skills for Life

Ioannis Syros ,

Anna Tsourdini ,

Blossom Fernandes and

Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous

Received: 25 November 2025; Published: 27 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603350

Abstract

The present study examined the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic intervention programme, Super Skills for Life (SSL), in children with clinical anxiety. SSL, in addition to the principles of cognitive and behavioral therapy, also incorporates video feedback and cognitive preparation as essential components of the treatment. The program was implemented in a clinical population in an NHS community child mental health unit. The sample consisted of 23 Greek-speaking elementary school children diagnosed with at least o [...]

47 187

Open Access Review

Mapping the Heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Multi-Omics Integration Studies

Elham Amjad and

Babak Sokouti

Received: 05 January 2026; Published: 25 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603349

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a widespread heterogeneity as per the psychiatric nosology, and traditional symptom-based diagnosis frameworks do not offer many clues regarding tailored therapy techniques. The recent development of multi-omics and data-driven solutions has now provided evidence for pathophysiologically different subtypes of MDD, moving the field toward precision psychiatry. The systematic review aggregates multimodal studies that combing neuroimaging, genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, met [...]

73 224

Open Access Original Research

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pituitary Adenoma: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study from Surabaya, Indonesia (2016-2020)

Tasya Fabiola Alim ,

Valentinus Besin and

Mariana Wahjudi

Received: 04 January 2026; Published: 24 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603348

Abstract

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign tumor, accounting for the majority of pituitary tumors. While extensive epidemiological data on PA exists globally, such data is limited in Indonesia. Epidemiological insights are crucial as disease patterns, including PA, can be ethnicity-dependent, and the incidence may differ across countries. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a cross-sectional study at a primary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving PA participants diagnosed between 2016 and 2020. The col [...]

100 235

Open Access Case Report

Moyamoya Disease in an 18-Month-Old Child with Down Syndrome: A Case Report, Surgical Management, and Literature Review

Daniel A. Encarnacion-Santos ,

Andrey Vladimirovish Dubovoy ,

Gennady Chmutin ,

Egor Chmutin ,

Emmanuel Batista-Geraldino ,

Shahboz Boboev Ibrohimovich and

Adam Romanovish Mainer

Received: 28 April 2026; Published: 21 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603347

Abstract

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by stenosis of the terminal portion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the formation of an abnormal collateral vascular network at the skull base. This condition was first described by Suzuki and Takaku in 1969. This case report aims to describe the surgical management and the pathological and physiological characteristics of moyamoya disease in a child, focusing on a rare case involving an infant with Down syndrome [...]

111 354

Open Access Review

The Role of Adaptive Immune Response in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Amyloid Beta-Reactive T Cells and Amyloid Beta-Specific Antibodies

Helen Cyntia Mago ,

Valentinus Besin ,

Astuti Prodjohardjono ,

Amelia Nur Vidyanti ,

Waode Fifin Ervina ,

Farizky Martriano Humardani and

Lisa Thalia Mulyanata

Received: 03 January 2026; Published: 21 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603346

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases among older people. Generally, there are two main pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease, including the accumulation of amyloid beta and the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated Tau protein in the brain. Recently, more studies have discovered that changes in the immune system can be one of the causes of amyloid-beta deposits. Amyloid-beta is a product of the breakdown of the glycoprotein amyloid precursor protein, a transmembrane [...]

114 399

Open Access Review

Computational Approaches to PTSD in the Middle East

Elham Amjad and

Babak Sokouti

Received: 17 December 2025; Published: 11 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603345

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a major mental health threat in the Middle East, where people experience ongoing conflict, displacement, and trauma. This study summarizes the use of computational and data-driven approaches, including machine learning (ML), biomarker identification, network analysis, and factor analysis, to understand, diagnose, and treat PTSD in the Middle East. A detailed search of the Scopus database led to the inclusion of only relevant original/research studies that met strict inclus [...]

387 904

Open Access Original Research

Knowledge and Information in Epistemic Dynamics

Vincenzo Manca

Received: 27 March 2026; Published: 11 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603344

Abstract

This paper proposes a general theory of cognitive systems that inverts the conventional relationship between information and knowledge. While classical approaches define knowledge as the byproduct of processed information, we establish knowledge as a primitive concept and formulate information as a measure emerging from the process of assimilating knowledge. The epistemic measure of information provides a formal counterpart to Piaget’s assimilation-accommodation paradigm, expressed in terms of knowledge encoding co [...]

256 708

Open Access Review

Neurobiological Effects of the Functional Magnetic Stimulation Chair: What Do We Know and What Do We Still Have to Discover? A Narrative Review

Giacomo Farì ,

Sara Clelia Longo ,

Morena Pitruzzella ,

Francesco Quarta ,

Marisa Megna ,

Maurizio Ranieri ,

Simone Della Tommasa ,

Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni ,

Giustino Varrassi ,

Francesco Agostini and

Andrea Bernetti

Received: 26 January 2026; Published: 09 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603343

Abstract

This narrative literature review aims to examine and hypothesize about the neurobiological effects of the Tesla Functional Magnetic Stimulation (FMS) chair through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and arXiv databases. A critical finding emerged: published research specifically investigating the Tesla FMS chair and its neurobiological mechanisms is extremely limited. Among the papers identified and ranked by relevance, only one study directly examined a Tesla-branded FMS chai [...]

272 810

Open Access Review

Dual-Task Training and Walking Performance After Stroke: Neurological and Functional Perspectives

Farida Arisanti ,

Bejo Ropii ,

Yunia Sribudiani ,

Lisda Amalia ,

Julia Patrick Engkasan and

Vitriana Biben

Received: 19 January 2026; Published: 06 August 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603342

Abstract

Post-stroke ambulation demands significant cognitive regulation, particularly in complex environments that require concurrent motor and cognitive processing. Challenges in the coordination between cognitive functions and motor skills lead to reduced adaptability in walking, an increased fall risk, and limitations in moving around the community among stroke survivors. To integrate recent evidence on dual-task gait training post-stroke, with particular focus on the neurological mechanisms underlying cognitive-motor i [...]

252 899

Open Access Original Research

Digital Stress, Sleep Quality, and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being Among Migrant University Students in the United Arab Emirates

Jamal Magantor

Received: 14 March 2026; Published: 22 July 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603341

Abstract

The proliferation of digital technology has introduced novel stressors that may disproportionately affect migrant adolescents and young adults, a growing demographic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to investigate the associations between digital stress, emotion regulation, sleep quality, and psychological well-being (depression and anxiety) in this population. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with 275 multinational migrant university students (≥18 years) residing in the UAE. P [...]

532 1578

Open Access Original Research

Clinical-Neurological Features and Cognitive Deficit in Chronic Alcoholic Encephalopathies

Oleksandr M. Stoyanov ,

Valeriy Y. Kalashnikov ,

Rooslan S. Vastyanov ,

Yevgen V. Oprya ,

Yuriy V. Melnyk ,

Yana I. Kuhel and

Tamara O. Andreeva

Received: 09 March 2026; Published: 06 July 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603340

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive clinical, neurological, and neuropsychological analysis of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy (CAE) as a systemic toxic-metabolic lesion of the central nervous system, characterized by a stage-dependent progressive course that is not a direct equivalent of the stages of alcohol dependence. Based on the examination of 66 patients with CAE of varying severity, the disease is shown to involve a combination of diffuse neurological symptoms (cerebellar, vestibular, pyramidal, sensorimo [...]

515 1552

Open Access Original Research

Association of EGF +61A/G (rs4444903) Polymorphism and Serum EGF Levels with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case–Control Study

Farhad Mashayekhi ,

Masoumeh Khalili and

Zivar Salehi

Received: 27 December 2025; Published: 15 June 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602339

Abstract

Research has demonstrated the significant role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in synaptic plasticity and the pathogenesis of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to assess the correlation between EGF +61A/G (rs4444903) polymorphism and its serum level with ASD. Blood samples were collected from 200 ASD and 200 controls for DNA extraction, and genotyping was carried out using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Additionally, EGF serum concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immuno [...]

591 1416

Open Access Original Research

Psychosocial Death Education in Schools: Insights from Experienced Practitioners

Erika Iacona ,

Matteo Rigo ,

Sara Moroni ,

Letizia Bosetti and

Ines Testoni

Received: 21 November 2025; Published: 29 May 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602338

Abstract

Death Education is an emerging field aimed at developing psychological and social competencies for engaging with death and dying. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 17 professionals—including psychologists, teachers, and spiritual counselors—implementing Death Education interventions in schools. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically, revealing four key domains: (1) facilitators’ personal relationship with death and motivation; (2) children’s and adolescents’ representations of death; [...]

635 1752

Open Access Review

The Integration of Cognitive Neuroscience Principles in Communication Education: A Comprehensive Review of Curricular Designs and Skill Transfer Efficacy

Hatef Pourrashidi Alibogloo

Received: 02 November 2025; Published: 18 May 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602337

Abstract

This review explores the integration of cognitive neuroscience principles into communication education, focusing on how neuroscience-informed curricular designs enhance skill acquisition and transfer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across primary scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC, to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2025. Following a multi-stage screening process based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 peer-reviewed scienti [...]

897 2545

Open Access Original Research

Breaking Cognitive Barriers: Comparing Neurobic and Aerobic Approaches in Dementia Care

Rajalaxmi Visvanathan ,

Kavya Vembudurai ,

Sridevi Gopathy ,

Janaga Ranjani Sankar ,

Sugasri Sureshkumar ,

Meena Gupta and

Mohan Kumar Govindharaj

Received: 04 December 2025; Published: 09 May 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602336

Abstract

The study aimed to compare the effects of neurobic and aerobic approaches in Dementia care. Dementia is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a decline in cognitive abilities, including thinking, reasoning, and memory. In India, it is estimated that 74% of adults aged 60 and older are affected, totaling around 8.8 million individuals. Neurobics refers to exercises designed to enhance oxygen flow and invigorate the brain by engaging in novel activities, situations, or experiences. This may include attending liv [...]

1921 3192

Open Access Case Report

Rehabilitation in a Patient with Spastic Quadriplegia and Pneumonia: The Physiatrist’s Point of View Through the Analysis of a Case Report

Valerio Massimo Magro ,

Andrea Sorbino ,

Concetta Ljoka ,

Nicola Manocchio and

Calogero Foti

Received: 17 September 2025; Published: 08 May 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602335

Abstract

Patients with severe neurological sequelae often experience profound motor deconditioning that, combined with impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced lung volume, and the presence of tracheostomy, predisposes them to pulmonary infections and serious respiratory complications. A 24-year-old male with spastic quadriplegia secondary to childhood cerebral hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation, tracheostomy with a cuffed cannula under mechanical ventilation, and hydrocephalus treated with a ventriculoperitoneal [...]

656 1906

Open Access Review

Neurotransmitters in the Modulation of Stress: A Bibliometric Mapping and Visual Analysis (2000–2023)

Mehwish Qamar ,

Asma Hayati Ahmad ,

Sarina Sulong ,

Ambreen Tauseef and

Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman

Received: 09 November 2025; Published: 05 May 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602334

Abstract

Stress is a multifaceted response involving physiological, psychological, and behavioural processes, with neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine playing key modulatory roles. This study aimed to map global research trends on stress and neurotransmitters, identify thematic clusters, and highlight emerging frontiers relevant to health and disease. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 4,132 publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2023. Data were retrieved and processed using Exce [...]

695 1969

Open Access Review

Exposure to Environmental Toxicants: Glymphatic System Dysfunction and Its Implications on Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami ,

Reyhaneh Shenasi ,

Nioosha Pahnavar and

Maryam Golmohammadi

Received: 30 October 2025; Published: 27 April 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602333

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a glia-dependent network surrounding blood vessels that facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, playing a crucial role in clearing neuro-metabolites from the brain. This system’s efficiency in transporting waste significantly increases during non-rapid eye movement non-REM sleep. Recent findings suggests that malfunctioning of the glymphatic system might be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a [...]

1066 3302

Open Access Review

The Prevalence of Autism in the World: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohammad Hossein Ekvan ,

Ali Sahebi ,

Maryam Kord ,

Zahra Soltanali ,

Amir Hossein Ahmadi and

Somayeh Mohamadi

Received: 05 December 2025; Published: 13 April 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602332

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent challenges in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism and autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in normal and abnormal groups, such as premature infants or seizure patients, using an umbrella review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and searches were conducted with [...]

1101 3626

Open Access Review

The Multi-Biophysical Nature of Computation in Brain Neural Networks

William Winlow and

Andrew Simon Johnson

Received: 04 August 2025; Published: 13 April 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602331

Abstract

Comprehending the nature of nerve communication is fundamental to our understanding of the functioning of nervous systems in general. The ionic mechanisms underlying action potentials in the squid giant axon were first described by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952, and their findings have formed our orthodox view of how the physiological action potential functions. However, substantial evidence has now accumulated to show that the action potential is accompanied by a synchronized coupled soliton pressure pulse in the cel [...]

743 2122

Open Access Review

Linking Brain, Hormones, and Metabolism: Pathophysiology and Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Cardiometabolic Side Effects

Walter Milano ,

Roberta Campanile ,

Magda Marchese ,

Maria Francesca Milano ,

Ludovica Ragozino ,

Bianca Maria Saetta and

Anna Capasso

Received: 22 October 2025; Published: 09 April 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602330

Abstract

This narrative review explores the pathophysiological consequences, neuroendocrine processes, and treatment approaches aimed at reducing the cardiometabolic adverse effects linked to antipsychotic medications; in particular, it highlights recent mechanistic advances in receptor-mediated metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutic implications. Schizophrenia, which is a long-term and debilitating disorder, correlates with a substantially shorter life expectancy (15-20 years less than that of the general populac [...]

1430 5139

Open Access Research Article

Central Post-Stroke Pain: Frequency, Clinical Characteristics, and Associated Factors

Riki Sukiandra ,

Dini Hanania ,

M. Zacky Haikal and

Muhammad Faaiz Adlii

Received: 09 December 2025; Published: 27 March 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601329

Abstract

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a frequently underrecognized complication that contributes to long-term disability among stroke survivors. This study aimed to determine the frequency of CPSP and to describe its clinical characteristics and associated factors among stroke patients treated at Arifin Achmad General Hospital. A cross-sectional design was employed and included adult stroke patients with diagnoses confirmed by neuroimaging. CPSP was diagnosed based on the clinical criteria proposed by Klit et al., and [...]

775 3208

Open Access Original Research

Image Generation Inspired by Electroencephalography for Neuromarketing Applications Using Extracted Features from Transformer-Based Models

Mahsa Zeynali ,

Hadi Seyedarabi and

Reza Afrouzian

Received: 25 September 2025; Published: 10 March 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601328

Abstract

The design of products in Neuromarketing using machine learning methods has been a continuous challenge in Computer-aided design. Previously, deep learning techniques have been applied to generate random images for domains such as furniture, fashion, and product design. However, using deep generative methods requires a large amount of data and overlooks human aspects in the design process. This paper aims to extract human perceptual factors from brain signals using a Transformer-based model and involve them in arti [...]

1126 3234

Open Access Review

Migraine Surgery: Assessment of the Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes of Different Trigger Sites

Elisa Bertulla ,

Ilaria Baldelli ,

Andrea Antonini and

Edoardo Raposio

Received: 14 November 2025; Published: 28 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601327

Abstract

Migraine surgery is primarily indicated for patients with chronic migraine who are refractory to conventional pharmacological treatments. The procedure aims to deactivate peripheral trigger sites—anatomical zones where migraines can be triggered by nerve compression and irritation. The most common trigger areas are the frontal, occipital, and temporal. This review seeks to analyse the prevalence of treatment and corresponding success rates for these three main trigger sites. A systematic review was conducted on Pub [...]

969 3521

Open Access Original Research

Aversion But Not Aggression: Emotional Traits of KM Rats in Sociability Tests

Nadezhda D Broshevitskaya ,

Anastasia A Rebik ,

Lidia M Birioukova ,

Maria I. Zaichenko and

Inna S Midzyanovskaya

Received: 28 September 2025; Published: 25 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601326

Abstract

The inbred Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rat strain, characterized by latent genetic epilepsy, reduced social motivation, and a high propensity for freezing, is a promising model for translational research of social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In clinical practice, social deficits often lead to social withdrawal and can be accompanied by aggression. It was unknown if KM rats exhibit such aggression during inescapable social encounters. We assessed intraspecific aggression in KM and control rats using th [...]

1120 2672

Open Access Original Research

Examining the Pre-Hospital Workflow of Stroke Patients Referred with Code SAMA (724) and their Outcome in the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital (AS)

Alireza Ala ,

Samad Shams Vahdati ,

Eliyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi ,

Sadaf Jalilzadeh ,

Mahsa Kashtkar and

Asghar Jafari Rouhi

Received: 22 February 2025; Published: 25 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601325

Abstract

The "Sama Code" is a protocol implemented in Iranian pre-hospital emergency services to manage time and treat patients with suspected stroke symptoms based on the FAST criteria. This study aims to analyze the workflow of patients with stroke symptoms transferred under the Sama Code. All patients with neurological symptoms who were brought to Imam Reza Hospital by pre-hospital emergency services after activating the Sama Code during the years 2021 and 2022 were included in the study. Data were collected from pre-hos [...]

904 2400

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Governmental and Workplace Measures on the Employment Sustainability of Chronically Ill Individuals

Mona-Elisa Eberharter

Received: 03 November 2025; Published: 12 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601324

Abstract

Using a two-stage qualitative design (Stage 1: expert interviews; Stage 2: biographical interviews with people with MS), existing governmental and organizational support measures for maintaining the work capacity of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) were analyzed, and proposals for improvement were developed. Additional state support measures were proposed, including relaxing the criteria for state assistance, creating a centralized contact point for MS-specific inquiries, and enhancing collaboration between [...]

909 2149

Open Access Review

Advancing Mathematical Learning in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder through Serious Games and Educational Robotics: A Mini Review

Fabrizio Stasolla ,

Enza Curcio ,

Antonio Zullo ,

Mariacarla Di Gioia and

Anna Passaro

Received: 04 November 2025; Published: 10 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601323

Abstract

Mathematical learning often presents persistent challenges for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) due to differences in Executive Functioning (EF), cognitive flexibility, and symbolic reasoning. These factors can hinder the development of numerical understanding and pre-mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking, frequently resulting in disengagement and anxiety. In recent years, digital and embodied technologies—particularly Serious Games (SG) and Educational Robotics [...]

1596 5133

Open Access Review

Exposure to Mycotoxins: Neurological Disorders and Psychiatric Manifestations

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami ,

Nioosha Pahnavar ,

Reyhaneh Shenasi and

Maryam Golmohammadi

Received: 27 October 2025; Published: 09 February 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601322

Abstract

Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and molds, have negative health impacts on both humans and animals. They are commonly found in foods such as nuts, coffee, cereals, and grains, particularly in regions with warm, humid climates. Among the most prevalent mycotoxins in these foods are aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, patulin, and deoxynivalenol (DON). The presence of mold capable of producing mycotoxins within food contributes to an elevated risk of various illnesses, including those r [...]

2556 11132

Open Access Commentary

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Difficult-to-Treat Depression: From Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Multi-Target Immunopsychiatric Interventions

Walter Paganin

Received: 30 July 2025; Published: 27 January 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601321

Abstract

Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) with inflammatory features (e.g., hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and/or elevated IL-6) may represent a clinically and biologically distinct presentation characterized by chronicity, functional impairment, prominent cognitive-motivational symptoms, and suboptimal response to conventional treatments. Classical anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g., COX-2 inhibitors or cytokine-targeting biologics) have shown signals of efficacy in selected biomarker-enriched subgroups; however, overall evidence remai [...]

1803 5350

Open Access Perspective

Optimizing Psychopharmacotherapy Using Personality Biomarkers: A Seven-Factor Model Perspective

Mohsen Khosravi

Received: 19 September 2025; Published: 26 January 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601320

Abstract

Personalized psychopharmacotherapy remains a critical yet underdeveloped frontier in psychiatry, as traditional approaches often fail to address substantial interindividual variability in drug efficacy and tolerability. While demographic, clinical, and genetic factors have improved treatment precision, they do not fully account for observed heterogeneity. Recent advances highlight the promise of personality traits, particularly as operationalized by Cloninger’s Seven-Factor Model, as novel biomarkers for treatment [...]

1234 3304

Open Access Original Research

Evidence for an Impact of Super Skills for Life on Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in Greek Anxious Children

Ioannis Syros ,

Anna Tsourdini ,

Blossom Fernandes and

Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous

Received: 23 September 2025; Published: 22 January 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601319

Abstract

Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic psychoeducational program designed for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. Empirically documented studies to date have demonstrated its immediate and long-term effectiveness in different contexts. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the SSL program to reduce emotional and behavioral difficulties in a clinical sample of Greek-speaking primary school children aged 6 to 12. The program was implemented over [...]

1129 3216

Open Access Short Review

The Role of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Chemical Neuroscience: Implications for Drug Development

Ferydoon Khamooshi ,

Samaneh Doraji-Bonjar ,

Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam and

Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi

Received: 03 May 2025; Published: 04 January 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601318

Abstract

The study explores the crucial biological function of nitrogen in cyclic and acyclic structures with resonance potential, including tetrazoles, pyrroles, piperidines, and carbamates, within the realm of chemical neuroscience. It highlights the importance of these compounds for their biological properties and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central nervous system (CNS). The study emphasizes the necessity for neurochemical drugs, like morphine, to effectively cross the BBB, as modifi [...]

1277 4047

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Neurobiology in 2025

OBM Neurobiology Editorial Office

Received: 04 January 2026; Published: 04 January 2026; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601317

Abstract

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2025. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of [...]

971 2113

Open Access Original Research

Psychological Flexibility in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls

Zekeriya Temircan

Received: 09 March 2025; Published: 31 December 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504316

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the psychological flexibility of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to healthy controls. Psychological flexibility is a key construct related to mental health and adaptive functioning, and understanding its levels in BPD can provide insight into symptom severity and treatment outcomes. The study included 58 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 62 healthy volunteer controls, all meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants completed [...]

934 3445

Open Access Review

Neurobiology of Cancer Pain: A Narrative Review

Giustino Varrassi ,

Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni ,

Giacomo Farì ,

Annalisa Caruso ,

Ameen Abdulhasan Al-Alwany ,

Marco Mercieri ,

Joseph V. Pergolizzi and

Rocìo Guillen

Received: 10 September 2025; Published: 12 December 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504315

Abstract

Chronic cancer pain results from the complex interaction of nociceptive, neuropathic, and neuroimmune mechanisms, which vary according to tumor type, location, stage, and treatment history. Recent advances in cancer neuroscience have reframed pain as a dynamic manifestation of reciprocal tumor–nerve–immune interactions, rather than a mere consequence of tissue damage. In this model, malignant, stromal, and immune cells remodel nociceptive circuits at peripheral and central levels. This narrative review, conducted i [...]

2238 6811

Open Access Review

The Relationship between Hereditary Predisposition and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia Development

Rustam Nailevich Mustafin

Received: 17 August 2025; Published: 08 December 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504314

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental disorder associated with multiple SNPs in the human genome, located mainly outside the annotated protein-coding genes. These regions contain a large number of retroelements, which drive epigenetic regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that schizophrenia-associated SNPs exert their influence on the pathological functioning and activation of retroelements, which contribute to epigenetic imbalance in the brain with the development of pathological processes. A reflection of the [...]

1047 3522

Open Access Original Research

Technology to Help People with Blindness and Intellectual Disability Manage Indoor Travel: Anticipating and Bypassing Obstacles

Giulio E. Lancioni ,

Gloria Alberti ,

Chiara Filippini ,

Nirbhay N. Singh ,

Mark F. O’Reilly and

Jeff Sigafoos

Received: 18 August 2025; Published: 27 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504313

Abstract

Recent work with people with blindness and intellectual disability assessed a technology-aided program intended to help eight participants travel indoor routes to reach relevant destinations. The technology included a smartphone, two barcode readers worn by the participants at their ankles, barcodes displayed at specific points of the travel routes, and a mini speaker. The technology ensured that participants received verbal instructions on how to proceed (e.g., take a left turn, cross from one side to the other of [...]

837 2987

Open Access Commentary

Loneliness, Love and Their Connection: A Commentary

Ami Rokach

Received: 24 August 2025; Published: 25 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504312

Abstract

A significant social stigma is associated with loneliness. The prevalence of social isolation, in the dawn of the 21st century points to the growing isolation in America. Lonely people who commonly display negative self-perceptions, show great difficulty to establish social ties, and that may be related to their personal inadequacies, or socially undesirable attributes. Lonely people suffer from a low social perception, painting them as less psychologically adjusted, and not very capable in relating to others. That [...]

1033 3783

Open Access Research Article

Investigating Mental Health Literacy and Its Relationship with Addiction to Social Networks among Allied Medical Sciences Students

Mohammad Azimi Tabas ,

Maryam Kazerani ,

Azam Shahbodaghi and

Reza Taherian

Received: 24 June 2025; Published: 19 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504311

Abstract

The widespread use of social media among college students has become a significant concern due to its potential impact on mental health and addictive behaviors. Social media platforms, while offering numerous benefits, can also foster environments that contribute to addiction, depression, and anxiety. College students, in particular, are vulnerable to these effects due to their high levels of social media engagement and the pressures of academic life. Mental health literacy, which involves understanding and managin [...]

999 4133

Open Access Review

Biochemical Foundations of Emotion Regulation: Implications for Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions-A Narrative Review

Marina M Gerges and

Vladimir Kosonogov

Received: 02 May 2025; Published: 19 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504310

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) involves processes by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of emotional responses, and its dysregulation is associated with a broad spectrum of psychological disorders. While traditionally conceptualized within psychological frameworks, ER is increasingly recognized as biologically grounded, involving intricate interactions between neurochemical, hormonal, and metabolic systems. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on biochemical substrates [...]

3115 12779

Open Access Case Report

Nursing Care for a Patient with a Risk of Suicide Due to Depression Using the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Approach: Case Study

Icih Susanti ,

Noki Irawan Saputra ,

Lina Budiyanti ,

Aam Amalia ,

Rohman Hikmat and

Iyus Yosep

Received: 11 September 2025; Published: 17 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504309

Abstract

Adolescent depression is linked to suicidal ideation and attempts. Nurses are well-positioned to deliver brief, supportive interventions. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) emphasizes solutions and the activation of personal resources. To describe the feasibility and clinical utility of SFBT, delivered alongside pharmacotherapy, for reducing suicide risk in an adolescent with depression. Single-case report using a nursing process approach in a 17-year-old female inpatient with a major depressive episode and high [...]

1382 6143

Open Access Research Article

Sleep and Mood as Mechanisms Linking Trauma Exposure to Alcohol Use in South African First Responders: A Serial Mediation Analysis

Tyrone Pretorius and

Anita Padmanabhanunni

Received: 15 June 2025; Published: 14 November 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504308

Abstract

First responders are routinely exposed to traumatic events in the line of duty, placing them at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes, including substance use. This study investigated the psychological mechanisms linking trauma exposure to alcohol use, specifically examining the serial mediating roles of insomnia and depression. A sample of 429 first responders (309 police officers and 120 paramedics) from the Western Cape, South Africa, completed an online survey comprising the Life Events Checklist-5 [...]

1065 3895

Open Access Review

A Narrative Review on the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Anxiety

Buket Kılıç and

Dilek Ünal

Received: 31 May 2025; Published: 27 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504307

Abstract

Although anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are common co-morbidities, the relationship between autistic traits and anxiety disorders/symptoms has been increasingly researched in recent years. This review aims to compile the studies conducted on this topic and enhance our understanding of it. All publications up to September 1, 2024, on PubMed that contained the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘autistic traits’, ‘autism feature’, ‘autism-like symptoms’, and ‘ASD-like symptoms’, in their titles or abstracts were reviewed. [...]

1816 7318

Open Access Original Research

Mechanisms of Self-Awareness, Influence, and Self-Identification

Liana Spytska

Received: 04 April 2025; Published: 27 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504306

Abstract

World socio-political growth is shaped by globalization, integration, and multiculturalism, which also impact individual self-perception. Understanding personal development requires studying self-awareness, self-identification, and influence to identify internal requirements and external influences. The study examined self-awareness, self-identification, influence, and their relationships, as well as psychological interventions for self-assessment and self-realization. To attain the research goal, analysis, synthes [...]

1724 30057

Open Access Review

Mycotoxins Exposure: Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Behavioral Alteration

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami and

Joseph P Reiss

Received: 13 June 2025; Published: 21 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504305

Abstract

Evidence from recent studies has suggested a significant association between mycotoxin exposure and neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to the onset of neurocognitive disorders during key developmental stages of the brain. Various research highlights how exposure to these toxins is correlated with a decline in cognitive performance, reduced motor skills, and behavioral issues. Mycotoxins are also implicated in interfering with neuronal signaling pathways and the functioning of neurotransmitters, which may l [...]

1736 8707

Open Access Original Research

The Influence of Gender and Academic Achievement on University Students' Perceptions of LMS-Based Self-Regulated Learning in Korea

Yongjeong Kim ,

Saera Kwak and

Taejin Koh

Received: 28 April 2025; Published: 09 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504304

Abstract

This study examines how university students perceive Learning Management System (LMS)-based instruction within the context of higher education, as they adapt to the rapid digital transformation. Specifically, it examines how students' perceptions differ based on gender and academic achievement, providing insights for more inclusive and adaptive instructional design. LMS platforms, when actively utilized, offer more than just content delivery—they can enhance classroom transparency, provide immediate feedback, promo [...]

1324 5070

Open Access Research Article

Technology Support to Enable People with Severe Intellectual Disability and Blindness to Carry Out Occupational Activities and Transition Between Them Independently

Giulio E. Lancioni ,

Gloria Alberti ,

Chiara Filippini ,

Nirbhay N. Singh ,

Mark F. O’Reilly and

Jeff Sigafoos

Received: 14 July 2025; Published: 09 October 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2504303

Abstract

People with severe intellectual disability and blindness tend to perform only simple occupational activities and are mostly unable to transition between those activities. This inability makes their level of occupation independent of staff support fairly limited. Technology-aided programs may be one of the few opportunities available to increase their independent occupation. This study assessed one such program designed to (a) monitor the participants’ responses and guide them to transition to a new activity once th [...]

980 3529

Open Access Original Research

Interactive and Deep Learning-Powered EEG-BCI for Wrist Rehabilitation: A Game-based Prototype Study

Ebru Sayilgan

Received: 14 August 2025; Published: 24 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503302

Abstract

Motor deficits induced by neurological disorders impose a severe impact on activities of daily life. Conventional rehabilitation practices necessitate ongoing clinical supervision, which is costly and inaccessible. EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a viable solution by facilitating neurorehabilitation through the direct interpretation of brain signals. Nonetheless, current systems are confronted with issues of real-time control, portability, and classification precision. The paper describes a n [...]

1915 13088

Open Access Case Report

Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in Socially Isolated Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Hardiyati Hardiyati ,

Iyus Yosep ,

Meita Dhamayanti ,

Veranita Pandia and

Rohman Hikmat

Received: 17 May 2025; Published: 15 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503301

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the impact of mindfulness training on Mr. A, a 17-year-old adolescent with schizophrenia experiencing social isolation and severe anxiety. The subject, Mr. A, is a 17-year-old male who presented with significant anxiety symptoms, including excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, heart palpitations, rapid breathing, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms were accompanied by behaviors of social withdrawal, emotional detachment, and reluctance to communicate [...]

1203 4716

Open Access Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS) among Iranian Adolescents

Nahid Hoseininezhad ,

Roghieh Nooripour ,

Davod Fathi ,

Parviz Fadakar Gabalou and

Seyedeh Monavar Yazdi

Received: 11 February 2025; Published: 01 September 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503300

Abstract

Interpersonal mindfulness, involving present-moment awareness and acceptance during social interactions, is crucial for emotional regulation and adaptive interpersonal functioning. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), a 27-item instrument with four subscales: presence, awareness of self and others, nonjudgmental acceptance, and nonreactivity. The cross-sectional sample included 15- to 17-year-old Iranian adolescents (2023–2024), r [...]

1457 7110

Open Access Original Research

Neural Network of Alpha Rhythm rs-EEG Activity for the Assessment of Consciousness in Psychopathology

Sergey Lytaev and

Ksenia Belskaya

Received: 18 December 2024; Published: 29 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503299

Abstract

Consciousness is an integrative process that combines several executive functions, as well as the analytical and synthetic activity of the brain. In some psychopathological conditions, in particular, in schizophrenia, low-information "borderline" disorders of the executive functions and consciousness are often formed at the onset. The present study was aimed at assessing the integration of the bran alpha regulatory system and the modulation of consciousness based on the data of recording the alpha rhythm of resting [...]

1272 5742

Open Access Review

A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Explainable AI Approaches in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abdulmalik Ahmad Lawan ,

Hauwa Zakariyya Abdullahi ,

Abdullahi Yunusa Abdullahi and

Sadiya Tahir

Received: 16 January 2025; Published: 15 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503298

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant heterogeneity in symptoms and comorbid conditions. Studies have shown the value of early and accurate diagnosis in mitigating the associated social and behavioral challenges. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential of machine learning (ML) models in identifying ASD patterns from neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral data. However, the limited interpretability of these models poses a barrier to their clinical adopti [...]

1538 9804

Open Access Short Review

Loneliness or Solitude: How Are They Different?

Ami Rokach

Received: 08 May 2025; Published: 14 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503297

Abstract

Loneliness, social isolation, aloneness, and solitude may be used interchangeably by some who may miss the difference between them. Loneliness is the experience of being alone, or perceiving that one is alone and unimportant to others. Solitude is being geographically isolated out of one’s choice. Loneliness is not a feeling, but a multidimensional construct which is expressed cognitively, behaviorally and affectively. solitude is also reviewed and a clear distinction between loneliness and solitude is established. [...]

2500 17720

Open Access Review

Advancing Objective Pain Measurement: Exploring the Potential of Electroencephalography Biomarkers

Samhani Ismail ,

Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Nashron ,

Mohd Hanifah Jusoh and

Abdul Nawfar Sadagatullah

Received: 26 February 2025; Published: 05 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503296

Abstract

Chronic pain involves complex cortical and subcortical changes, suggesting that brain electrical activity may be a potential biomarker for nociceptive processing. Pain leaves its signature in the brain's oscillatory patterns, yet limited studies have explored the neurophysiological alterations associated with chronic pain. This review examines the pain detection method currently used in clinical settings, the potential of neurophysiological features to become brain oscillatory brain biomarkers, and their use in fut [...]

1971 11454

Open Access Review

Maladjustment in Minority Youth from Community Network Disparities in the COVID-19 Lockdown Environment

Michael Okoronkwo ,

Aaron Mack ,

Keyana Varnado ,

Michael Alfred ,

Kevin Hardy ,

Amarachi Osuji ,

Percy Takyi ,

Gabriel Onor ,

Oluwatomi Akingbola and

Rahn Bailey

Received: 17 April 2024; Published: 04 August 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503295

Abstract

Pandemic lockdown orders resulted in closures to critical community networks. One such infrastructure was community recreation centers/parks. This infrastructure serves a critical role in building psychosocial wellness for youth. Socioeconomic minority youth face baseline disparity in center/park distribution and services. Youth recreation activity declined 50% as result of lockdown orders with corresponding decline in youth mental health status. Despite overall youth activity decline, White and high socioeconomic [...]

945 3939

Open Access Original Research

How Can Architectural Acoustics Reflect Levels of Stress and Relaxation in Indoor Environments? An EEG-Based Experimental Study

Navid Khaleghimoghaddam and

Sara Arzhangi

Received: 11 April 2025; Published: 31 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503294

Abstract

The acoustic design of indoor environments encompassing spatial configuration, material properties, and sound absorption significantly influences auditory perception and psychological well-being. This study examines the interaction between architectural acoustics, musical stimuli, and neural responses within a controlled therapeutic context, focusing on their effects on stress reduction and relaxation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was utilized to measure brain activity in 24 participants exposed to six musical inst [...]

2002 10810

Open Access Original Research

Protective Effects of Teucrium polium Extract Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia: Insights from Wild-Type and Acox1^⁻/⁻ Models

Alvard Minasyan and

Naira Sahakyan

Received: 20 May 2025; Published: 30 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503293

Abstract

Microglial activation and the associated oxidative or inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Teucrium polium (TP) ethanolic extract in murine BV-2 microglial cells, including wild-type (Wt) and peroxisomal β-oxidation-deficient Acox1-/- cell lines. The TP extract exhibited high antioxidant activity as assessed via the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 73.89 μ [...]

983 4479

Open Access Review

Integrating Neuroimaging, Biomarkers, and Rehabilitation Strategies for Optimized Diagnosis and Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

Robert Medina ,

Akanksha Dave ,

Candice Keogh ,

Jordan Bartfield ,

Franco Estenssoro ,

Melissa Fraga and

Brandon Lucke-Wold

Received: 28 February 2025; Published: 21 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503292

Abstract

This review examines a multimodal approach that integrates advanced neuroimaging, biofluid biomarkers, and innovative rehabilitation strategies for the optimized diagnosis and recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI remains a critical public health challenge due to its high incidence and diverse, long-lasting morbidities. Conventional diagnostic methods often lack the sensitivity to detect subtle injuries, and current prognostic models are limited by the heterogeneity of TBI. Emerging neuroimaging techniques, [...]

2638 12718

Open Access Review

Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in the Neuroinflammatory Cascade of Traumatic Brain Injury

Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi ,

Victor Oghenekparobo Emojevwe ,

Benneth Ben-Azu and

Ejayeta Jeroh

Received: 31 March 2025; Published: 09 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503291

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury is mechanical, the subsequent neuroinflammatory cascade plays a critical role in secondary injury and long-term neurological deficits. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play a key role in this cascade, interacting with neurons in a complex interplay that can both protect and exacerbate neuronal damage. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview [...]

1463 8187

Open Access Original Research

Natural Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain Management: A Case Series of 3 Patients with Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Migraine

Igor Val Danilov ,

Dace Medne and

Sandra Mihailova

Received: 09 February 2025; Published: 03 July 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2503290

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic pain occurs in various disorders due to correlated processes of spontaneous cortical reorganization and dysregulation of cortical excitability in consciousness-related networks. This case series tracks three patients with chronic pain associated with the menstrual cycle treated by a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique that applies qualities of the mother-fetus neurocognitive model. Previous research has shown that a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field an [...]

1370 6988

Open Access Review

Chemical Neuroscience of Heterocyclic N-Amines: Implications for Pain Management, Mental Health, and Opioid Withdrawal

Ferydoon Khamooshi ,

Samaneh Doraji-Bonjar ,

Habib Ghaznavi ,

Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi ,

Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam ,

Ali Navidian ,

Ali Khajeh and

Mohammad Kazem Momeni

Received: 05 December 2024; Published: 10 June 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502289

Abstract

This study reviews the biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications of N-heterocyclic amine drugs, particularly in the context of pain management, mental health, and opioid withdrawal. It highlights the structural diversity and receptor binding capabilities of these compounds, which enable them to target the nervous system and cross the blood-brain barrier effectively. The article discusses the role of opioids in pain relief, detailing their agonistic effects on opioid receptors and the subsequent risk of addic [...]

1614 9458

Open Access Original Research

The Relationship between Anger, Stress, Psychological Distress and Mood Disorders among Entrepreneurs

Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed and

Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 18 December 2024; Published: 26 May 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502288

Abstract

The present study investigates the association between anger, stress, psychological distress and mood disorders among Egyptian entrepreneurs. Approach-wise, the study is quantitative, and its cross-sectional data were collected using a questionnaire. The study’s respondents are Egyptian entrepreneurs involved in several business activities. Hence, the study concluded based on 286 valid responses. We used analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, where we conducted path analysis to conclude the results. C [...]

1624 10572

Open Access Review

Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

Adonis Sfera ,

Sabine Hazan ,

Jacob Anton ,

Ioana Ciuperca ,

Carolina Klein and

Karina G. Thomas

Received: 09 February 2025; Published: 09 May 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502287

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opener for many medical disciplines. It highlighted viral exploitation of physiological cellular processes, including endocytosis and cellular senescence. These pathways play an essential role in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Oxytocin, commonly called the “love hormone,” is produced in the posterior hypothalamus and is crucial for various physiological processes, including social intelligence, sexual activity, and metabolism. Many viruses, [...]

1166 5752

Open Access Original Research

Unraveling Bioactive Constituents Isolated from Knema hookeriana Warb. as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Abubakar Siddiq Salihu ,

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ,

Nurunajah Ab Ghani ,

Mohd Hafiz Arzmi ,

Bunleu Sungthong and

Ravikumar Kapavarapu

Received: 05 March 2025; Published: 27 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502286

Abstract

The Myristicaceae family, particularly the Knema genus, is renowned for its diverse bioactive compounds, including lignans, flavonoids, and phenolics. This study explores the phytochemical profile of Knema hookeriana Warb. leaves and evaluates their potential as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Phytochemical extraction was performed using a cold maceration method with a polarity-gradient solvent system (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). The isolated compounds were purified through chromatographic techniq [...]

1402 6972

Open Access Review

Mental Health Disorders Following Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals

Mojtaba Ehsanifar ,

Akram Gholami and

Alireza Esmaeili

Received: 27 October 2024; Published: 18 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502285

Abstract

There is growing scientific concern regarding how endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impact central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Both anecdotal and preclinical studies suggest a link between EDC exposure and major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially leading to neurodegenerative outcomes. EDCs primarily exhibit their biological effects by interacting with hormone receptors. Nonetheless, there is scientific evidence pointing to dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-adrenal axis, which is linked t [...]

1558 10211

Open Access Review

Neurotoxicity Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos

Mojtaba Ehsanifar and

Alireza Esmaeili

Received: 14 January 2025; Published: 15 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502284

Abstract

Neurotoxicity occurs when exposure to a biological, chemical, or physical agent, especially a neurotoxin, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in a way that results in permanent or reversible damage to neurons and nerve tissue and disrupts the functioning of the brain and nervous system. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide that has been used worldwide for more than 50 years and can damage the nervous system of insects by creating neurotoxicity. Epidemiological studies show that [...]

4821 17287

Open Access Review

Unraveling the Involvement of Serotonergic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor-6 Activation in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review

Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail ,

Nazlahshaniza Shafin ,

Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman ,

Idris Long and

Nor Syafinaz Yaakob

Received: 28 September 2024; Published: 09 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502283

Abstract

Chronic pain is a significant and global healthcare issue that hugely implies the quality of life and productivity of the affected individuals. It is challenging to treat and thus necessitates a deeper understanding of its underlying pathomechanisms to develop targeted interventions. Serotonin is one of the essential neurotransmitters involved in the propagation of pain signals through both ascending and descending pathways, acting via various receptor subtypes, including the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-6 (5-HT6R) [...]

1686 7913

Open Access Review

Pregnancy Risk Factors in Cerebrovascular Disease

Mina Zeinalzadeh ,

Alireza Ala ,

Samad Shams Vahdati and

Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi

Received: 16 May 2024; Published: 01 April 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2502282

Abstract

Cerebrovascular diseases such as strokes and cerebral hemorrhages are important causes of death in the world, which increase during pregnancy due to physiological conditions. This study investigated risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other factors by searching in databases. After searching, 35 articles were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included articles from 2014-2024 related to the words "pregnancy" AND "cerebrovascular disease." The obtained results were e [...]

917 5171

Open Access Case Report

Forgiveness Therapy to Reduce Violent Behavior in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Case Study

Rohman Hikmat ,

Iyus Yosep ,

Popy Siti Aisyah and

Shella Febrita Puteri Utomo

Received: 03 December 2024; Published: 26 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501281

Abstract

This study aims to describe the application of forgiveness therapy as a psychosocial intervention for a schizophrenia patient with violent behavior. Mr. M, a 19-year-old male diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibited psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, agitation, and aggression. He had a history of trauma due to physical violence from his brother. The patient was diagnosed with a risk for violence toward others. Forgiveness therapy was implemented over six sessions, each last [...]

1737 8173

Open Access Research Article

Do We Care about Preschool Children's Leisure Time? Correlations between Anxiety Symptoms and Leisure Time Allocation. Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Matina Lazaraki ,

Niki Skopeliti and

Ioannis Syros

Received: 06 January 2025; Published: 24 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501280

Abstract

Children's leisure time in the Western world is changing compared to what it used to be in the previous decades. Children's involvement in organized activities and screen time use is increasing, while outdoor play, despite once being the main leisure time activity for children, is declining. Gray, Oliver and other contemporary theorists link this shift in children's lifestyles to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to determine whether allocating preschool children's [...]

1656 8692

Open Access Review

Functional Prognosis of Spinal Cord Injury Due to Spinal Tuberculosis

Farida Arisanti ,

Tertianto Prabowo ,

Putri Endyana and

Apichana Kovindha

Received: 03 October 2024; Published: 18 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501279

Abstract

Spinal tuberculosis (TB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, primarily involves one or multiple vertebrae, with a high prevalence at the thoracolumbar region, which can compromise spinal cord integrity and result in severe sequelae such as paraplegia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and mobility limitation. This study aimed to review medical, surgical, and rehabilitation management, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of spinal TB with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research was conducted utilizing databases su [...]

1899 12309

Open Access Review

The Independence Principle - A Neglected Feature of the Hodgkin Huxley Legacy

Amy J Hopper and

Angus M Brown

Received: 19 May 2024; Published: 17 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501278

Abstract

The legacy of Hodgkin and Huxley rests on their squid giant axon studies, which were summarised in an empirical model of impressive predictive power that successfully quantified the permeability changes of excitable membranes and accurately reconstructed the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley applied the independence principle to their experimental data in order to reveal potential mechanism(s) of trans-membrane ion movements. This was motivated by their lack of information on the manner in which ions crossed the [...]

1241 5730

Open Access Review

Neurotoxicity Following Exposure to Micro and Nanoplastics

Mojtaba Ehsanifar and

Zeinab Yavari

Received: 13 December 2024; Published: 16 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501277

Abstract

The pervasive presence and enduring existence of micro and nanoplastics in the environment render their exposure to humans and aquatic creatures unavoidable. Research indicates these tiny plastic particles can be taken in by aquatic beings and mammals. Once within the body, micro and nanoplastics have the capability to infiltrate the brain, although the level of penetration and the subsequent neurotoxic effects are not fully explored. Previous studies indicate that metal (oxide) nanoparticles can enter the brain an [...]

4333 23867

Open Access Original Research

A Systems Biology Approach to Understanding Delirium Pathophysiology and Identifying Natural Compounds for Potential Therapeutic Purposes

Babak Sokouti

Received: 30 October 2024; Published: 14 March 2025; doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501276

Abstract

Delirium is an acute neurocognitive disorder marked by disruptions in attention, cognition, and awareness, particularly prevalent among older and critically ill patients. This study applies a systems biology framework to dissect the molecular underpinnings of delirium and evaluate natural compounds for potential therapeutic roles. Through bioinformatics analyses, key biomarkers related to delirium, including IL6, AKT1, JUN, APP, and PPARGC1A, were identified, implicating pathways tied to neuroinflammation, oxidativ [...]

1949 8800

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