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Open Access Original Research

Study and Characterization of a Spherical Solar Collector. Part II: Comparative Analysis with Flat-Plate Devices

Received: 18 May 2023;  Published: 27 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303025

Abstract

The paper analyses the performance of a spherical solar collector compared to the efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector, which is the type of solar collector that does not use a tracking system in collecting solar radiation for energy conversion. Spherical solar collector benefits from a constant value of the angle of incidence, which optimizes the solar radiation that strikes the absorber of the solar device and maximizes the energy collection. Besides, the spherical geometry has a larger area for equal dimen [...]

1076 7188

Open Access Review

Improving the Performance of Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Received: 29 May 2023;  Published: 18 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303024

Abstract

In recent times, renewable energy resources have been greatly researched because of the increasing concern to minimize global warming and meet energy demands. Energy storage systems have become useful tools for sustainability and meeting energy needs. Solar energy has proven in recent times to be the primary and most prevalent option due to its environmental friendliness, availability, and minimal pollution. Effective utilization of available energy resources has led to developing new alternative energy devices lik [...]

1948 14622

Open Access Research Article

Permeability, Compressibility and Pressure Prediction in Supercharged Wireline and FTWD Environments

Received: 12 April 2023;  Published: 10 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303023

Abstract

In conventional wireline and LWD/MWD formation testing, downhole predictions for rock and fluid properties are based on simplified Darcy flow models, but only for mathematical expediency. These require initially constant pressures that are uniform throughout the reservoir. This limitation precludes common applications in overbalanced drilling, so that supercharge or near-well invasion effects - associated with rapidly decreasing pressures at the sandface where pressures are measured - are completely ignored. Such 1 [...]

1722 8553

Open Access Research Article

Study and Characterization of a Spherical Solar Collector. I. Efficiency and Thermal Losses Coefficient

Received: 21 April 2023;  Published: 04 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303022

Abstract

This paper studies and characterizes a solar collector with spherical geometry to produce hot water for sanitary and domestic applications and other facilities. The new geometry enlarges the solar collector surface and allows full sun tracking during the day without needing a solar tracking system. Although this geometry has been in use for some time, its market penetration is low due to the lack of perfect knowledge of solar collector behavior and the benefits compared with conventional solar collectors. The studi [...]

1347 7969

Open Access Retraction

Retraction: Simani S, Farsoni S, Castaldi P. Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data. Journal of Energy and Power Technology 2023; 5(1): 011

Received: 25 June 2023;  Published: 28 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302021

969 5337

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine

Received: 07 February 2023;  Published: 20 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302020

Abstract

With their higher sustainability index, biofuels, environmentally-friendly and renewable nature is a viable alternative energy source in the transportation sector. This study presents the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel on performance, combustion, and emission from a compression ignition engine. The biodiesel was blended with diesel in varying proportions of 5% biodiesel and 95% diesel (designated as B5), 10% biodiesel in diesel (B10), 15% biodiesel in diesel (B15), 20% biodiesel in diesel (B20), 50% bi [...]

1564 13491

Open Access Review

A Review of Practical Applications of Fluid Flow and Associated Heat Transfer Modeling in Wellbores

Received: 28 March 2023;  Published: 12 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302019

Abstract

Investigations on two-phase gas/liquid flow in pipes have been under study for nearly six decades. These studies have significantly assisted in managing fluid flow in the wellbore and surface networks, leading to the separation of phases and transmission of oil and gas into the market. This study summarizes some of the main lessons learned in flow through wellbores. Besides understanding some of the fundamental principles, we focused on the practical items of interest: Conventional production scenarios for oil and [...]

1966 13742

Open Access Original Research

Nonlinear Optimal Control for Six-Phase Induction Generator-Based Renewable Energy Systems

Received: 07 December 2022;  Published: 11 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302018

Abstract

The article aims at optimizing six-phase induction generator-based renewable energy systems (6-phase IGs or dual star induction generators) through a novel nonlinear optimal control method. Six-phase induction generators appear to be advantageous compared to three-phase synchronous or asynchronous power generators, in terms of fault tolerance and improved power generation rates. The dynamic model of the six-phase induction generator is first written in a nonlinear and multivariable state-space form. It is proven th [...]

1353 8928

Open Access Original Research

Fixed-Switching Frequency Finite-State Model Predictive Thrust and Primary Flux Linkage Control for LIM

Received: 14 February 2023;  Published: 09 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302017

Abstract

The special design of linear induction machines (LIMs) leads to adverse effects caused by the longitudinal and end effects. These effects make the thrust control of the LIMs most attractive because its value decreases sharply with the speed increase. Thus, finite-state model predictive control (FS-MPC) is developed to increase the performance of the LIMs. However, the variable switching frequency is the main drawback of this control. Consequently, the main objectives of this paper are to propose FS-MPC with a const [...]

1286 8228

Open Access Original Research

Non-Isothermal Compressible Flow Model for Analyzing the Effect of High CO2 Inlet Flow Rate on Particle Size in a Supercritical Antisolvent Process

Received: 17 December 2022;  Published: 18 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302016

Abstract

In this work with CFD simulations, the evaluation of the supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process for producing nanoparticles from an expanded solution of ethanol/solute in carbon dioxide is reported. The influence of the solution and antisolvent flow rates on mean particle size, the flow dynamic, and the supercritical mixture's jet velocity must be well established in the literature and analyzed. The high flow rate of the anti-solvent resulted in increased mean particle sizes for all studied cases. At the lowe [...]

1408 9616

Open Access Original Research

Thermodynamic and Structural Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle Plant for Clean Energy Access Using Artificial Bee Colony and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Algorithms

Received: 29 December 2022;  Published: 13 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302015

Abstract

The quest to decarbonize the energy space to avert the negative climate change consequences calls for using low/zero-carbon energy conversion technologies in the energy generation space. The Organic Rankine Cycle is a low/zero-carbon energy conversion technology for recovering waste heat from low to medium-temperature heat sources and for biomass conversion. Therefore, this paper presents the thermodynamic optimization, with an artificial bee colony algorithm, of different ORC configurations, including simple organ [...]

1759 8492

Open Access Review

The Eastern Australian Floods of February 2022 and Its Relationship with Climate Change

Received: 19 October 2022;  Published: 07 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302014

Abstract

During February 2022 major riverine flooding occurred in an area which has the fastest population growth in Australia. This extended from the Mary River in Southeast Queensland (SEQ) to the Clarence River in Northeast NSW (NENSW). Two centres within this area were devastated by floods unprecedented in living memory. One was the Brisbane Metropolitan area where all-time record daily rainfall in the suburbs flooded creeks. This creek flooding was much worse than that caused by the Brisbane River itself where Wivenhoe [...]

4643 26821

Open Access Research Article

Techno-Economic Analysis of Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy Critical Infrastructure Development in Southwestern Nigeria

Received: 08 September 2022;  Published: 03 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302013

Abstract

This study examined the techno-economic specifications for a Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy critical infrastructure project in Southwestern Nigeria. Technological and project economic data for the W2E project were obtained from strategic sources and energy project foresight/analysis framework used. The results showed residential upgraded biogas-for-cooking demand of approximately 10,243 m3/month, and municipal solid waste (MSW) input of approximately 80 tonnes/month. The planned biogas plant had estimated costs o [...]

2531 14612

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Biogas Digestates on the Composition of Soil Organic Matter

Received: 23 November 2022;  Published: 22 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301012

Abstract

The increasing number of biogas plants with various digested organic materials and output of digestates calls for more detailed investigations of their suitability as soil amendments. In a trial in Northern Germany two replicate plots each were treated with fresh or prolonged fermented digestate to investigate the influence of digestates on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM). The relative proportions of relevant SOM compound classes were determined by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) [...]

1654 8736

Open Access Research Article

Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data

Received: 02 February 2023;  Published: 21 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301011

Abstract

In agreement with the Editor-in-Chief, the editorial office, and the authors, this article has been removed and marked as retracted because its content and data contained plagiarism from an unpublished study. Please refer to the Removal Statement.

994 6450

Open Access Research Article

The Liquid-Mediated Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Li-Zr-F Composite for Ion-Conduction

Received: 04 December 2022;  Published: 20 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301010

Abstract

Crystalline lithium fluoride (LiF) has been intensively pursued as potential alternative solid electrolytes (SEs) owing to its excellent chemical and electrochemical oxidation stability, and good deformability. However, due to its low ion conductivity, LiF is still challenging for practical SE applications. Herein, Li-Zr-F composite-based SE by liquid-mediated synthesis is proposed to be studied. methanol (CH3OH) was mainly evaluated as a liquid-mediated precursor for synthesizing Li-Zr-F composites under the stoic [...]

2411 12143

Open Access Original Research

Modeling of Autonomous Microgrid Operated at Medium-Voltage Level and at Constant Frequency and Study of Its Voltage Profile

Received: 06 December 2022;  Published: 17 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301009

Abstract

To increase power level in an autonomous microgrid, higher voltage is necessary. In this paper, detailed Matlab/Simulink modeling of a microgrid operated at medium-voltage level and at constant frequency has been conducted. Modified boost converter and medium-frequency transformer isolated DC/DC converter are adopted for both solar energy and wind energy harnessing in order for them to be connected with the microgrid. This paper further adopted a differential evolution (DE)-based method to carry out load flow analy [...]

1278 7528

Open Access Research Article

Prediction of Wind Loadings on Offshore Wind Turbines Using CFD

Received: 03 December 2022;  Published: 09 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301008

Abstract

Analysing the structural response of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) requires a robust method to estimate environmental loadings associated with extreme weather conditions. This study aimed to accurately predict wind loadings on a non-rotating OWT using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Ansys Fluent package. The inlet velocity boundary condition was defined as a uniform inlet wind speed and then as a Normal Wind Profile (NWP). Three large wind speeds of 25 m/s, 40 m/s and 50 m/s were tested with the aid of t [...]

1834 13230

Open Access Research Article

An 800V End to End SiC Powertrain to Accommodate Extremely Fast Charging

Received: 15 November 2022;  Published: 08 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301007

Abstract

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles has presented the challenges of short range and prolonged charging time. Going forward, extremely fast charging is the only solution to these problems. However, the typical Silicon power electronics supported 400 V electric vehicle powertrain cannot live up to this challenge. Limitations include the huge cable size, heating of equipment due to high current and user safety, to name a few. In this paper, we have analyzed an 800 V EV powertrain using power electronics based on [...]

4664 23201

Open Access Original Research

A Combined Power and Ejector Refrigeration Cycle System for Thermal Energy Recovery from the Waste Heat of Internal Combustion Engine

Received: 31 December 2022;  Published: 06 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301006

Abstract

In this paper, due to the importance of energy recovery from internal combustion engines and the increasing human growing need for power and refrigeration, a two-cycle power and refrigeration system consisting of an organic Rankine cycle and an ejector refrigeration cycle is investigated analytically. The proposed system with the ability to use the ejector as an effective and economical system, can produce simultaneous power and refrigeration by drawing thermal energy from the exhaust gas and engine coolant in the [...]

1766 10457

Open Access Original Research

Co-development of Low-speed Electric Community Buses for Local Area Revitalization

Received: 10 October 2022;  Published: 02 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301005

Abstract

This paper describes the development of low-speed electric community buses (LSECBs) designed by the author's group and their spread situation in Japan. LSECBs are electric vehicles that can travel on public roads at speeds of less than 5.56 m/s (20 km/h). The university, local government, local businesses, and residents with a co-design approach developed the LSECBs. They have various advantages such as safety due to low speed and low energy consumption. In particular, the LSECBs have features not found in ordinary [...]

1743 9608

Open Access Review

Green Energy Sources Reduce Carbon Footprint of Oil & Gas Industry Processes: A Review

Received: 25 September 2022;  Published: 28 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301004

Abstract

In recent years, the oil and gas sector has been moving towards green production methods to achieve net-zero emission goals. Governments and corporations have started large-scale initiatives to deploy advanced technologies to reduce carbon footprints and prevent global warming. Herein, we have explored the emerging techniques and methods used in reducing the effects of gas emissions in the oil and gas industry. The transition process from hydrocarbons to renewable energy resources, including solar thermal applicati [...]

2756 17141

Open Access Research Article

Significance of Insulation and Heat Pumps in Decarbonising the UK

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 09 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301003

Abstract

This paper examines the economic case for the UK to proceed urgently with the installation of thermal insulation and heat pumps in most UK buildings, in the context of the legal requirement to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. A recent study by the same authors assumed that such insulation and heat pumps would be in place, and showed how the whole of the UK’s energy demand could be met by low carbon electricity generation and appropriate storage. This paper extends the modelling to consider the risk that i [...]

1799 11792

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2022

Received: 05 January 2023;  Published: 05 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301002

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certifi [...]

996 5478

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of Rotor Radius Ratio on The Performance of Hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Savonius-Darrieus NREL S809

Received: 05 October 2022;  Published: 02 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301001

Abstract

This research aims to know the effect of the Rotor Radius Ratio on the performance of the hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Savonius-Darrieus NREL S809 model using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Two-bladed Savonius is used as an internal rotor, and three-bladed Darrieus NREL S809 as an external rotor. Turbine model performance is analyzed through the value of the Moment Coefficient and Power Coefficient. The result shows that the increase in the Rotor Radius Ratio value causes an increase in the initial M [...]

1961 15040

Open Access Original Research

Traffic NOx Pollution Prediction and Health Cost Estimation Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Toronto, Canada

Received: 11 March 2022;  Published: 25 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204043

Abstract

Road traffic is a significant source of air pollution that has a harmful impact on human health. To reduce the health and environmental impacts of fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector, many countries have implemented policies to promote the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). A vital factor to consider when designing policies to support EV use is the monetized health impacts of fossil fuel consumption. This research aims to investigate the health benefit of replacing internal combustion engine ve [...]

1470 9857

Open Access Research Article

Evaluation of Oxidative Stability and Kinetic Parameters of the Cottonseed and Soybean Biodiesels by Rancimat and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Techniques

Received: 26 September 2022;  Published: 22 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204042

Abstract

In this study, the oxidative stability of the cottonseed oil biodiesel (CB) and soybean oil biodiesel (SB) was investigated by two methodologies, Rancimat and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), using samples fresh and aged (mid-term storage condition (100 days)). The biodiesel samples were synthesized by transesterification and characterized by specific mass, kinematic viscosity, acidity value, ester content, viscosity index, and peroxide value. The activation energy (Ea), Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (Z) [...]

1653 9372

Open Access Research Article

Net Zero UK – Generation and Energy Storage Requirements for the UK to Become Carbon Neutral

Received: 25 September 2022;  Published: 13 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204041

Abstract

This paper sets out a quantified scenario for the UK to reach net zero carbon emissions. Wind and solar are the main energy sources and their intermittency is accommodated through hydrogen electrolysis, biogas from anaerobic digesters, and their combination into biomethane. Hydrogen and biomethane stocks are tracked. A daily energy balance model is presented, using the most recent recorded weather data-2017 to 2021. Long periods of low wind in 2021 indicated the necessary energy storage capacities, which were adjus [...]

1919 10707

Open Access Research Article

Enhancing the Wettability of Polyetheretherketone (Peek) Membrane with Ozone for Improving Fuel Cell Performance

Received: 21 August 2022;  Published: 06 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204040

Abstract

Ozone was reacted with the aromatic membrane polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to form oxidized functional groups on the surface to enhance the attraction and transport of protons in fuel cells. Ozonation of unsaturated C-C sp2 bonds in PEEK formed a primary ozonide which dissociated to primarily produce O=C-O/O=C-OH moieties, and the root mean squared roughness factor (Rq) decreased from 7.4 nm, for the untreated sample, down to 3.1 nm. The oxidation of the surface and decrease in surface roughness made the surface incr [...]

1331 7945

Open Access Research Article

The Design, Development and Assessment of a Novel De-centralised IoT-Based Remote Monitoring of a Small-Scale Anaerobic Digester Network

Received: 21 September 2022;  Published: 28 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204039

Abstract

The implementation of community-level de-centralised anaerobic digestion (AD) systems offers a sustainable solution for organic waste management and energy provision, but there is currently a need for low-cost methods of system control and management at this scale. The problem becomes accentuated with increasing deployment, as greater complexities are created by the need to both monitor and control a wider network of smaller, community-scale plants. This paper describes research to design, deploy and test such a sy [...]

1876 14748

Open Access Short Report

Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells by the Smart Stacking Process

Received: 21 September 2022;  Published: 25 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204038

Abstract

The most commonly used process for fabricating perovskite solar cells is based on wet chemistry, which greatly limits the choice of materials suitable for optimizing the performance of the device. We developed a new approach for the fabrication of perovskite-based solar cells. In the smart stacking process, the perovskite solar cell was assembled by stacking two pieces of perovskite films prepared separately. A working perovskite solar cell was developed with PCE = 0.78% and the perovskite layer was analyzed with X [...]

1664 8862

Open Access Original Research

The Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) on Local Tourism and Recreation -- Evolving Lessons from Practice

Received: 06 July 2022;  Published: 16 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204037

Abstract

The article examines the nature of impacts of the rapidly growing Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) industry on tourism and recreation in coastal communities, especially in the UK. The multi-methods research approach includes reviews of literature, content of OWF Environmental Statements (ESs) for predicted impacts, recent practice for actual impacts, and the use of mitigation and enhancement measures. Findings from literature indicate that the overall impact on tourism appears relatively benign, and sometimes positive. The [...]

2006 18822

Open Access Original Research

A Data-Based Reliability Analysis of ESP Failures in Oil Production Wells

Received: 27 September 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204036

Abstract

Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are one of the most widely used artificial lift methods in the petroleum industry. However, ESP failures are unanticipated and common occurrences with significant financial impacts for the operators. Analysis of the ESP performance and failures are essential in its design and optimization. This paper presents a statistical approach for diagnosing and evaluating the root causes of ESP failures. The analysis is based on the field data gathered from the surface and downhole ESP moni [...]

7167 45646

Open Access Original Research

Comparing Environmental Impacts Arising from the Use of Electric Two-Wheeler vis-a-vis Gasoline Two-Wheeler in India

Received: 26 July 2022;  Published: 09 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204035

Abstract

Electric vehicles are becoming popular among consumers while BS-VI norms have been introduced and mandated for conventional vehicles in India. In the present study, the environmental impacts from the use phase of electric two-wheeler (EV) and gasoline two-wheeler (GV) have been evaluated and compared using the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. The functional unit adopted was 1000 km driven by one vehicle under Indian road and traffic conditions. CML 2001 and ReCiPe 2016 methods were used for the assessment u [...]

2392 13073

Open Access Short Report

A Dual-PRF Scan Mode and Adaptive Doppler-Velocity Dealiasing to Increase Radar Clear-Air Velocity Data Coverage and Usability

Received: 05 August 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204034

Abstract

By using long pulses with extended dwelling time, lowered pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and reduced Nyquist velocity, the radar measurement capability can be enhanced to increase clear-air Doppler velocity data coverage (which is beneficial for radar wind analysis and data assimilation and motivated our previous study). This potential capability is further explored (beyond our previous study) by not only modifying the existing operational clear-air scan mode with a lowered PRF and reduced the Nyquist velocity (t [...]

1340 9352

Open Access Original Research

TEA of a Unique Two-Pathways Process for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

Received: 01 August 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204033

Abstract

A unique two-Pathways process using aqueous sodium glycinate for CO2 capture from a split flue gas stream emitted from 600 MWe post-combustion coal power plant was developed in Aspen Plus v.10. The split gas flow rate used was 44.75 ton/h and contained 0.0023 mol% SO2 and 13.33 mol% CO2. The process includes a washing unit, a CO2 absorption unit, a reverse osmosis unit, and a solvent regeneration unit or an ultrafiltration unit. The washing unit uses deionized water to completely remove SO2 and the CO2 absorption u [...]

2022 9830

Open Access Research Article

The Physical Potential for Dutch Offshore Wind Energy

Received: 04 August 2022;  Published: 10 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204032

Abstract

In the Netherlands, an important way to contribute toward achieving climate goals is the large-scale deployment of wind turbines in the North Sea. The North Sea is a unique location for offshore wind power thanks to its strong winds, shallow waters, and proximity to large energy users. Wind turbines generate electricity by extracting kinetic energy from the atmosphere. This kinetic energy is replenished at a finite rate through the mixing of atmospheric layers. The replenishment rate sets a physical limit to the am [...]

2251 23595

Open Access Original Research

A Robust Second-Order Conic Programming Model with Effective Budget of Uncertainty in the Optimal Power Flow Problem

Received: 29 December 2021;  Published: 09 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204031

Abstract

Integrating large-scale wind energy in modern power systems necessitates high-efficiency mathematical models to address classical assumptions in power systems. In particular, two main assumptions for wind energy integration in power systems have not been adequately studied. First, nonlinear AC power flow equations have been linearized in most of the literature. Such simplifications can lead to inaccurate power flow calculations and result in technical issues. Second, wind power uncertainties are inevitable and have [...]

1430 8128

Open Access Original Research

Historical Evolution and Scenarios Up to 2050 of Heating Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Residential Buildings in Vienna

Received: 24 June 2022;  Published: 27 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203030

Abstract

Today, the building sector poses a major problem concerning fossil fuel energy consumption and the corresponding emissions of local pollutants and global greenhouse gases (GHG). In addition, an increasing number of people are living in urban areas, and it is becoming challenging to provide the necessary living space and energy for heating in fast-growing cities. Currently, urban areas host approximately 50 % of the global population and generate 70 % of GHG. The core objective of this study is to analyze the histor [...]

1444 9870

Open Access Original Research

Risks Associated with the Use of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier or Source

Received: 03 March 2022;  Published: 01 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203029

Abstract

Hydrogen is a dangerous gas due to its low ignition energy, wide flammability range, promotion of the embrittlement of steel, and its high coefficient of permeation for polymers. The fracture toughness and failure elongation of pipe steels are strongly impacted by hydrogen embrittlement, whereas yield stress and ultimate strength are moderately impacted. Specific tools are required for the pipe defect assessment used for the transport of hydrogen, which is pure or blended with natural gas. The safety factors associ [...]

3121 19463

Open Access Original Research

Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Pipelines and Nuclear Power Plants: Estimates for Durability

Received: 18 April 2022;  Published: 30 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203028

Abstract

Due to the increasing need to further develop the world gas and oil industry and the increased public attention to clean energy sources, studying and preventing Hydrogen Induced Cracking is one of the main safety concerns in nuclear power plants, oil pipelines and platforms. In this article, the growth and incubation times for internal Hydrogen Induced Cracks (HIC) are examined. Specifically, these times are modeled in two separate phases - the first phase (I) is a long time approximation, when the crack growth is [...]

1827 11219

Open Access Review

Artificial Neural Networks and Gradient Boosted Machines Used for Regression to Evaluate Gasification Processes: A Review

Received: 18 February 2022;  Published: 18 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203027

Abstract

Waste-to-Energy technologies have the potential to dramatically improve both the natural and human environment. One type of waste-to-energy technology that has been successful is gasification. There are numerous types of gasification processes and in order to drive understanding and the optimization of these systems, traditional approaches like computational fluid dynamics software have been utilized to model these systems. The modern advent of machine learning models has allowed for accurate and computationally ef [...]

1638 11036

Open Access Original Research

Incentivizing Alternative Fuel Vehicle Transactions: Analysis of Cash-for-Clunkers Transactions for New Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Received: 14 January 2022;  Published: 02 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203026

Abstract

Monetary incentives to accelerate the transition of private vehicle fleets to zero emissions promote sustainability in the transportation sector. Clean Cars for America to incentivize transactions for new battery power vehicles is a program in furtherance of sustainable transportation goals in the United States. Unfortunately, data on transactions for new alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are scarce so empirical research to explore the costs and/or the benefits of such programs is also scarce. Analysis of transactio [...]

1347 7585

Open Access Technical Note

From Food to Foot: The Energy and Carbon Flows of the Human Body at Walking and Cycling

Received: 10 March 2022;  Published: 18 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203025

Abstract

The carbon footprint of motorized transport modes per unit length traveled encompasses the unit share of the vehicle lifetime emissions, that of the transport infrastructure, and those of the motor energy, considered both from “well to tank” and from “tank to wheel”. In the active modes of transport, i.e., walking and cycling, the counterpart of motor energy is human energy, which is associated with two kinds of carbon flows: the carbon footprint of food intake, – which we call the Food to Body component – and the [...]

2750 17787

Open Access Original Research

Numerical Study to Understand the Conservation of Hydrogen Through a Dynamic Fuel Supply System in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

Received: 26 March 2022;  Published: 13 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203024

Abstract

Reducing and conserving fuel usage is pivotal for any engineering system for the development of a sustainable energy solution. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the promising renewable energy systems that consume hydrogen as their source of fuel to generate electricity. This paper investigate the necessity of the constant supply of fuel (hydrogen) in the PEMFC system to ensure stable operation. We propose that a dynamic supply of fuel could help achieve similar performance and reduce the amoun [...]

1447 9441

Open Access Original Research

Surface Treatment of Flexible Barrier Film for Improved Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Mini Modules

Received: 07 March 2022;  Published: 04 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203023

Abstract

The lifetime and stability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are the key factors that influence the technology used to scale up and commercialize OPVs. High-performing and reliable devices are used to fabricate the devices of choice. Materials and methods that can be used to prevent the degradation of organic materials, enabling better OPV applications, are being increasingly researched in recent years. Herein, we present the surface modification process of a commercial, flexible barrier film based on polyethylene te [...]

1915 11555

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of LoRa Transmission Delay on Dynamic Performance of Standalone DC Microgrids

Received: 18 April 2022;  Published: 26 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202022

Abstract

One important aspect toward proper and stable functioning of a communication-based controlled microgrid is data transmission. Consequently, an analysis of the effect of data transmission delay is of significance for any chosen communication protocol. This paper focuses on the effect of employing LoRa for data transfer at the secondary control level of a standalone DC microgrid. It analyses the effect of LoRa transmission delay on the dynamic performance of DC microgrids. This paper simulates a community DC microgri [...]

1548 10283

Open Access Research Article

Controller Evaluation for Solar-Latent Thermal Energy Applications

Received: 17 April 2022;  Published: 09 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202021

Abstract

In this study, the performance of a self-sufficient controller used for a solar-latent heat domestic hot water (DHW) production unit under real-world operating conditions was analyzed. The unit consists of a flat-plate solar collector and a latent heat storage tank. The controller is powered by a small solar panel and governs the charging and discharging of the system, ensuring maximum solar energy absorption, desired hot water temperature, and constant monitoring of the heat-storage tank’s capacity. The system is [...]

1303 7952

Open Access Original Research

Improving the Engine Efficiency Using a New Combined Refrigeration Cycle for Low-Temperature Heat Source (Waste Heat Recovery)

Received: 19 April 2022;  Published: 08 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202020

Abstract

Passenger and commercial internal combustion engines have relatively large dissipated thermal energy sources that can be used for initiating thermodynamic refrigeration cycles at low temperatures while improving engine efficiency. Researchers have focused on combined power-refrigeration cycles in past studies. This paper presents the operation and performance of a new combined refrigeration system driven by waste heat recovery within the internal combustion engines. For this purpose, the effects of several paramete [...]

1530 8276

Open Access Research Article

Analysis of Correlations for the Prediction of the Entrainment Fraction of Droplets in Gas-liquid Annular Flows

Received: 14 February 2022;  Published: 24 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202019

Abstract

In gas-liquid flows, droplets that detach from the liquid film lining the internal walls of a pipe and merge with the gas flowing through the pipe follow an annular flow pattern. This work analyzes correlations for estimating the entrainment fraction of such droplets contained in the literature by comparing their predictions with experimental data also from the literature. The results of this comparative study demonstrate that the analyzed correlations do not accurately reproduce experimental conditions. This is du [...]

2533 13585

Open Access Original Research

Non-Newtonian Flow in Bifurcated Piping and Arterial Networks

Received: 12 February 2022;  Published: 23 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202018

Abstract

Flows in multi-branch piping systems are modeled for linear Newtonian and nonlinear Power Law, Bingham Plastic and Herschel-Bulkley fluids. The nonlinear models are often used to describe multiphase fluids consisting of liquid and solid phases, including cement slurries and drilling muds in petroleum engineering. Rheological and heterogeneous multiphase effects are important to blood flows in single and bifurcated arteries, capillaries and veins – biological applications are also emphasized to highlight their incre [...]

1600 11042

Open Access Original Research

A Large Eddy Simulation Study of Cyclones: The Effects of Interparticle Collisions on Erosion Prediction

Received: 31 January 2022;  Published: 06 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202017

Abstract

Cyclone separators are widely used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units due to their lack of moving parts and relatively low-pressure drop. However, cyclone separators are prone to erosion-related issues, which is a major drawback. In this paper, a large eddy simulation (LES) of the particle-gas flow in a cyclone separator is investigated using a four-way Euler-Lagrange approach to model inter-particle collisions and the exchange of momentum between particles and fluid. The effects of inter-particle and particle [...]

2006 12177

Open Access Research Article

Experimental Study of Lean-burning Limits of Hydrogen-enriched LPG Intended for Domestic Use

Received: 02 January 2022;  Published: 18 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202016

Abstract

The lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) have been studied using a Bunsen burner. The lean-burning limits under different conditions are important design considerations in developing gas-fired domestic appliances. In this study, the lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched LPG have been obtained across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (600 to 1800) and H2 volumetric fractions (0% to 25%). The results show that the lean-burning limit is increased, on average, by 4.0% to 7.2% for eve [...]

2834 13795

Open Access Short Communication

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Studies of PHEV2 form-factor Lithium-ion Cells for Automotive Applications

Received: 09 November 2021;  Published: 18 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202015

Abstract

Prismatic PHEV2 form-factor lithium-ion cells with a nominal capacity of 25 Ah (as used for automotive applications) have been studied with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The data was evaluated using electrical equivalent circuits. Mathematical modeling, system identification, and the determination of model parameters of the lithium-ion cell were also carried out. While a study of the influence of temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) performed using pristine lithium-ion cells showed a nonlinear rela [...]

1957 11540

Open Access Research Article

Solar Energy Policy for Commercial Buildings Sector: Recommendations for the Indian Scenario

Received: 21 November 2021;  Published: 14 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202014

Abstract

India is a rapidly developing nation and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy presents an attractive solution to the growing challenges concerning energy needs. Solar energy is abundant in India, and thus, its application and use are rapidly advancing. This study assesses various government initiatives for off-grid Solar Photovoltaic/Solar Water Heating systems for commercial establishments in India and elucidates the need for improvements in their implementation, highlighting the problems in avai [...]

1651 9921

Open Access Original Research

Adapted Time Slice Model of Pinch Analysis for Direct-Indirect Heat Recovery in Buildings

Received: 13 January 2022;  Published: 12 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202013

Abstract

Heat integration techniques such as pinch analysis can play a significant role in saving energy in the design of buildings. The application of pinch analysis in this sector encounters difficulties due to the highly time-dependent behavior of energy streams such as waste heat and solar thermal collectors, as well as the possible need for heat storage units (HSUs). The existing pinch models in the literature either bear little relation to reality because they ignore the time dependency of the streams, or they do not [...]

1750 11555

Open Access Original Research

Building New Nuclear in Finland: Crises Challenging Core Beliefs around Nuclear Energy

Received: 26 November 2021;  Published: 06 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202012

Abstract

This paper examines the building of a new nuclear plant as a greenfield operation in Pyhäjoki, Finland. A newly-founded energy company, Fennovoima, was granted a license by the Finnish parliament to build a new power plant in 2010. In the years following this Decision in Principle the project faced several obstacles. Through interviews with key actors, this paper identifies the interests and core beliefs associated with building the plant. It posits that, in Finland, the underlying ideas and values surrounding nucl [...]

1595 13528

Open Access Original Research

Thermo-rechargeable Batteries Fabricated Using Low-cost Materials

Received: 15 February 2022;  Published: 30 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201011

Abstract

We fabricated three thermo-rechargeable batteries using low-cost transition metal hexacyanoferrate and determined the thermal voltage (Vcell) and discharge capacity (Qcell) per unit weight of the total active material in the cathode and anode. The obtained values were compared with the calculated values, which were determined by analyzing the temperature and capacity coefficients of the redox potential.

1675 9703

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Synthesis of Germanium-Polypyrrole Composite Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Received: 26 December 2021;  Published: 27 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201010

Abstract

Herein, we report the coating of nanostructured germanium using a polypyrrole (PPy) polymer coat as a composite anode material for the fabrication of lithium-ion batteries. The Ge/PPy composites were synthesized following the direct electrochemical deposition method in an ionic liquid (IL). The results revealed that the coating of PPy on Ge helped realize stable battery cycling and reversible capacities, which were not observed in uncoated Ge. The PPy layers could effectively inhibit side reactions between the elec [...]

1859 11540

Open Access Original Research

A Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium-Air Battery with an Acetic Acid Catholyte Operated at High Pressure

Received: 17 February 2022;  Published: 15 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201009

Abstract

Acidic aqueous lithium-air batteries are attractive candidates for use as energy sources in electric vehicles because of their high energy and power densities and ability to operate under ambient conditions. An aqueous lithium-air battery with an acetic acid catholyte has a high theoretical energy density of 1,478 Wh kg-1, and the reaction product is soluble in the catholyte. In this study, we have studied the cell performance of a Li/interlayer electrolyte/NASICON-type solid lithium-ion conductor/acetic acid catho [...]

1820 13181

Open Access Original Research

Operation of AC Microgrids with PV Panels’ Output Power Curtailment for Minimizing the Use of Energy Storage

Received: 21 January 2022;  Published: 07 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201008

Abstract

In this paper, a method for operating AC microgrids in both off-grid or standalone and grid-connected modes is proposed to minimize the use of energy storage by increasing the number of PV panels and curtailing their output power. When the intensity of daylight decreases, power is imported from the main grid through an AC/DC/AC converter or solid-state transformers in parallel to compensate for the shortage. By using a three-phase transformer in Δ-Y connection with Y’s neutral connected to its local grounding syste [...]

1453 9323

Open Access Original Research

An Open Source LoRa Based, Low-Cost IoT Platform for Renewable Energy Generation Unit Monitoring and Supervisory Control

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 17 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201007

Abstract

SCADA provides real-time system monitoring by constant communication and data exchange between various system devices to achieve data visualization and logging. Presently, in industrial systems, commercial SCADA systems are being used for data monitoring and control. These systems can be expensive, and as such can only be afforded by select industries. Even at these costs, the commercial SCADA systems face some challenges, which include interoperability and scalability issues. Research has shown that these problems [...]

2068 21646

Open Access Research Article

Using SIRES to Enhance Resilience in Remote & Rural Communities

Received: 29 August 2021;  Published: 21 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201006

Abstract

Rural and remote communities are more vulnerable to damage caused by extreme events as compared to urban areas. Natural disasters can disrupt basic supplies such as domestic water supply and cooking needs in addition to electricity outages. The recognition of the interlinked nature of food, water and energy has gained momentum over the past few years. Smart Integrated Renewable Energy System (SIRES) has been proposed to handle basic needs such as cooking, domestic and irrigation water supply, and electricity to rem [...]

1468 9746

Open Access Review

Converting CO2 from a Harmful Gas to a Renewable Source of Matter and Energy: A Review

Received: 05 November 2021;  Published: 19 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201005

Abstract

The emission of greenhouse gases, specifically CO2, has reached non-acceptable levels causing global warming with adverse effects. Owing to rigorous ongoing research, these harmful substances might be converted to beneficial sources. The main objective of this study was to review the most effective processes that might utilize carbon dioxide to produce various substances, chemicals, and energy. For this, different existing and projected short-term and long-term strategies have been presented and discussed. Specific [...]

2028 11476

Open Access Review

Reactor Design for Biogas Production-A Short Review

Received: 27 September 2021;  Published: 13 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201004

Abstract

Biogas is an alternative to gaseous biofuels and is produced by the decomposition of biomass from substances such as animal waste, sewage sludge, and industrial effluents. Biogas is composed of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. The anaerobic production of biogas can be made cheaper by designing a high throughput reactor and operating procedures. The parameters such as substrate type, particle size, temperature, pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and inoculum concentration play [...]

4647 48183

Open Access Review

Variable Speed Diesel Electric Generators: Technologies, Benefits, Limitations, Impact on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Fuel Efficiency

Received: 30 July 2021;  Published: 13 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201003

Abstract

A substantial share of the electric energy is generated with synchronous generators that provide sustained alternating current (AC) voltage and frequency energy to regional and national power systems, which subsequently transport and distribute it to diverse users. In an attempt to reduce environmental effects, electric energy markets have recently become more open, resulting in more flexible distributed electric power systems. In such distributed systems, stability, quick and efficient delivery, and control of ele [...]

3894 25379

Open Access Review

A Review on High-Capacity and High-Voltage Cathodes for Next-Generation Lithium-ion Batteries

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 10 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201002

Abstract

lithium-ion battery (LIB) is at the forefront of energy research. Over four decades of research and development have led electric mobility to a reality. Numerous materials capable of storing lithium reversibly, either as an anode or as a cathode, are reported on a daily basis. But very few among them, such as LiCoO2, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li-NMC) variants (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2), LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, LiFePO4, graphite, and Li4Ti5 [...]

7681 81590

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2021

Received: 05 January 2022;  Published: 06 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201001

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2021. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a cer [...]

1504 8812

Open Access Research Article

Harvesting the Potential of CO2 before it is Injected into Geological Reservoirs

Received: 28 October 2021;  Published: 22 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104050

Abstract

To store CO2 in geological reservoirs, expansion valves have been used to intentionally release supercritical CO2 from high-pressure containers at a source point to lower-pressure pipelines and transport to a selected injection site. Using expansion valves, however, has some shortcomings: (i) the fluid potential, in the form of kinetic energy and pressure which can produce mechanical work or electricity, is wasted, and (ii) due to the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, the reduction in the temperature of the released CO [...]

3397 11651

Open Access Review

Potential of Coupling Heavy Metal (HM) Phytoremediation by Bioenergy Plants and Their Associated HM-Adapted Rhizosphere Microbiota (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Microbes) for Bioenergy Production

Received: 22 July 2021;  Published: 14 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104049

Abstract

There is growing concern for the contamination of our soils and waters worldwide with heavy metals (HMs), as a result of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for feeding growing population which require optimal use of resources and sustainable agricultural strategies. This can be simultaneously achieved by using microbes as bio-fertilizers, bio-protectants, and bio-stimulants, and suitable phytoremediation- plant capable of removing heavy metals contaminants from contaminated sites. There is a growing need to adopt [...]

1784 11760

Open Access Research Article

The Drag Forces on a Taylor Bubble Rising Steadily in Vertical Pipes

Received: 04 October 2021;  Published: 07 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104048

Abstract

By the adoption of a drag-buoyancy equality model, analytical solutions were obtained for the drag coefficients (CD) of Taylor bubbles rising steadily in pipes. The obtained solutions were functions of the geometry of the Taylor bubble and the gas volume fraction. The solutions were applicable at a wide range of Capillary numbers. The solution was validated by comparison with experimental data of other investigators. All derived drag formulas were subject to the condition that Bond number >4, for air-water syste [...]

2136 10971

Open Access Original Research

Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

Received: 06 September 2021;  Published: 11 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104047

Abstract

In this work, the conducted chemical, mineralogical, fusibility, and thermogravimetric analyses and calculated the slagging/fouling indicators for predicting deposition tendencies in boilers to study the ash fusibility behavior of selected agricultural residues and their blends with lignite. Two additives, bauxite, and clinochlore, were used at varying amounts to reduce ash melting, followed by examining their anti-fusion mechanisms. Initial deformation and softening temperatures of biomass materials were low for c [...]

2970 14027

Open Access Research Article

Variation of CO2-Brine Contact Angles on Natural Rocks of Different Compositions

Received: 05 September 2021;  Published: 05 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104046

Abstract

Contact angles were measured for CO2-brine interactions on 20 different rocks that represent the properties of various CO2 storage depositional environments to characterize the wettability during geologic carbon storage. Three different CO2 phases (gaseous, liquid, and supercritical) were considered to investigate the effect of pressure and temperature. Bubbles were studied in two groups of larger and smaller than 500 μm, the latter being more relevant to pore scale. Variation was observed among contact angle measu [...]

3233 17766

Open Access Original Research

Hydrogen Storage in Cryogenic, Cybernetic, and Catalytic Vessels for Transport Vehicles

Received: 18 June 2021;  Published: 29 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104045

Abstract

Most of the hydrogen storage vessels meant for vehicles to run the electric motor via a fuel cell during transport are designed for drives of only a few tenths of kilometers per day. The present report, however, describes a vessel model that is conceived to hold the hydrogen energy only for short periods during transport, such as a few hours. This would include transport via a light-duty vehicle, a taxi, or a bus, which would load liquid hydrogen at a station every morning for the day. This is a simple model based [...]

2075 19384

Open Access Original Research

Advances in Wind Farm Layout Optimization: Wind Direction Robustness and Wake Induced Asymmetric Thrust Load

Received: 20 July 2021;  Published: 25 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104044

Abstract

In this study, we address the wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem and tackle the issue of optimal turbine placement by incorporating additional aspects of an economically driven target function. Firstly, we have analyzed the effect of wind direction on a given turbine arrangement. Based on the direction-dependent wake pattern, practitioners sometimes shut down certain turbines on their farms. Our method computes which turbines should be shut down in which wake situation. On this basis, we have developed a [...]

1446 9575

Open Access Review

Ion Transport in Organic Electrolyte Solutions for Lithium-ion Batteries and Beyond

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 27 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103043

Abstract

The performance of metal-ion batteries at low temperatures and their fast charge/discharge rates are determined mainly by the electrolyte (ion) transport. Accurate transport properties must be evaluated for designing and/or optimization of lithium-ion and other metal-ion batteries. In this review, we report and discuss experimental and atomistic computational studies on ion transport, in particular, ion diffusion/dynamics, transference number, and ionic conductivity. Although a large number of studies focusing on l [...]

3911 37705

Open Access Original Research

Development of the Flash Ironmaking Technology (FIT) for Green Ironmaking with Low Energy Consumption

Received: 28 June 2021;  Published: 23 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103042

Abstract

This article describes the development of a novel ironmaking technology based on flash reduction. The development started with the proof of the kinetic feasibility, considering that a typical flash reactor provides only a few seconds of residence time. This was followed by tests in a laboratory flash reactor and finally a pilot plant operation. The rate equations formulated in this work were developed considering the optimum combination of temperature, residence time, and reducing gas partial pressure to achieve &# [...]

3210 21529

Open Access Original Research

Aqueous Lithium--Air Batteries with High Power Density at Room Temperature under Air Atmosphere

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 23 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103041

Abstract

Rechargeable batteries with higher energy and power density exceeding the performance of the currently available lithium-ion batteries are suitable for application as the power source in electric vehicles (EVs). Aqueous lithium-air batteries are candidates for various EV applications due to their high energy density of 1910 Wh kg-1. The present study reports a rechargeable aqueous lithium-air battery with high power density at room temperature. The battery cell comprised a lithium anode, a non-aqueous anode electro [...]

2123 14996

Open Access Original Research

Energy Storage and Installed Wind Capacity Requirements for the Substitution of Fossil Fuels in the Electricity Generation Sector

Received: 19 April 2021;  Published: 10 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103040

Abstract

The impending adverse effects of Global Climate Change encourages the substitution of fossil fuels with non-carbon sources for electricity generation. However, while fossil fuel power plants may generate electric power at demand, the most abundant renewable energy sources-wind and solar-are intermittent or periodically variable. This necessitates the development of adequate energy storage at the utility/grid level. Using actual data for the hourly energy demand in the ERCOT electricity grid, this study examines the [...]

1781 11830

Open Access Research Article

GIS-based MCDM Approach for Wind Farm Site Selection - A Case Study

Received: 08 May 2021;  Published: 17 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103039

Abstract

The objective of this study is the development and implementation of a geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology to determine suitable sites for wind farms by using multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. Many eligibility criteria are considered in this approach, such as GIS analysis is performed in combination with MCDM techniques, both for the criteria weighting process (using the analytical hierarchical process) and for the standardization/classification of the criteria values into a common [...]

2408 21503

Open Access Original Research

New Electrocatalysts Prepared by Co-Sputter Deposition for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol

Received: 25 May 2021;  Published: 13 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103038

Abstract

Direct methanol oxidation catalysts Pt1-x-Tax (0

2053 12446

Open Access Original Research

A Highly-efficiency Position Sensorless Electric Vehicle Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive

Received: 02 May 2021;  Published: 11 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103037

Abstract

The development of high-efficiency motor drives for various applications is important in the industry 4.0 era, especially for their extensive application to electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, a position sensorless EV synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive has been developed, which exhibits good driving performance and efficiency over a wide speed and load range. To solve the key problems popularly encountered in the existing approaches, the high-frequency injection (HFI) scheme based on q-axis injection ha [...]

1885 11244

Open Access Research Article

Maintenance Optimization of Wind Turbines Using Weather-Dependent Equivalent Age Model

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 04 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103036

Abstract

Aging models are important input into wind farm maintenance and financial viability models. Aging of wind turbines depends on many factors, including both ambient and usage conditions. This paper presents a virtual age based maintenance model for wind turbines considering the effect of wind speed and ambient air temperature on turbine aging. Two maintenance thresholds (i.e., corrective threshold and preventive threshold) and three repair actions (i.e., unscheduled corrective, scheduled corrective and preventive act [...]

1853 13564

Open Access Original Research

A Comparative Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Fe-ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation and Microwave Method for Photovoltaic Applications

Received: 12 May 2021;  Published: 04 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103035

Abstract

Iron doped ZnO (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using two techniques that are economical as well as scalable to yield tunable properties of nanoparticles for facilitating down conversion in an absorbing layer of a solar cell. To evaluate the suitability of Fe-ZnO nanoparticles prepared by two deposition methods, we present a comparison of optical, electrical, and structural properties of Fe-ZnO using several experimental techniques. Structural properties were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy a [...]

2034 11416

Open Access Review

EnergyPlus-Towards the Selection of Right Simulation Tool for Building Energy and Power Systems Research

Received: 05 February 2021;  Published: 19 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103034

Abstract

This article offers the summary of detailed literature review on the state of the art of simulation tools for building energy and power system research. The fundamental capabilities required for building energy and power system analysis tools are outlined. A comparative review of different energy simulation tools is presented, along with the summary of their strengths and weaknesses. A review of energy simulation tool rankings using evidence-based research is presented. A novel aspect of this article is the investi [...]

4322 22954

Open Access Review

A Review on the Application of the MPC Technology in Wind Power Control of Wind Farms

Received: 23 April 2021;  Published: 15 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103033

Abstract

Due to the uncertainty and volatility of wind speed, its natural output power also exhibits strong volatility. In order to avoid the negative effects of the excessive fluctuation of the output power of wind turbines in the wind farm and the power grid, it is very important to accurately predict and reasonably plan and control the output power of the wind farm. Model predictive control (MPC) is a type of advanced control method that can deal with a multi-input multi-output nonlinear system. Compared to the tradition [...]

2541 16971

Open Access Research Article

Synthetical Optimal Design for Passive-Damped LCL Filters in Islanded AC Microgrid

Received: 19 May 2021;  Published: 08 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103032

Abstract

In AC microgrid systems, technical issues resulting from the power control effect are the power control method efficiency and the filter resonance since voltage-frequency interference and filtering resonance may cause significant control input reduction and oscillation. A simple and robust solution is to regulate active power flow by adding an optimal passive damping resistor. The optimal LCL filter parameterization process in this paper provides an innovative approach to obtain the optimal quality factor and the o [...]

2439 17399

Open Access Original Research

Measurements of Overwater Gust Factor from Near Surface to Beyond Common Hub Height: A Case Study

Received: 13 December 2020;  Published: 06 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103031

Abstract

In September 2020 Hurricane Sally affected the north central Gulf of Mexico. Making use of the anemometers data available at 4 oil rigs over the affected region, it is found that, when the atmospheric stability was near-neutral, the gust factor (G) decreases linearly with height from approximately 1.28 at 35m above the sea surface to 1.18 at 160 m. In other words, G decreases linearly at the rate around 8% per 100 m from the typical hub height to beyond common hub height. Based on the linear equation found in this [...]

1769 8640

Open Access Original Research

Design and Implementation of a Laboratory Sucker Rod Pumping Unit Using Industry 4.0 Concepts

Received: 15 February 2021;  Published: 30 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102030

Abstract

The Industry 4.0 is here, and advanced technologies are widely available for domains such oil and gas which are traditionally slow in adopting extreme new technologies. This paper presents the design architecture and implementation of effective data acquisition (DAQ) and monitoring system applied to an experimental sucker rod pumping unit for both event occurrence and educational purpose using latest technological advancements and industry 4.0 principles. The designed framework allows control and monitoring of anal [...]

3072 15965

Open Access Review

Dynamic Behavior of Li in Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Studied using MeV Ion Beam Analysis Techniques

Received: 26 March 2021;  Published: 24 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102029

Abstract

In this review, various studies on the Li depth profiles of metal/electrolyte/metal capacitors and batteries of Au/LCO/LATP/Pt, LCO/LiPON/Si, and LMO/LiPON/NbO with different metal electrodes at both sides (by bias; LCO =LiCoO2, LATP =Li3.1Al0.86Ti1.14Ge1.27P1.73O12, LMO =LiMn2O4, NbO = Nb2O5) using the in-situ reflection ERD (ERD) technique with 9MeV O+4 ion beam and transmission ERD (TERD) technique with 5MeV He+2 ion beam, respectively, are described. For capacitors, the transport fraction of Li-ion in the elect [...]

1927 10022

Open Access Original Research

Development of Wind IPMSG Based Bipolar DC Microgrids

Received: 25 February 2021;  Published: 22 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102028

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a wind Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (IPMSG) based bipolar DC microgrids along with various switch-mode rectifiers. Firstly, the wind IPMSG is established and adequately controlled to possess satisfactory generating characteristics during different driven speeds and loads. Later, the boost switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based bipolar DC bus is established. Further, three-phase single-switch (3P1SW) boost SMR, three-phase two-switch (3P2SW) three-level boost SMR, [...]

1894 10190

Open Access Original Research

Automated Probabilistic Analysis and Parametric Modelling of the Seasonal-Diurnal Wind Vector

Received: 14 April 2021;  Published: 25 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102027

Abstract

A refined and extended version of the Offset Elliptical Normal mixture model has been developed to parameterise the seasonal diurnal wind vector automatically. Automated using R scripts, the method eliminates any potential risk of confirmation bias posed by the manual supervision in the original method. Refinements to the method include the latest algorithms for clustering of Gaussian mixtures, with Bayesian regularisation to set the number of components and to limit the predisposition to overfit. A new extension u [...]

1790 9590

Open Access Research Article

Numerical Investigation of Pyrotechnical Initiators and Their Impact in Airbag Inflator Applications: Ballistic Modeling and Functional Analysis

Received: 02 April 2021;  Published: 28 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102026

Abstract

A numerical model describing the ballistic behavior of a commercially used initiator is presented in this article. This model was built on the principle of conservation of mass and energy in the multi-phase framework incorporated with multi-loaded conditions. After obtaining the information about the grain size distribution in each composite, a fixing factor was proposed based on the surface area ratio of the composites. Thus, the solid propellant burning process based on distributed grain size was described, and t [...]

3612 18780

Open Access Original Research

Estimating Met-Ocean Parameters during a Tropical Cyclone for Marine Science and Engineering

Received: 16 April 2021;  Published: 16 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102025

Abstract

During a tropical cyclone (TC) worldwide, the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorological Branch (RAMMB) of NOAA/NESDIS (http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/) issues real-time TC surface wind analyses. The purpose of this article is to provide value-added estimations of several meteorological and oceanographic (met-ocean) parameters including overwater friction velocity and turbulence intensity, variation of the wind speed with height, significant wave height, peak or dominant wave period, wind-driven currents and wind-stres [...]

2218 12036

Open Access Original Research

Performance Investigation of a Nickel Cermet Anode Modified with Copper, Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide, Boron, and Perovskite for Direct Methane Fuel Cell

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 11 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102024

Abstract

The metallic copper, alkaline earth metal oxide, boron, and perovskite were incorporated on the surface of a Ni-cermet anode, and the performance of the modified Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anode was evaluated. The cell performance was analyzed by voltage-current characteristics (V-I curve) and H2-CH4 step reactions (P-t curve) in a potentiostatic mode. Besides, we also determined if a metallic phase or high electronic conductivity of the anode is important for a cell to perform well when H2 is used as a fuel, whe [...]

2366 13075

Open Access Research Article

Interconnected Operations of Electric Vehicle to Grid and Microgrid

Received: 19 December 2020;  Published: 31 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102023

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a high-performance electric vehicle (EV) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive and its vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations. The EV motor drive boostable DC-link voltage is established by a battery through a bilateral interface boost-buck DC-DC converter for good driving performance over a wide speed range. The motor efficiency is 92.3% near the rated load. In idle conditions, the embedded interface converter and inverter of the mo [...]

2400 12922

Open Access Original Research

An Ab Initio Study of Li/Ni-doped NaxMeO2 Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries

Received: 02 November 2020;  Published: 10 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102022

Abstract

The current state-of-the-art quantum mechanics methodologies were applied to derive information on the bulk and surface properties of the P2-type layered oxide Na0.85Li0.17Ni0.21Mn0.64O2 (NLNMO), a cathode material. The special quasi-random structure (SQS) approach was employed to identify the arrangement of Li, Ni, and Mn ions in a supercell containing 115 atoms. Both the cell parameters and atomic positions were determined from DFT-PBE+U calculations to highlight specific distortions induced by the dopants (Ni an [...]

2347 12406

Open Access Original Research

Damage Mechanics of Carbon Nanotubes

Received: 27 October 2020;  Published: 10 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102021

Abstract

A robust mathematical method for the characterization of damage in carbon nanotubes is presented the presentation here is limited to elasticity. In this regard, the second and third order elastic stiffnesses are employed. All this is based on damage mechanics. The hypotheses of elastic strain equivalence and elastic energy equivalence are utilized. A new damage variable is proposed that is defined in terms of the surface area. This is in contrast to the classical damage variable which is defined in terms of the cro [...]

1621 8574

Open Access Review

Hybrid Materials and Nanoparticles for Hybrid Silicon Solar Cells and Li-Ion Batteries

Received: 09 November 2020;  Published: 08 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102020

Abstract

Hybrid composites based on inorganic nanomaterials embedded into a polymer matrix have were synthesized and characterized. Oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (SnO, SnO2, TiO2, Ga2O3, and NiO) and Si nanoparticles were employed as inorganic counterparts in the hybrid composite, while a conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) with diverse additives was used as the organic matrix. The composites were spin-coated on Si or glass substrates. The potential use of these materials in photovoltaic devices to improve Si surface passiva [...]

2447 12293

Open Access Review

Lithium Metal Anode for High-Power and High-Capacity Rechargeable Batteries

Received: 21 February 2021;  Published: 08 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102019

Abstract

Because lithium metal exhibits high specific capacity and low potential, it is the best candidate for fabricating anodes for batteries. Rechargeable batteries fabricated using lithium anode exhibit high capacity and high potential cathode; these can be potentially used to fabricate high energy density batteries (>500 Wh kg-1) that can be used for the development of next-generation electric vehicles. However, the formation and growth of lithium dendrites and the low coulombic efficiency recorded during lithiu [...]

2848 18851

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