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Open Access Review

Psychotropics and Neuroprotection: Literature Review and Case Series Report

Received: 10 November 2019;  Published: 10 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2001048

Abstract

Agitation is a common manifestation of acute brain injury. When not addressed, agitation can lead to slower recovery rates, including delayed admission to acute rehabilitation programs. Antipsychotics are commonly used to control agitation in acute brain injury in the ICU. However, there is no current consensus on the most "efficacious and safest strategy" for use of antipsychotics in acute TBI. Haloperidol is arguably the commonly used antipsychotic for agitation in ICU setting at present. Interestingly, there are [...]

1939 15269

Open Access Original Research

Exploring Quality of Sleep, Perceived Stress and Resilience in Cancer Survivorship: A Feasibility Study of Mindfulness in Motion

Received: 02 April 2019;  Published: 11 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904047

Abstract

Background: The global principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) have led to the creation of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), which are interventions that retrain the mind to modify its usual stress response to increase coping and resilience. Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) is an MBI that has shown significant biologic and positive psychosocial outcomes with adult working populations, but had not previously been tested in oncology populations and their caregivers. Utilizing MIM to improve sleep qua [...]

2352 14734

Open Access Review

Alzheimer’s Disease: Is a Dysfunctional Mevalonate Biosynthetic Pathway the Master-Inducer of Deleterious Changes in Cell Physiology?

Received: 03 October 2019;  Published: 29 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904046

Abstract

There is a growing awareness that the proteins—amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau—do not cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but are produced as a result of it. Similarly, doubt reigns over the degree of causality of high plasma cholesterol and prenylation in AD. This review proposes a fresh and important perspective, in addition to the current line of thinking. It emerges from comparative analysis, in evolutionary retrospect, of the characteristics of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathways in insects versus [...]

3404 19815

Open Access Research Article

Relationship between Brain Injury and Clinical Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Received: 24 June 2019;  Published: 15 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904045

Abstract

Background: The newborn affected by severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury usually end up dying, and those who survive suffer neurodevelopmental handicaps. Biomarkers are required to identify the hypoxic-ischemic insult in order to determine the early rescue treatment method to be followed. The aim of the present study was to correlate relevant biomarkers to the pathophysiological process of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at 6 h and 72 h in newborn piglets. Methods:Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in the piglets by clampi [...]

1528 10740

Open Access Research Article

The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Eating Competence in A Sample of Canadian Post-Secondary Students

Received: 09 August 2019;  Published: 31 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904044

Abstract

Background: Post-secondary students are at increased risk for sleep problems and poor eating behaviours that overtime may lead to negative health outcomes later in life. However, limited research has examined associations of sleep quality with eating behaviours and eating competence (e.g., being positive, flexible, and comfortable with eating and getting enough enjoyable and nutritious foods) among Canadian post-secondary students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, participants completed an online surv [...]

2096 11524

Open Access Original Research

Acute Exercise on Reversal Learning

Received: 15 July 2019;  Published: 09 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904043

Abstract

Objective: Reversal learning requires an individual to alter their behavior when previously learned reward-based contingencies are reversed. Reversal learning is heavily influenced by cognitive flexibility, which has been shown to be enhanced with acute exercise. However, minimal work has directly evaluated the effects of acute exercise on reversal learning, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: A between-subject randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N=60) were randomized into [...]

1631 9804

Open Access Review

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Tool for Quantifying Neurophysiological Changes in the Brain Following Concussion Injury in Sports

Received: 05 July 2019;  Published: 27 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903042

Abstract

Background: Sport-related concussion is a growing public health concern. Defined as a injury that disturbs neurological functions, concussion is characterised by a constellation of signs and symptoms. However, clinical imaging methods do not reveal any structural damage. Recently, neurophysiological techniques such as single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are being applied to quantify neurophysiological changes (specifically corticospinal and intracortical excitation and intracortical inhi [...]

2062 12261

Open Access Research Article

The End Effector of Ischemic Tolerance Present in Blood Plasma from Double Conditioned Donors Ameliorates Trimethyltin Provoked Damage in Brain

Received: 03 June 2019;  Published: 20 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903041

Abstract

Background: Many experiments have been done to demonstrate robust ischemic tolerance efficiency using mostly young and healthy animals. However, the translation of these results to usually elderly and sick patients moreover taking many various medicines has to date been disappointing. 3-Methyltin (TMT) poisoning and short-term transient cerebral ischemia cause similar damage, especially, to selectively vulnerable brain regions such as hippocampal CA1 and CA3. Methods: Using dual conditioning, we activated the full [...]

1963 9503

Open Access Review

Delaying Dementia: Targeted Brain Delivery Using Lipid Cubic Phases

Received: 22 August 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903040

Abstract

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction precedes, often by decades, the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Hence, preservation of a healthy cerebrovascular endothelium can be an important therapeutic target. By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into biomimetic (lipid cubic phase) nanocarriers, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic which targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors, mainly class B type I (i.e., SR-BI), and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Documented similarities in [...]

1726 9577

Open Access Review

Impact of Case Management on HIV Patients’ Linkage to Care and Their Clinical Outcome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Received: 11 August 2019;  Published: 09 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903039

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to investigate the impact of case management on the link between HIV/AIDS patients (HIV-infected persons) and HIV treatment, and to investigate the impact of case management on their morbidity and mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, Current Contents, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Effect Review Summary Database and the ACP Journal Club until May 2018. A randomized clinical trial examined the impact of case management on the association of PLHA with c [...]

2221 12178

Open Access Review

Hyperglycemia-Induced Brain Injury in Preterm Infants

Received: 29 May 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903038

Abstract

Hyperglycemia soon after birth is common in extremely preterm infants. Hyperglycemia is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage and impaired neurodevelopmental outcome in these infants. Recent data in human infants and animal models demonstrate that hyperglycemia leads to decreased white matter content, abnormal synaptogenesis, microgliosis, and functional deficits in the absence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Data suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal substrate metabolism are respon [...]

2145 14456

Open Access Review

Extra Corporeal Life Support in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Received: 11 June 2019;  Published: 22 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903037

Abstract

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to describe recent evidence regarding the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) as rescue therapy for refractory cardiac or respiratory failure in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) when conventional treatments have failed. The characteristics of these patients, including the risk of bleeding and developing malignant intracranial hypertension, are generally considered as relative contraindications to ECMO treatment; however, recent evidence sugges [...]

2228 11803

Open Access Original Research

Characterisation of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and Inflammation in a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Received: 13 March 2019;  Published: 01 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903036

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is a synucleinopathy due to the critical role of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in its pathology. α-Syn is able to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and cause DNA damage. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing wild type (WT) α-Syn and A53T mutant α-Syn as fusion proteins with EGFP and an EGFP only control vector. The cells were differentiated using retinoi [...]

2183 13680

Open Access Review

The Role of Periostin in Brain Injury Caused by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Received: 07 May 2019;  Published: 29 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903035

Abstract

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes serious brain injury, and its mechanisms have not been completely unraveled so far. The causative factors for the brain injury initiated by an aneurysm rupture, which is referred to as the early brain injury (EBI), include elevated intracranial pressure, cerebral hypoperfusion, and blood contents that are directly exposed to the brain surface. At Day 4–14 post aSAH, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) often develops, which may worsen the neurological outcomes critically. [...]

2007 12380

Open Access Review

Short Sleep in Pupils in Japan: Current Status and Associated Factors

Received: 21 February 2019;  Published: 22 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903034

Abstract

Background: Several recommendations on optimum sleep duration have been published for adolescents to secure a healthy life. This study aimed to compare the sleep duration of middle and high school pupils in Japan with the recommended values and determined the factors associated with the duration of sleep among them. Methods: A total of 1766 completed questionnaires were obtained from grades 7 to 12 pupils in Japan. The questionnaire addressed the following points: sleeping, eating, defecation, physical activity, sc [...]

1804 17002

Open Access Original Research

Melatonin Aggravated Oxaliplatin-Mimicking Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome: Role of Platelet Aggregation and Oxidative Stress

Received: 31 March 2019;  Published: 17 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903033

Abstract

Background: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is caused by an injury to the liver induced either by accidental ingestion of pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline or by chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is characterized by rounding and swelling of the sinusoidal endothelial cell, which leads to obstruction of blood vessels, leukocyte infiltration, and oxidative stress. Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, prevents acute liver injury. We investig [...]

1879 48270

Open Access Research Article

Daytime Sleepiness and the Well-Being and Academic Attainment of University Students in the UK

Received: 02 April 2019;  Published: 02 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903032

Abstract

Background: Previous research suggests that insufficient daily sleep has negative effects on both well-being and academic attainment. Much of the research in this field has focused on adolescents and children rather than university students in the UK. Methods: The present study used the Student Well-Being Process Questionnaire and independent sleep questions to measure subjective well-being and levels of sleep in a student sample (N=345) who completed the survey online. Academic attainment was measured with exam an [...]

2178 14166

Open Access Research Article

Autonomic Function Correlates with Microflora Compositions in a Small Cohort of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Preliminary Clinical Data and Discussion

Received: 05 March 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902031

Abstract

Background: Research into the effects of microflora on health and in disease has increased recently. Such enthusiasm seems well placed. Should the preliminary studies translate through the larger, more powerful studies, the medical community may well have an entirely new platform from which to intervene for health and against disease. Methods: Delineating the pathways involved in the microflora and host interaction is likely to yield further avenues for intervention. Here we examine autonomic function and correlate [...]

2145 8651

Open Access Communication

A Neurotransmitter Approach to the Trolley Problem

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902030

Abstract

Is it ethically permissible to sacrifice the life of one human being in order to save the lives of five others? This question forms the basis of the famous thought experiment called “the trolley problem.” Surveys have found that 90 percent of people agree it is permissible when the victim to be sacrificed is described as off in the distance, whereas the opposite result occurs if the victim is described as up close. No consistent ethical principle has been identified that account for these results. In this paper we [...]

2480 18044

Open Access Review

Sleep and Help Seeking Behaviours in Australia: A Narrative Review

Received: 22 March 2019;  Published: 27 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902029

Abstract

Inadequate sleep is a largely under recognised problem in Australia despite researchers consistently highlighting it as a key component of health and wellbeing. Over a third of Australian adults now experience some form of inadequate sleep, which is consistently linked to a range of accompanying physical and mental health concerns. In addition to the health burden on the individual, the associated financial burden incurred by the community is extremely high with inadequate sleep costing over 66.3 billion annually i [...]

1686 12889

Open Access Case Report

Changes in SPECT Brain Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Suspected Neuroborreliosis: A Series of 6 Cases

Received: 01 April 2019;  Published: 14 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902028

Abstract

Lyme disease is a spirochetal illness transmitted primarily through the bite of ticks. The disease has a broad spectrum of comorbid conditions including osteoarticular, cardiovascular, and neurological involvement. In addition, clinical variability depends on the age of affected individuals. The Center for Disease Control recognizes the disease as an epidemic and mentions it to be a major morbidity burden in our environment because of the frequent lack of diagnosis and early treatment. Scientific literature mention [...]

1557 9644

Open Access Review

Connections between Early-Life Neuroinflammation, Neural Stem Cells and Progenitors and Origins of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Received: 13 February 2019;  Published: 13 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902027

Abstract

A number of studies have highlighted the connection between infections during pregnancy in mothers and increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders later in life leading to the view that maternal immune activation is a significant contributor to psychiatric illnesses. Meta-analyses have revealed associations between the incidence of premature birth and perinatal inflammation with smaller total brain volumes, cognitive, motor and behavioral deficits in childhood and adolescents. In animal studies where inflammati [...]

2112 13517

Open Access Review

The Effects of Exercise on Long-Term Potentiation: A Candidate Mechanism of the Exercise-Memory Relationship

Received: 30 March 2019;  Published: 10 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902026

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the extent to which exercise may influence long-term potentiation (LTP), a key cellular correlate of episodic memory function. Methods: Studies were identified using electronic databases, including PubMed, PsychInfo, Sports Discus and Google Scholar. Results: The computerized searches revealed 20 articles meeting the study criteria. Among these 20 evaluated articles, 17 were conducted in an animal model and 3 among humans. All 17 of these studies, with the exce [...]

2734 23484

Open Access Editorial

Editorial: “A New Era in Neuro-Oncology”

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 08 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902025

1486 7271

Open Access Research Article

Gluten-Free Diet for the Treatment of ADHD; Pilot Study

Received: 17 December 2018;  Published: 03 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902024

Abstract

Background: The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and celiac disease has already been established. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), as well as celiac disease, has been associated with neuro-psychiatric disorders. Our objective is to assess if a proportion of pediatric ADHD patients are affected by NCGS and could consequently benefit from a gluten-free diet. Methods: Pilot study of 6 ADHD patients. Personal or family history suggestive of NCGS was investigated. The Conners Cont [...]

2475 29260

Open Access Review

Ischemic Brain Injury and Regulatory T Cells

Received: 13 January 2019;  Published: 27 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901023

Abstract

Inflammation and immune responses after stroke, including ischemic cerebral infarction, play pivotal roles in the pathology, resolution of inflammation, and neurological recovery. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are the cells responsible for immune tolerance, usually activated by secondary lymphatic tissues, which subsequently regulate effector T cell activation and dendritic cell activation. Recently, Tregs that are present in tissues, called tissue Tregs, have been shown to exhibit tissue-specific functions in addition [...]

2009 13306

Open Access Review

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Translation of Genomic Knowledge to Clinical Practice

Received: 29 November 2018;  Published: 12 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901022

Abstract

Pediatric brain tumors account for approximately 25% of all cancers in children and are currently the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the pediatric population with an estimated incidence of 5.14 cases per 100,000 person years [1]. Up to 10-15% of all pediatric brain tumors arise in the brainstem, with the majority of these classified as the diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) subtype [2]. The outcome of children with DIPG remains dismal with a median survival of <1 year. Owing to the unique locatio [...]

2053 14167

Open Access Review

Sporadic and Hereditary Hemangioblastoma: The Role of Endothelial Cells

Received: 26 November 2018;  Published: 04 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901021

Abstract

Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are benign, highly vascularized tumors of the central nervous system. Approximately 75% of HBs are sporadic, while 25% are associated with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. HBs consist of two main components: a rich capillary network composed of vascular endothelia and pericytes, within large vacuolated stromal cells, which harbor the genetic defect. The mechanism by which the VHL gene product (pVHL) causes HB is not completely clear. Wild-type pVHL is involved in the response to hypoxia, tar [...]

1800 12597

Open Access Research Article

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approaches for Predicting the Response to Hyperoxic Radiotherapy in Glioma-Bearing Rats

Received: 11 November 2018;  Published: 30 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901020

Abstract

Background: Despite important advances in multimodal therapeutic options, glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive form of all astrocytomas, remains with a median overall survival period of 15 months. A direct correlation between GBM hypoxia and higher aggressiveness, poor prognosis and greater resistance to different treatments has been established. However, because of intratumoral and interindividual heterogeneity, it has not been possible to assess accurately the hypoxia degree from physiopathologica [...]

1977 11573

Open Access Research Article

Correlation of CT and MR Perfusion and Permeability Parameters for Intracranial Tumors

Received: 07 October 2018;  Published: 13 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901019

Abstract

Background: Perfusion imaging, mainly MR perfusion (MRP), is performed frequently for brain tumor imaging. CT perfusion (CTP) is less studied as a method for characterizing brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of CTP perfusion parameters in evaluating brain tumors and to compare it with MRP measures in the same patient population. Methods: Patients underwent CTP and MRP imaging prospectively. Images were processed with vendor-provided and vendor-neutral software. Four regions of [...]

2007 11778

Open Access Case Report

Cerebellopontine Angle Glioblastoma with Concurrent Spinal Cord Involvement: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Received: 12 November 2018;  Published: 04 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1901018

Abstract

Objective: To report a unique case of cerebellopontine angle glioblastoma with concurrent spinal cord involvement. Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS), comprising 46.6% of all CNS malignancies. By anatomic location, cerebellopontine angle (CPA) GBMs are exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, the following case represents the tenth reported case of CPA GBM and the first with a corresponding spinal cord tumor on presentation. Methods: Retrospective cha [...]

1742 11463

Open Access Review

Sleep Disorders in Children with Central Nervous System Tumors

Received: 13 November 2018;  Published: 16 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804017

Abstract

Sleep complaints are common in pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. These problems may result from disruption of normal homeostatic, circadian, neuroendocrine, and cardiorespiratory pathways and vary by tumor location and treatment received. Children with tumors within the hypothalamus and surrounding regions are prone to excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep-related breathing disorders, especially those involving abnormal control of breathing, may occur in patients with tumors of the brainste [...]

1816 13823

Open Access Original Research

TTF-1-Expressing Supratentorial Embryonal Tumors (PNET): A Clinicopathologic Study of Two Cases and Literature Review of TTF-1-Positive Primary Brain Tumors

Received: 07 October 2018;  Published: 14 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804016

Abstract

Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is a nuclear polypeptide and a tissue-restricted member of the homeobox protein family that, when attached to DNA, plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of select genes during early embryonic development of the thyroid, lung, and brain. As often happens, the initial enthusiasm for the diagnostic value of TTF-1 as a selective immunohistochemical marker of lung and thyroid tumors began to dwindle, due to its detection in tumors arising from other organs. TTF-1-expres [...]

1987 16549

Open Access Review

Angiocentric Glioma: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features

Received: 04 September 2018;  Published: 05 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804015

2046 12832

Open Access Case Report

A Case Series of Temozolomide in the Management of Refractory Prolactinomas

Received: 12 October 2018;  Published: 01 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804014

Abstract

Objective: To report three cases of refractory prolactinomas treated with Temozolomide (TMZ). Background: Prolactinomas account for 40% of pituitary adenomas. Dopamine agonists (DA) are the first line of treatment followed by surgical resection and radiation. TMZ is an oral chemotherapeutic agent used in gliomas, which has been given to patients with prolactinomas refractory to conventional treatments. Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted for refractory prolactinoma patients treated between 2008 and 20 [...]

2175 11758

Open Access Research Article

Isolated Diffusion Restriction Preceding Contrast Enhancement in Glioblastoma Multiforme is Associated with Short-Term Survival

Received: 07 August 2018;  Published: 25 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804013

Abstract

(1) Background: Current imaging standard for detecting and assessing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression depends on contrast-enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Isolated foci of diffusion restriction have been observed to precede enhancement in GBM. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of isolated diffusion restriction that precede corresponding enhancement and to investigate the association between isolated diffusion restriction and survival in patients with GBM. (2) Metho [...]

1823 13521

Open Access Review

Craniopharyngiomas: An Appropriate Surgical Treatment based on Topographical and Pathological Concepts

Received: 11 September 2018;  Published: 15 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804012

Abstract

The optimal treatment of craniopharyngiomas (CPs) represents a neurosurgical challenge, the major reason being their close relationship with the hypothalamus and the third ventricle (3V) boundaries. Nevertheless, CPs are generally defined as “suprasellar” lesions, an inexplicit and frequently defective term. Despite being heterogeneous lesions, CPs are actually characterized by repeating pathological patterns which depend on their point of origin along the pituitary-hypothalamic axis. Surgical plan in tailoring the [...]

2614 21616

Open Access Review

Contribution of PET Imaging to Clinical Management of Gliomas

Received: 02 July 2018;  Published: 19 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1803011

Abstract

Gliomas originating from glial cells comprise about 30% of all primary central nervous system tumors and 80% of malignant brain tumors. Gliomas differ in their biological activity and are categorized according to grades, from benign to malignant with high recurrence rates. For diagnosis, location and extent of the tumor is assessed by CT and MRI, but for grading, additional parameters are necessary: contrast enhanced CT and MRI reveal damage of the blood–brain barrier, perfusion-weighted MRI shows regional blood su [...]

1517 11068

Open Access Original Research

Haplo-Insufficiency or Knockout of the Serotonin Transporter Does not Affect Heroin Self-Administration but Decreases BDNF in the Frontal Cortex

Received: 01 February 2018;  Published: 07 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802010

Abstract

(1) Background: Drug addiction places a heavy burden on those affected by it but only a small percentage of individuals (~20%), regardless of their drug of abuse, go on to develop the compulsive behaviours that define drug addiction. Clinical studies have shown that genetic variations that reduce serotonin transporter (SERT) activity increase the vulnerability to developing a variety of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and drug addiction. (2) Methods: To investigate the influence of reduced SERT fu [...]

1758 9139

Open Access Review

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Hyperpolarized, Depolarized, and Flow-Through Ion Channels Utilized as Tri-Coordinate Biomarkers of Electrophysiologic Dysfunction

Received: 12 January 2018;  Published: 31 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802009

Abstract

The brain is an integrated network of multiple variables that when compromised create a diseased state. The neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate both similarity and complexity that reflects this integrated variability; TLE with its live human tissue resection provides opportunity for translational science to demonstrate scale equivalent experimentation between the macroscopic world of clinical disease and the microscopic world of basic science. The ext [...]

2998 14342

Open Access Editorial

The Translational Umbrella - A Novel Approach to the Study of the Biological Basis of Mental Health

Received: 20 March 2018;  Published: 29 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1801008

2076 10766

Open Access Editorial

Mitochondria, Brain, Heart and Body

by Ya Wen
Received: 28 November 2017;  Published: 05 December 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1704007

Abstract

More and more studies revealed links amongst neurological disorders, heart diseases and cancers. For example, people with subclinical cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease is associated with varied risk of cancer, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cancer have overlapping genes and molecular pathways, heart disease and cancer share common risk factors, etc. It is intriguing how are these conditions that appear to be completely different linked together.

1620 8159

Open Access Review

Perspective on Neurobiological and Clinical Early Indicators of Mild Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Received: 17 April 2017;  Published: 09 July 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1702006

Abstract

There is a need for early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Traditional assessments of cognitive decline have been found to lack sensitivity and accuracy in differentiating varying stages of Dementia and cognitive decline as well as being time consuming in their administration. Key components of cognition namely memory and executive function have been identified as most predicative of AD status. Brief cognitive screening tools such as the Montreal C [...]

1879 9550

Open Access Review

Perspectives on the Role of Endocannabinoids in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Received: 11 April 2017;  Published: 27 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1702005

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are diagnosed on the basis of three behavioral features, namely, (1) deficits in social communication, (2) absence or delay in language and (3) stereotypy. The consensus regarding the neurological pathogenesis of ASDs is aberrant synaptogenesis and synapse function. Further, it is now widely accepted that ASD is neurodevelopmental in nature, placing emphasis on derangements occurring at the level of intra- and intercellular signaling during corticogenesis. At present, there is an ev [...]

1683 10213

Open Access Review

A Neurodevelopmental Perspective for Autism-Associated Gene Function

Received: 10 April 2017;  Published: 24 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1702004

Abstract

Large-scale genetic sequencing studies have identified a wealth of genes in which mutations are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the biological function of these genes sheds light onto the neurodevelopmental basis of ASD. To this end, we defined functional categories representing brain development – (1) Cell Division and Survival, (2) Cell Migration and Differentiation, (3) Neuronal Morphological Elaboration, (4) Development and Regulation of Cellular Excitability, and (5) Synapse Forma [...]

2150 11892

Open Access Perspective

Neurobiology of Sleep and Microbiomics in Aging

Received: 22 February 2019;  Published: 12 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1702003

Abstract

(1) Background: The daily rhythms of life on earth are governed by a central clock located in the hypothalamus and entrained primarily by light. By virtue of its connections to a myriad of other clocks located both in the brain and in peripheral organs and cells, this clock provides a timing signal based on the light/dark cycle by which organismal physiology and behaviour are governed. Disturbances of these natural rhythms have multiple downstream effects, frequently resulting in dysregulations of sleep and wake cy [...]

1725 14588

Open Access Opinion

FASD and Brain Development: Perspectives on Where We are and Where We Need to Go

Received: 14 March 2017;  Published: 23 March 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1701002

Abstract

Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) during pregnancy can lead to life-long neurobehavioral and cognitive abnormalities in the offspring, collectively referred to as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Prenatal exposure to ethanol is one of the leading causes of non-genetic intellectual disability and FASD is an umbrella category that includes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Alcohol Related Birth Defects, and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Children with a history of&n [...]

1841 12654

Open Access Perspective

Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Antipsychotic Drugs in Psychiatric Disorders

Received: 22 February 2019;  Published: 14 March 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1701001

Abstract

Antipsychotics have been a pillar in the treatment of schizophrenia since their introduction more than 60 years ago. Their variety in structures and receptor binding properties confers on them a complex clinical profile of effectiveness and risk of adverse side-effects. Although antipsychotics are best known for their therapeutic effects in schizophrenia, these are limited to the positive symptoms, with much less influence on negative symptoms or cognitive deficits. Moreover, although the newer (so-called second-ge [...]

1598 14316

Open Access Research Article

Technical and Economic Feasibility Assessment of a Mini Wind Turbine Using Statistical Method for Sustainable Urban Energy: A Case Study of Zvishavane Urban, Zimbabwe

Received: 27 January 2026;  Published: 08 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2603012

Abstract

Unreliable electricity supply remains a significant barrier to economic development in sub-Saharan Africa, with Zimbabwe experiencing acute load-shedding that disrupts residential, commercial, and industrial activity. This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility assessment of a mini wind turbine for distributed urban energy generation in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. Wind resource data were sourced from two independent platforms Weather Spark (30-year climatological record) and Meteoblue (high-resolution reanalysis) a [...]

164 342

Open Access Review

Bioenergy in Three Largest Energy-Consuming Nations: An Overview of Policy, Markets and Implications

Received: 04 February 2026;  Published: 22 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2602011

Abstract

Bioenergy plays a differentiated yet increasingly strategic role in national energy transitions, shaped by distinct policy architectures, market structures, and developmental priorities. This review compares the bioenergy policies and markets of China, the United States (US), and India, three of the world’s largest energy consumers, to assess their implications for global bioenergy transitions. China’s bioenergy sector is embedded within a centralized, planning-based governance framework, emphasizing waste-to-energ [...]

276 1081

Open Access Review

Use of Composite Materials in Wind Turbine Blades: A Comprehensive Review

Received: 13 January 2026;  Published: 03 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2602010

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable energy has accelerated the development of high-performance wind turbine systems. In this context, material selection for turbine blades plays a critical role in ensuring structural efficiency, fatigue resistance, and long-term reliability. This study evaluates the mechanical and structural advantages of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites over glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials in wind turbine blade applications. Results from the literature indicate t [...]

418 2547

Open Access Original Research

Development of Binderless Waste-Derived Briquettes: Effect of Plastic Content on Combustion Performance and Kinetics

Received: 16 February 2026;  Published: 15 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2602009

Abstract

Waste-derived briquettes offer a promising alternative to fossil fuels and are characterised by low production costs, high volumetric calorific value, robust mechanical strength, and excellent durability. To optimize their adoption, four variants of waste-derived briquettes were produced with different mass ratios of sawdust to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) using high-pressure compaction without binders. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the Coats-Redfern method were e [...]

521 1513

Open Access Original Research

Stochastic Assessment of Renewable Energy Reliability: A Case Study of North Euboea, Greece

Received: 20 December 2025;  Published: 20 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2602008

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix, particularly solar photovoltaic and wind power, poses significant challenges to electricity grid reliability due to their inherent stochastic variability. This study develops a stochastic framework to assess the ability of RES to balance electricity demand, with a focus on storage requirements and reliability implications. Using North Euboea, Greece, as a representative case study, normalized hourly time series of electricity demand, so [...]

610 4037

Open Access Original Research

Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Without Local Data: A Spatially-Aware Approach Using Neighboring Plants

Received: 17 October 2025;  Published: 03 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2602007

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has intensified the adoption of photovoltaic systems. This study proposes predictive models for solar power generation that operate without dependence on on-site meteorological stations. The proposed approach integrates generation data from geographically distributed plants and accounts for the distance to meteorological stations when constructing climatic variables. Two machine learning techniques, Random Forest (RF) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, wer [...]

483 2629

Open Access Review

Integrated Evaluation of Electric Submersible Pump Failures under Diverse Field Operating Conditions

Received: 09 September 2024;  Published: 26 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601006

Abstract

Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are an efficient and reliable artificial lift method for lifting large volumes of fluids from wellbores at flexible rates. Despite their advantages, including high flow rates and real-time downhole telemetry, ESPs are prone to frequent and unforeseen failures under harsh reservoir conditions, resulting in costly production delays and interventions. This paper presents an integrated evaluation of ESP failure mechanisms based on an analysis of run and pull reports, dismantle inspec [...]

1522 4203

Open Access Research Article

Modelling and Optimisation of Integrated Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies with Dual Energy Storage for an Island

Received: 17 September 2025;  Published: 09 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601005

Abstract

The work focused on modelling and optimisation of integrated renewable energy conversion technologies based on sunlight, wind, and biomass, with dual energy storage (battery and hydrogen), for Patani Island, Delta State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at satisfying the energy demand of the Patani Island community (5°13’43” N, 6°11’29” E). A mathematical model was developed to describe the integrated system, and a genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the allocation of energy demand, energy generation, and energy [...]

597 1964

Open Access Original Research

Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes of Polyethylene Oxide-Based Composite Electrolyte with Liquid Electrolytes

Received: 18 November 2025;  Published: 26 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601004

Abstract

A thin film of PEO18Li(CF3SO2)2N(LiTFSI)-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4)-Li1.4Al0.4Ge0.2Ti1.4(PO4)3-LiCl·H2O (LAGTP·LiCl) was prepared by addition of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME). The grain boundary resistance of PEO18LiTFSI-LAGTP·LiCl was considerably reduced by the addition of G4, and a large-sized thin film of the composite polymer electrolyte was prepared easily by the addition of 10 wt.% DME. The electrical conductivity of [(PEO18LiTFSI-2G4)-5 wt.% LAGTP·LiCl]-10 wt.% DME was 1.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25°C, a [...]

823 2237

Open Access Original Research

Wind Turbine Tower Structural and Cost Optimisation within Acceptable Structural Integrity

Received: 26 June 2025;  Published: 13 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601003

Abstract

As the demand for cleaner-greener energy surges owing to more nations adopting Net Zero Emission by 2050, wind turbine (WT) technology is increasingly poised as one of the technologies to match the demand. Capacity building in the development of cost-effective WT tower with improved reliability and safety has become critical to delivering Net Zero mandate. This research demonstrates implementation of Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE) in conjunction with Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to optimise both structural desig [...]

1120 4588

Open Access Research Article

Integrating Small-Scale Geothermal into a Mini-Grid to Improve Electricity Access in Nigeria

Received: 31 July 2025;  Published: 12 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601002

Abstract

Increasing local energy access in developing countries, particularly in off-grid regions where mini-grids are often overloaded, remains a critically underexplored area in energy transition. These regions often face significant technical and economic challenges, such as low generation capacity, high energy costs, limited energy access, and heavy reliance on diesel fuels. This study explores capacity expansion by integrating small-scale geothermal energy into such a mini-grid system to enhance the local energy supply [...]

1169 3416

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2025

Received: 04 January 2026;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2601001

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2025. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can [...]

674 1544

Open Access Research Article

Correlation between the Storage Pattern of Spent Fuel Casks and the Neutron Multiplication Factor

Received: 21 April 2025;  Published: 19 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2504018

Abstract

The effective neutron multiplication factor (keff) of a fissile system is a function of space and time f(x, y, z, t), where (x, y, z) are the coordinates of the reference point in space, and t is time. The evidence of the time-dependence of the neutron multiplication factor of a fissile system was published in 2017. The spatial dependence is as important as the time dependence, as interacting arrays of fissile material during storage can lead to an increase in the system (keff). Therefore, evaluation of how the sto [...]

780 2792

Open Access Original Research

Advancing Marine Renewable Energy for Island Nations: Design and Development of a 20 kW Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT)

Received: 15 September 2025;  Published: 10 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2504017

Abstract

Taiwan relies heavily on imported fossil fuels, with over 98% of its energy demand supplied by foreign sources, posing significant challenges to national energy security. To explore alternatives, this study investigates the potential of marine renewable energy by developing a 20 kW floating hydrokinetic turbine prototype designed for deployment in the Kuroshio Current. The research encompasses system design, model validation, and both tank and at-sea testing to evaluate hydrodynamic performance and power generation [...]

985 3120

Open Access Original Research

Framework for the Secured Integration of Renewable Energy into Power Systems

Received: 11 June 2025;  Published: 05 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2504016

Abstract

This research introduces a blockchain framework to improve security and transparency for the use of renewable energy in power systems. The framework utilizes a permissioned blockchain architecture and IoT-based real-time monitoring to ensure data integrity and confidentiality and support efficient peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. Compared with traditional centralized energy management systems, the proposed design increases transaction security by 35%, decreases verification wait times by 28%, and decreases the ri [...]

893 2874

Open Access Original Research

BESS Sizing Optimization Combined with Optimal Scheduling Method Considering the Battery Degradation Using PSO

Received: 17 June 2025;  Published: 24 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2504015

Abstract

Recently, renewable energy projects using storage systems have gained significant attention. This innovative technology requires a comprehensive investigation to overcome the technical and economic issues, which are related to optimal storage system capacity and operational requirements. In this study, an extensive battery energy storage system (BESS) sizing method was proposed considering four variables: charging and discharging scheduling, state of charge, BESS rate energy and power capacity, and degradation effe [...]

1833 7561

Open Access Review

Bridging Togo’s Energy Gap: Renewable Energy Potentials, Policy Challenges, and Strategic Pathways for Sustainable Development

Received: 22 December 2024;  Published: 13 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2504014

Abstract

This work investigates the potential of renewable energy to significantly reduce Togo’s energy deficit, offering a critical analysis of the country’s current energy landscape. It evaluates the availability and viability of renewable energy sources—particularly solar and small-scale hydropower—and examines the mismatch between energy supply and growing demand. The study highlights Togo’s heavy reliance on biomass and energy imports from neighbouring countries such as Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Nigeria, which exacerba [...]

1720 9442

Open Access Original Research

Photon Recycling for Indoor Energy Harvesting: Optical Optimization of LED-Driven Silicon Photovoltaic Systems

Received: 06 July 2025;  Published: 11 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2503013

Abstract

Indoor environments offer a unique opportunity for photon recycling using LED-based illumination, particularly to address energy limitations of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems during nighttime or in low-light conditions. This study presents an optical and electrical performance evaluation of silicon-based photovoltaic (SPV) panels operating under controlled indoor LED lighting. Despite the low irradiance (~1.4 mW/cm2), significant power output was achieved through engineered panel configurations and optimized light [...]

1377 6628

Open Access Original Research

Fairness and Reasonableness Tariff Indicator (FRTI) to Meter and Compare Rate Policy in the Electricity Regimes. The Case of Argentina in 2022

Received: 01 May 2025;  Published: 25 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2503012

Abstract

The tariff policy for energy services is a fundamental issue for today's societies, especially for end users, including residential, commercial, and industrial. The main objective of this paper is to propose a statistical method to calculate, compare, and evaluate policies of this nature. To this end, firstly, it is intended to rethink an old concept on this type of policy, the principle of fairness and reasonableness, through the linkage with the perspective of human rights, specifically with the right to energy, [...]

1229 6069

Open Access Original Research

Lithium Stable Flexible Polyethylene Oxide-Based Composite Electrolyte with High Lithium-Ion Conducting NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries

Received: 28 April 2025;  Published: 13 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2503011

Abstract

Solid lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are attractive candidates for battery applications because they are flexible and less flammable, and can be easily prepared as large-sized thin films. However, the room temperature conductivity of conventional polymer electrolytes is relatively low, and detrimental lithium dendrite formation is observed at high current density. In this study, a composite polymer electrolyte of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and a hi [...]

1196 6693

Open Access Review

Gaseous Biofuels in Biorefineries: Biomethane

Received: 20 February 2025;  Published: 13 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2502010

Abstract

The global production of biomethane is rapidly emerging as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for energy generation. Biogas, where methane (CH4) is usually one of the main components, is generated through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of various organic substrates, including animal manure, organic wastes, and wastewater. The efficiency of the AD process depends on key operational parameters and reactor designs that optimize microbial activity and gas yield. However, inhibitory compounds such as heavy metals, [...]

1808 10054

Open Access Project Report

Test Site for Small Wind Turbines – Technical and Logistical Issues of a Decade-Long Project

Received: 31 October 2024;  Published: 05 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2502009

Abstract

This work addresses the main results of a test site for small wind turbines (SWTs) located in Patagonia, and the development of the measurement systems involved, including the uncertainties calculations according to applicable IEC standards. Due to market evolution for over a decade, the test systems evolved from battery-charging SWTs to grid-connected units. The test site, developed and managed by state-owned INTI (National Institute for Industrial Technology), was established in 2012 and received support from the [...]

1622 9082

Open Access Original Research

Environmental Impacts of Different Electricity Production Scenarios in France

Received: 20 September 2024;  Published: 30 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2502008

Abstract

This study focuses on the environmental impacts of the electricity production scenarios proposed for France for 2060 by the French electricity network manager, RTE. They consider an increasing electricity consumption and a production without fossil fuels, essentially based on wind, photovoltaic, hydraulic, and, for some, nuclear power. The total power to install is significantly higher than the current one; it is higher in the scenarios that rely more on photovoltaic and less on nuclear. Renewable energies require [...]

1491 12382

Open Access Review

Assessment of Water Balance Dynamics and Resource Stress in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Received: 23 December 2024;  Published: 21 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2502007

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the most pressing global challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the Gaza Strip, where groundwater is the only available natural water resource, faces severe water stress due to overexploitation and drought conditions. This study aimed to review the recent water budget for the Gaza Strip by collecting data for the years (2021-2022) which was analyzed, discussed, and compared with other studies. The results showed a sharp deterioration in the Gaza Strip in te [...]

1500 8815

Open Access Original Research

A Novel Approach to Carbon Monoxide Removal Using Transition Metal-Doped Boron Nitride Nanosensors for Environmental Sustainability

Received: 12 November 2024;  Published: 02 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2502006

Abstract

Adsorption of toxic gas of CO molecules by using transition metals of X (X = Ti, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn)-doped boron nitride nanocage (B5N10_NC) has been studied by computational chemistry. Based on NQR analysis, X-doped on B5N10_NC has shown the lowest fluctuation in electric potential and the highest negative atomic charge, including 0.2331 (copper), 0.3112 (cobalt), 0.5883 (chromium), 0.6853 (zinc), 0.6893 (vanadium) and 0.7499 coulomb (titanium), respectively, have presented the most tendency for being the electron [...]

1141 5102

Open Access Research Article

Design and Management of Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Communities with No Grid Connection

Received: 10 October 2024;  Published: 07 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2501005

Abstract

The growing demand for energy and the need to reduce dependence on non-renewable sources have driven the research and application of sustainable technologies. In this context, an integrated solution that combines distributed energy generation from renewable sources, such as wind and hydro, with efficient management of household energy consumption is proposed. This study focuses on the hybrid renewable energy system simulation analysis designed to meet the demand of an off-grid household in a self-consumption mode. [...]

1419 7427

Open Access Original Research

Experimental Study and Kinetic Modeling of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Conversion to Fuel Gas via the Boudouard Reaction

Received: 12 November 2024;  Published: 24 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2501004

Abstract

Independent parallel reactions (IPR) and distributed activation energy (DAEM) kinetic models were developed and compared for the combined pyrolysis-gasification of two agro-industrial waste materials. The aim was to recycle greenhouse gas carbon dioxide for mitigating emissions, to evaluate the thermal behavior, reactivity, conversion and product composition in terms of structural/chemical characteristics of the fuels, and to provide accurate kinetic parameters useful in the scaling-up of the process. The experimen [...]

1524 6456

Open Access Original Research

Optimization of Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Collectors Using Advanced Turbulator Designs and Nanofluids

Received: 19 October 2024;  Published: 15 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2501003

Abstract

Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are essential for solar thermal energy systems, and their thermal efficiency can be significantly enhanced using turbulators and nanofluids. This numerical study introduces three novel fin-spiral turbulator configurations (4, 7, and 10 blades) to enhance heat transfer within the absorber tube. Additionally, three nanofluid types including water-based single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), cupric oxide (CuO), and a hybrid SWCNT-CuO, at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% were evaluat [...]

2175 11163

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2024

Received: 02 January 2025;  Published: 02 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2501002

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2024. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can [...]

963 4209

Open Access Original Research

Quantification and Comparative Analysis of Environmental Factors to Large-Scale Solar Plant’s Energy Performance via Regression and Linear Correlation Models

Received: 15 September 2024;  Published: 02 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2501001

Abstract

Performance degradation, including system deterioration, corrosion, and energy loss in solar PV systems, can be caused by environmental conditions such as high humidity, frequent rainfall, and temperature swings in tropical nations. Over the years, photovoltaic energy has been successfully developed to have low production costs and high efficiency. It has been the main reason that solar energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energies in the world, with a generation of 821 TWh of electricity since 2021, repr [...]

1494 11910

Open Access Original Research

High Data Rate MWD Mud Pulse Telemetry – From Mysteries to Discovery

Received: 07 September 2024;  Published: 06 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404023

Abstract

Our new approach to MWD mud pulse telemetry offers significant increases over conventional data rates. Using waveguide acoustics, we show that common drilling communications channels support carrier frequencies exceeding several hundred Hertz. Such signals are prone to attenuation over large drill pipe distances. Low power, self-spinning “turbosirens” are designed, providing high torque and rotation rate performance at all flow rates without electric or hydraulic motor drives. The sirens rotate, drawing only on the [...]

4424 23959

Open Access Original Research

Post-Combustion CO2 Capture from an Industrial Power Plant Using Five Chemical Solvents: A Comparative TEA

Received: 19 August 2024;  Published: 21 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404022

Abstract

CO2 capture processes using five chemical solvents were modeled in Aspen Plus V.12.1 for the capture of over 90% CO2 from a 456 ton/hour split flue gas stream containing 12.02 mol% CO2 emitted by the Longview 780 MW power plant (West Virginia, USA). Since the flue gas contained 33.10 ppmv SO2 and 35.47 ppmv NO2, a gas polishing process, using deionized water (DIW), was included in the model for complete scrubbing of SO2 and NO2 from the raw flue gas before the CO2 capture process. The five chemicals used for CO2 ca [...]

3113 17014

Open Access Original Research

Stability Improvement of Multimachine System Using Back-To-Back Converters

Received: 15 July 2024;  Published: 15 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404021

Abstract

As the penetration level of inverter-based generators continues to increase, it becomes crucial to reduce power oscillations between inverters and synchronous generators (SG) to improve system stability. This paper uses a multimachine system as the research platform and proposes a grid separation method employing a multi-terminal back-to-back converter. The converter is designed to be placed at the point of common coupling (PCC) in the original multimachine system and can divide the original grid into multiple micr [...]

1373 5904

Open Access Short Report

The Brazilian Research Scenario in Green Hydrogen: A Brief Contextualization

Received: 18 April 2024;  Published: 11 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404020

Abstract

Hydrogen is crucial in various industrial sectors and can be obtained through different synthesis routes. However, a significant portion of its production still relies on chemical processes involving fossil fuels, resulting in hydrogen and the generation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as the final byproduct. In alignment with the goals of the 2030 Agenda, where countries commit to implementing energy transition, hydrogen obtained through a green route has been increasingly explored by governmental and academic entities [...]

2139 10272

Open Access Original Research

Nanostructure-Based Solid-State Energy Storage through Hydrogen Trapping in Batteries Using Materials Modelling Technique

Received: 15 August 2024;  Published: 07 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404019

Abstract

A comprehensive investigation on hydrogen grabbing by SiO-GeO was carried out, including DFT computations at the CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-311+G (d,p) level of theory. The data shows that if silicon elements are replaced by germanium, the H-grabbing energy will be ameliorated. Electromagnetic and thermodynamic properties of SiO, GeO, and SiO-GeO nanoclusters have been evaluated. The hypothesis of the hydrogen adsorption phenomenon was confirmed by density distributions of PDOS and LOL for hydrated nanoclusters of H-SiO, H-GeO [...]

1402 5608

Open Access Original Research

Security Length Associated with the Risk of Ammonia Tank Leak Using CTOA Criterion and ALOHA Software

Received: 06 August 2024;  Published: 31 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404018

Abstract

Ammonia is a toxic gas and can cause tragic consequences for humans. The damage level depends on concentration and duration of exposure. The security length associated with the risk of a tank leak at the acute exposure level of 30 ppm (AEGL-1) has been computed. Two tools have been combined: the CTOA criterion and the ALOHA software. The CTOA, a measure of fracture resistance against ductile crack propagation, is implemented in Abaqus software to compute the size of a breach in a tank submitted to internal pressure [...]

1273 7252

Open Access Original Research

An Application of Excess Solar and Storage Capacity Optimization for Grid Services

Received: 11 May 2024;  Published: 20 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403017

Abstract

This initiative aims to enhance the efficiency of utility demand response (DR) operations by coordinating and integrating behind-the-meter (BTM) photovoltaic systems (PV) and energy storage (ES) using innovative machine learning software applications embedded in a distributed control architecture. The project is in the process of creating distributed energy resource (DER) learning agents and optimization engine within a hierarchical and layered distributed control architecture (DCA). These components work together [...]

1181 6162

Open Access Research Article

Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System for Generating Energy to Dairy Farm Activities

Received: 28 April 2024;  Published: 26 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403016

Abstract

Minas Gerais is the leading milk-producing state in Brazil, and many dairy activities are supplied with electricity by the cable aerial network of the electrical energy state company. Given that the Brazilian energy matrix relies primarily on hydroelectric power, studies on the potential of other renewable energy sources in the context of dairy farms are innovative. Additionally, frequent disturbances and interruptions have motivated the installation of solar energy systems on dairy farms. However, the scarcity of [...]

1247 6208

Open Access Original Research

Probabilistic Modeling of Cyber-Physical Microgrid Systems to Evaluate the Reliability and Resiliency Implications of Cyber Attacks

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403015

Abstract

The integration of cyber and physical layer of the grid has not only introduced a microscopic spectacle to observe and ensure the efficient flow of electricity but has also exposed the interdependencies of the network. These cyber-physical interdependencies are often exploited in the form of cyber-attacks that can disable a grid introducing substantial financial losses and observable social repercussions. Thus, it is important to address the impending Achilles heel by devising pragmatic approaches to comprehensibly [...]

1936 10040

Open Access Research Article

Physical Characterization of Solar Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Materials for Solar Dryers: Case of Volcanic Stone (Pozzolan) in Chad

Received: 25 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403014

Abstract

Many sensible heat storage materials are regularly used as thermal energy storage (TES) systems to improve the efficiency of solar dryers. The present work focuses on the effects of the volume and particle sizes of a volcanic stone (pozzolan) for the same purpose. Samples soaked in matt black and without soaking were also considered. Heat charge and discharge tests were carried out by exposing the pozzolan contained in a solar collector of the direct solar dryer (DSD) and indirect solar dryer (ISD) to the sun. Char [...]

2026 9178

Open Access Original Research

Elaboration, Structural and Optical Characterization of the New Ternary Chalcogenide SnSb2S5

Received: 29 March 2024;  Published: 17 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403013

Abstract

In this study, tin antimony sulfide (SnSb2S5) thin films with 200 nm, 312 nm, and 431 nm thicknesses were successfully fabricated using thermal evaporation. These films' structural, optical, and photoanode properties were meticulously characterized to assess their suitability for photovoltaic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of an orthorhombic symmetry phase within the Pnma space group, ensuring the crystalline quality of the films. Raman spectroscopy further validated the cryst [...]

1083 6005

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of the Addition of Titanium Dioxide on Silicone Self-Adhesive Tapes

Received: 29 February 2024;  Published: 13 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402012

Abstract

The investigation aimed to delve into the intricate relationship between the presence of titanium dioxide and the resulting alterations in the adhesive's behavior under different conditions. The focus extended beyond mere observation to understand how these additives interact with the adhesive matrix, potentially imparting beneficial attributes. Notably, the study delved into the optimization of thermal stability, the extension of the adhesive's functional lifespan, and the mitigation of shrinkage tendencies. This [...]

1488 8570

Open Access Original Research

Building Blocks for an Energy Transition

Received: 07 December 2023;  Published: 13 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402011

Abstract

The present need for an energy transition in the wake of a global climate catastrophe led to the “EU green deal” which requires a transition of the energy system in all countries. This study aimis survey aims to identify strategies within such an energy transition based on global trend analyses and reports on available technologies for implementation. Based on a literature analysis of over 300 pieces (of feasibility studies and technology implementation reports with a focus on Central Europe) and a statistical anal [...]

1484 11270

Open Access Original Research

Design and Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Hybrid Mini-grid System for an Academic Institution

Received: 26 September 2023;  Published: 03 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402010

Abstract

Inadequate electricity supply is a global challenge that needs solutions. This situation has compelled the purchasing of fossil fuel-generating units for use in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to generate electricity. However, using fossil fuel generating units cause greenhouse gas emissions, bringing about environmental pollution and ultimately resulting in climate change. In particular, educational institutions require adequate and reliable power supply to ensure proper learning and teaching, whic [...]

2129 12432

Open Access Research Article

Local Authority Waste Management Strategies, the Circular Economy and the Generation of Energy from Waste in England

Received: 17 February 2024;  Published: 01 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402009

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the approach to waste management of local authorities in England, to investigate their strategic objectives, and to ascertain to what extent sustainability and circular economy practices are in evidence in this context. A qualitative, inductive research method is used, based on an examination of secondary documentation in three local authorities in England in Birmingham, Bristol and Newcastle upon Tyne. The findings reveal considerable common ground within the three authori [...]

1368 8220

Open Access Original Research

Wind Farm Layout Optimization Subject to Cable Cost, Hub Height, and a Feasible 3D Gaussian Wake Model Implementation

Received: 06 February 2024;  Published: 15 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401008

Abstract

We address the Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) problem and tackle the optimal placement of several turbines within a specific (wind farm) area by incorporating additional aspects of an economically driven target function. With this, we contribute three refinements for WFLO research: First, while many research contributions optimize the turbines' locations subject to maximum energy production or energy efficiency, we instead pursue a strategy of maximizing a profit objective. This enables us to incorporate inne [...]

1590 8720

Open Access Review

A Review of North American Prospects for Power and Hot-Water Generation with Thermal Energy

Received: 20 November 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401007

Abstract

This article outlines an innovative approach to explore thermal energy extraction for power generation or industrial hot water applications. Unlike traditional steady-state models, this approach embraces time-variant scenarios, explicitly incorporating a cyclical fluid circulation strategy to maintain a stable surface fluid temperature or power output. By introducing an increasing and decreasing stepwise rate sequence and an intermittent circulation strategy, the method aims to optimize efficiency in response to va [...]

1198 6411

Open Access Original Research

Nonlinear Optimal Control for a PMLSG-VSC Wave Energy Conversion Unit

Received: 16 September 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401006

Abstract

This article aims to treat the nonlinear control problem for the complex dynamics of a wave energy unit (WEC) that consists of a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator (PMLSG) and a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The article has developed a globally stable nonlinear optimal control method for this wave power generation unit. The new method avoids complicated state-space model transformations and minimizes the energy dispersion by the control loop. A novel nonlinear optimal control method is proposed for the [...]

1430 7732

Open Access Review

Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters: A Review of Developments

Received: 09 December 2023;  Published: 07 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401005

Abstract

The main challenge in designing offshore renewable energy structures is to ensure their structural integrity on a life cycle basis while operating in harsh environments and, in parallel, being financially competitive and environmentally friendly concerning other types of energy systems. The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) converters are among the first energy converters to be developed and deployed into the sea due to their relative simplicity of operation and relatively small number of moving parts. This review pro [...]

6074 57690

Open Access Research Article

Monitoring Energy-Loss-Driven-Cost by Using Earned Value Simulation in Complex Systems

Received: 24 July 2023;  Published: 06 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401004

Abstract

The economic impact of energy loss stemming from end-user electricity consumption is a significant concern, with historical trends revealing escalating costs. Effectively managing both peak and off-peak demands remains a formidable challenge due to the unpredictable nature of consumer behaviors, leading to energy wastage. This study delves into the nexus of demand uncertainty, financial repercussions, and potential strategies to mitigate energy losses in the evolving landscape of electricity consumption.that causes [...]

1347 7141

Open Access Original Research

LFO Damping Enhancement in Multimachine Network Using African Vulture Optimization Algorithm

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 30 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401003

Abstract

The prolonged presence of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) in power system networks (PSN) poses a significant threat to their stability. Hence, engineers and researchers have continuously developed effective strategies to mitigate the issue and enhance the stability of the PSN. This article proposes a new approach using the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) to design robust Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and enhance the LFO damping in multi-machine networks. The damping ratio-based objective function mi [...]

1169 6140

Open Access Original Research

Proposal for the Sustainable Electrification of a Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) Facility in Nigeria

Received: 06 August 2023;  Published: 24 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401002

Abstract

Energy is a prerequisite to running health facilities and is, therefore, key to the success of the service. Karshi primary healthcare centre (PHC) facility is confronted with an unreliable power supply that leads to a high cost of generating power from diesel to operate its equipment. This facility needs a sustainable and reliable electricity supply and therefore a change in their energy system to enable it improve its quality of healthcare delivery services. A solar energy-based electricity generation system that [...]

1710 10645

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