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Open Access Original Research

An Application of Excess Solar and Storage Capacity Optimization for Grid Services

Received: 11 May 2024;  Published: 20 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403017

Abstract

This initiative aims to enhance the efficiency of utility demand response (DR) operations by coordinating and integrating behind-the-meter (BTM) photovoltaic systems (PV) and energy storage (ES) using innovative machine learning software applications embedded in a distributed control architecture. The project is in the process of creating distributed energy resource (DER) learning agents and optimization engine within a hierarchical and layered distributed control architecture (DCA). These components work together [...]

774 4824

Open Access Research Article

Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System for Generating Energy to Dairy Farm Activities

Received: 28 April 2024;  Published: 26 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403016

Abstract

Minas Gerais is the leading milk-producing state in Brazil, and many dairy activities are supplied with electricity by the cable aerial network of the electrical energy state company. Given that the Brazilian energy matrix relies primarily on hydroelectric power, studies on the potential of other renewable energy sources in the context of dairy farms are innovative. Additionally, frequent disturbances and interruptions have motivated the installation of solar energy systems on dairy farms. However, the scarcity of [...]

816 4964

Open Access Original Research

Probabilistic Modeling of Cyber-Physical Microgrid Systems to Evaluate the Reliability and Resiliency Implications of Cyber Attacks

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403015

Abstract

The integration of cyber and physical layer of the grid has not only introduced a microscopic spectacle to observe and ensure the efficient flow of electricity but has also exposed the interdependencies of the network. These cyber-physical interdependencies are often exploited in the form of cyber-attacks that can disable a grid introducing substantial financial losses and observable social repercussions. Thus, it is important to address the impending Achilles heel by devising pragmatic approaches to comprehensibly [...]

1164 7422

Open Access Research Article

Physical Characterization of Solar Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Materials for Solar Dryers: Case of Volcanic Stone (Pozzolan) in Chad

Received: 25 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403014

Abstract

Many sensible heat storage materials are regularly used as thermal energy storage (TES) systems to improve the efficiency of solar dryers. The present work focuses on the effects of the volume and particle sizes of a volcanic stone (pozzolan) for the same purpose. Samples soaked in matt black and without soaking were also considered. Heat charge and discharge tests were carried out by exposing the pozzolan contained in a solar collector of the direct solar dryer (DSD) and indirect solar dryer (ISD) to the sun. Char [...]

1427 7515

Open Access Original Research

Elaboration, Structural and Optical Characterization of the New Ternary Chalcogenide SnSb2S5

Received: 29 March 2024;  Published: 17 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403013

Abstract

In this study, tin antimony sulfide (SnSb2S5) thin films with 200 nm, 312 nm, and 431 nm thicknesses were successfully fabricated using thermal evaporation. These films' structural, optical, and photoanode properties were meticulously characterized to assess their suitability for photovoltaic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of an orthorhombic symmetry phase within the Pnma space group, ensuring the crystalline quality of the films. Raman spectroscopy further validated the cryst [...]

707 4819

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of the Addition of Titanium Dioxide on Silicone Self-Adhesive Tapes

Received: 29 February 2024;  Published: 13 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402012

Abstract

The investigation aimed to delve into the intricate relationship between the presence of titanium dioxide and the resulting alterations in the adhesive's behavior under different conditions. The focus extended beyond mere observation to understand how these additives interact with the adhesive matrix, potentially imparting beneficial attributes. Notably, the study delved into the optimization of thermal stability, the extension of the adhesive's functional lifespan, and the mitigation of shrinkage tendencies. This [...]

983 7004

Open Access Original Research

Building Blocks for an Energy Transition

Received: 07 December 2023;  Published: 13 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402011

Abstract

The present need for an energy transition in the wake of a global climate catastrophe led to the “EU green deal” which requires a transition of the energy system in all countries. This study aimis survey aims to identify strategies within such an energy transition based on global trend analyses and reports on available technologies for implementation. Based on a literature analysis of over 300 pieces (of feasibility studies and technology implementation reports with a focus on Central Europe) and a statistical anal [...]

1010 8361

Open Access Original Research

Design and Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Hybrid Mini-grid System for an Academic Institution

Received: 26 September 2023;  Published: 03 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402010

Abstract

Inadequate electricity supply is a global challenge that needs solutions. This situation has compelled the purchasing of fossil fuel-generating units for use in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to generate electricity. However, using fossil fuel generating units cause greenhouse gas emissions, bringing about environmental pollution and ultimately resulting in climate change. In particular, educational institutions require adequate and reliable power supply to ensure proper learning and teaching, whic [...]

1380 9354

Open Access Research Article

Local Authority Waste Management Strategies, the Circular Economy and the Generation of Energy from Waste in England

Received: 17 February 2024;  Published: 01 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2402009

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the approach to waste management of local authorities in England, to investigate their strategic objectives, and to ascertain to what extent sustainability and circular economy practices are in evidence in this context. A qualitative, inductive research method is used, based on an examination of secondary documentation in three local authorities in England in Birmingham, Bristol and Newcastle upon Tyne. The findings reveal considerable common ground within the three authori [...]

946 6753

Open Access Original Research

Wind Farm Layout Optimization Subject to Cable Cost, Hub Height, and a Feasible 3D Gaussian Wake Model Implementation

Received: 06 February 2024;  Published: 15 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401008

Abstract

We address the Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) problem and tackle the optimal placement of several turbines within a specific (wind farm) area by incorporating additional aspects of an economically driven target function. With this, we contribute three refinements for WFLO research: First, while many research contributions optimize the turbines' locations subject to maximum energy production or energy efficiency, we instead pursue a strategy of maximizing a profit objective. This enables us to incorporate inne [...]

913 6407

Open Access Review

A Review of North American Prospects for Power and Hot-Water Generation with Thermal Energy

Received: 20 November 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401007

Abstract

This article outlines an innovative approach to explore thermal energy extraction for power generation or industrial hot water applications. Unlike traditional steady-state models, this approach embraces time-variant scenarios, explicitly incorporating a cyclical fluid circulation strategy to maintain a stable surface fluid temperature or power output. By introducing an increasing and decreasing stepwise rate sequence and an intermittent circulation strategy, the method aims to optimize efficiency in response to va [...]

812 5172

Open Access Original Research

Nonlinear Optimal Control for a PMLSG-VSC Wave Energy Conversion Unit

Received: 16 September 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401006

Abstract

This article aims to treat the nonlinear control problem for the complex dynamics of a wave energy unit (WEC) that consists of a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator (PMLSG) and a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The article has developed a globally stable nonlinear optimal control method for this wave power generation unit. The new method avoids complicated state-space model transformations and minimizes the energy dispersion by the control loop. A novel nonlinear optimal control method is proposed for the [...]

785 5701

Open Access Review

Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters: A Review of Developments

Received: 09 December 2023;  Published: 07 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401005

Abstract

The main challenge in designing offshore renewable energy structures is to ensure their structural integrity on a life cycle basis while operating in harsh environments and, in parallel, being financially competitive and environmentally friendly concerning other types of energy systems. The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) converters are among the first energy converters to be developed and deployed into the sea due to their relative simplicity of operation and relatively small number of moving parts. This review pro [...]

3729 43273

Open Access Research Article

Monitoring Energy-Loss-Driven-Cost by Using Earned Value Simulation in Complex Systems

Received: 24 July 2023;  Published: 06 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401004

Abstract

The economic impact of energy loss stemming from end-user electricity consumption is a significant concern, with historical trends revealing escalating costs. Effectively managing both peak and off-peak demands remains a formidable challenge due to the unpredictable nature of consumer behaviors, leading to energy wastage. This study delves into the nexus of demand uncertainty, financial repercussions, and potential strategies to mitigate energy losses in the evolving landscape of electricity consumption.that causes [...]

908 5920

Open Access Original Research

LFO Damping Enhancement in Multimachine Network Using African Vulture Optimization Algorithm

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 30 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401003

Abstract

The prolonged presence of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) in power system networks (PSN) poses a significant threat to their stability. Hence, engineers and researchers have continuously developed effective strategies to mitigate the issue and enhance the stability of the PSN. This article proposes a new approach using the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) to design robust Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and enhance the LFO damping in multi-machine networks. The damping ratio-based objective function mi [...]

810 5101

Open Access Original Research

Proposal for the Sustainable Electrification of a Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) Facility in Nigeria

Received: 06 August 2023;  Published: 24 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401002

Abstract

Energy is a prerequisite to running health facilities and is, therefore, key to the success of the service. Karshi primary healthcare centre (PHC) facility is confronted with an unreliable power supply that leads to a high cost of generating power from diesel to operate its equipment. This facility needs a sustainable and reliable electricity supply and therefore a change in their energy system to enable it improve its quality of healthcare delivery services. A solar energy-based electricity generation system that [...]

1038 8690

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2023

Received: 04 January 2024;  Published: 05 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2401001

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2023. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can [...]

772 4331

Open Access Original Research

Stability Analysis of Autonomous Microgrid Operated at Constant-Frequency with the Consideration of Reactive Power Balance

Received: 01 September 2023;  Published: 29 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304039

Abstract

Large-scale autonomous microgrids have potential application values as they can increase renewable energy penetration level without compromising the stability of the existing large power systems. Before their widespread implementation, critical issues like stability analysis etc need to be solved. This paper analyses the stability in an autonomous microgrid operated at constant frequency with the consideration of reactive power balance. Difference equations of reactive power for the grid-forming generator are const [...]

979 5787

Open Access Original Research

Array Formation Testing with Multiple Azimuthal and Axial Pressure Transducers

Received: 12 April 2023;  Published: 27 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304038

Abstract

An early formation tester operating a “sink probe” that extracts fluids from the borehole, also measures pressures at its location; pressures are additionally collected at two passive sensors, one situated 180 deg away and the second about meter axially. These positions are not conducive to accurate permeability predictions, since pressure transient signals used for inverse analysis attenuate very rapidly. Closer probe spacings offer formation evaluation advantages at low mobilities because Darcy pressure dissipati [...]

1004 6222

Open Access Research Article

Saving is Losing: Pumping Cost vs. GHG Emissions in Water Distribution Systems

Received: 26 May 2023;  Published: 21 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304037

Abstract

Global climate change has necessitated the reduction of GHG emissions. Water distribution system (WDS) pumping adds to these emissions and, therefore, should be reduced. Under electricity hourly cost tariffs, utilities are incentivized to pump during the nighttime hours. This can have a deleterious effect, however, on GHG emissions. To quantify this effect, a modeling study of twelve real WDSs was performed with an electricity tariff. The systems all had the typical tank-level-based pump controls but also time-base [...]

1137 6791

Open Access Concept Paper

Net Zero Corridors: A Case Study Approach from Perth, Australia to Decarbonize Urban Power and Transport

Received: 27 February 2023;  Published: 17 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304036

Abstract

The transition to net zero cities is a pivotal challenge in the face of climate change. This research introduces a novel methodology termed "Net Zero Corridors," which emphasizes a bottom-up approach to decarbonize urban power and transport systems. By focusing on urban corridors, this method integrates distributed power systems with urban transport, offering a localized solution to the broader challenge of urban decarbonization. Drawing from urban fabric theory and urban metabolism data, the study provides insight [...]

1357 8817

Open Access Original Research

Efficient Industrial Wastewater and Leachate Evaporation Utilizing Heat Localization in Porous Media

Received: 31 August 2023;  Published: 16 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304035

Abstract

In this paper, an efficient industrial wastewater and leachate evaporation method is proposed and tested experimentally. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the addition of a carbon foam (CF) porous layer can lead to energy savings by evaporating more water mass per unit of energy input. The standard boiling evaporator layout was redesigned by placing the heating element in the upper region of the tank and CF underneath the heat source. The CF purposed to localize the energy in an area by the water' [...]

1131 7373

Open Access Original Research

An Adsorption-Desorption Heat Engine for Power Generation from Waste Heat

Received: 17 October 2023;  Published: 14 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304034

Abstract

According to the United States Department of Energy, waste heat recovery would allow up to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Most of the waste energy is discharged as a low-grade heat at temperatures less than 250°C. Therefore, the development of new technologies and the enhancement of existing ones to convert low-grade heat into electrical or mechanical energy are of great importance. The working principle of adsorption-desorption heat pumps with cyclic switching between adsorption and desorp [...]

1264 8632

Open Access Original Research

Technical Analysis of Sawdust-to-Power: A Paradigm Shift in Waste Management in a Typical Developing Economy

Received: 01 August 2023;  Published: 08 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304033

Abstract

The proper management of sawdust is critical to socioeconomic development. In this research, waste-to-energy has been proposed to utilize sawdust in selected timber markets in Port Harcourt, namely, Illoabuchi Timber Market, Marine Base Timber Market, and Mile 3 Timber Market. A quantitative approach has been taken to estimate the sawdust generation, energy potential, power generation capacities, and pollutant reduction of indiscriminate combustion of sawdust. The findings suggest that, annually, 171 ktons, 42 kton [...]

1204 10785

Open Access Research Article

Na+ Mobility in PEO-Based Composite Solid-State Electrolytes by NMR

Received: 04 August 2023;  Published: 02 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304032

Abstract

Charge transfer and mobility are essential for electrochemical processes in batteries, which need to be understood in detail for optimization, especially in the case of all-solid-state batteries. Wide line NMR is well-known in solid-state NMR and allows the quantification of ion mobility in ordered crystalline and amorphous structures. Temperature-dependent 23Na-NMR is sensitive to ion mobility via longitudinal relaxation, but also via line analysis and transverse relaxation. As 23Na is a spin 3/2 nucleus, 23Na-NMR [...]

1741 8852

Open Access Review

Enhancement Techniques for the Reduction of Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings: A Review

Received: 12 June 2023;  Published: 19 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2304031

Abstract

The building sector is rated as a big consumer of electric energy and emissions, responsible for about 40% of final electric energy consumption. As a result, the Paris Agreement 2015 set a goal for buildings and the construction sector to reach a nearly zero-carbon stage by 2050. This urged most countries to create regulations for the construction sector and invest in energy efficiency programs. The present paper aims to present an updated review of building energy-saving solutions and techniques to contribute to c [...]

2118 17490

Open Access Original Research

Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization Algorithm for Economic Dispatch with Renewable Resources Integration

Received: 18 June 2023;  Published: 28 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303030

Abstract

In an electric power system operation, the main goal of economic dispatch (ED) is to schedule the power outputs of committed generating units efficiently. This involves consideration of relevant system equality and inequality constraints to meet the required power demand at the lowest possible operational cost. This is a challenging optimization problem for power system operators that can be dealt with efficient meta-heuristic algorithms. This article uses a recent meta-heuristic approach named the generalized norm [...]

1097 8258

Open Access Original Research

A Comparative Study of R134a and Propane (R290) as Refrigerants in Heat Pump Water Heaters

Received: 26 March 2023;  Published: 18 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303029

Abstract

In the context of decarbonization efforts, heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) offer an attractive solution over conventional electric resistance type hot water systems due to their 2-3 times higher efficiency. However, the high manufacturing costs and taxes associated with using hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant make HPWHs expensive. As a means to tackle this issue, this paper explores the use of propane (R290) as a refrigerant in HPWHs. The study involves an experimental comparison of R290 and R134a, with refrigera [...]

1854 41001

Open Access Original Research

Overall Reaction Rate Study of Thermal Methane Cracking in Non-Isothermal Conditions

Received: 10 April 2023;  Published: 13 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303028

Abstract

The thermal cracking of methane (TMC) is a significant reaction occurring above 850°C, which proceeds in two stages: non-isothermally and isothermally. However, most existing studies have focused on obtaining reaction rates under isothermal conditions [1], limiting their applicability to practical industrial reactor conditions. This novel research aims to determine the overall thermal decomposition rate of methane to hydrogen and carbon in adiabatic conditions, covering the range of unstable industrial reactor temp [...]

1228 6791

Open Access Original Research

Exploring the Potential of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage in Building Envelopes

Received: 16 June 2023;  Published: 08 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303027

Abstract

Buildings, with their significant energy consumption, pose a pressing concern for the future. Inadequate heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems further exacerbate thermal management difficulties and energy requirements. To address these challenges, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer valuable potential for sustainable energy reduction within the building sector, leveraging passive cooling and heating techniques. Numerical study has been conducted to explore the impact of embedding PCM within the [...]

1013 9164

Open Access Original Research

Volt-Var Control for Utility-Scale Solar PV Plants to Downsize SVCs and Curtailment Effects

Received: 09 March 2023;  Published: 03 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303026

Abstract

One way to increase solar photovoltaic penetration in the grid is the management of voltage fluctuations. This is because a photovoltaic plant cannot be interconnected to the grid if it causes voltage violations. Voltage violation is where voltage exceeds the acceptable range. Often, grid operators request photovoltaic plant owners to regulate voltage sufficiently with expensive and space-consuming static Var compensators. Unfortunately, this sometimes makes the project less feasible. This paper argues that there a [...]

761 8603

Open Access Original Research

Study and Characterization of a Spherical Solar Collector. Part II: Comparative Analysis with Flat-Plate Devices

Received: 18 May 2023;  Published: 27 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303025

Abstract

The paper analyses the performance of a spherical solar collector compared to the efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector, which is the type of solar collector that does not use a tracking system in collecting solar radiation for energy conversion. Spherical solar collector benefits from a constant value of the angle of incidence, which optimizes the solar radiation that strikes the absorber of the solar device and maximizes the energy collection. Besides, the spherical geometry has a larger area for equal dimen [...]

768 6250

Open Access Review

Improving the Performance of Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Received: 29 May 2023;  Published: 18 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303024

Abstract

In recent times, renewable energy resources have been greatly researched because of the increasing concern to minimize global warming and meet energy demands. Energy storage systems have become useful tools for sustainability and meeting energy needs. Solar energy has proven in recent times to be the primary and most prevalent option due to its environmental friendliness, availability, and minimal pollution. Effective utilization of available energy resources has led to developing new alternative energy devices lik [...]

1319 12070

Open Access Research Article

Permeability, Compressibility and Pressure Prediction in Supercharged Wireline and FTWD Environments

Received: 12 April 2023;  Published: 10 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303023

Abstract

In conventional wireline and LWD/MWD formation testing, downhole predictions for rock and fluid properties are based on simplified Darcy flow models, but only for mathematical expediency. These require initially constant pressures that are uniform throughout the reservoir. This limitation precludes common applications in overbalanced drilling, so that supercharge or near-well invasion effects - associated with rapidly decreasing pressures at the sandface where pressures are measured - are completely ignored. Such 1 [...]

1013 6659

Open Access Research Article

Study and Characterization of a Spherical Solar Collector. I. Efficiency and Thermal Losses Coefficient

Received: 21 April 2023;  Published: 04 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303022

Abstract

This paper studies and characterizes a solar collector with spherical geometry to produce hot water for sanitary and domestic applications and other facilities. The new geometry enlarges the solar collector surface and allows full sun tracking during the day without needing a solar tracking system. Although this geometry has been in use for some time, its market penetration is low due to the lack of perfect knowledge of solar collector behavior and the benefits compared with conventional solar collectors. The studi [...]

853 6684

Open Access Retraction

Retraction: Simani S, Farsoni S, Castaldi P. Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data. Journal of Energy and Power Technology 2023; 5(1): 011

Received: 25 June 2023;  Published: 28 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302021

682 4764

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine

Received: 07 February 2023;  Published: 20 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302020

Abstract

With their higher sustainability index, biofuels, environmentally-friendly and renewable nature is a viable alternative energy source in the transportation sector. This study presents the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel on performance, combustion, and emission from a compression ignition engine. The biodiesel was blended with diesel in varying proportions of 5% biodiesel and 95% diesel (designated as B5), 10% biodiesel in diesel (B10), 15% biodiesel in diesel (B15), 20% biodiesel in diesel (B20), 50% bi [...]

1056 11645

Open Access Review

A Review of Practical Applications of Fluid Flow and Associated Heat Transfer Modeling in Wellbores

Received: 28 March 2023;  Published: 12 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302019

Abstract

Investigations on two-phase gas/liquid flow in pipes have been under study for nearly six decades. These studies have significantly assisted in managing fluid flow in the wellbore and surface networks, leading to the separation of phases and transmission of oil and gas into the market. This study summarizes some of the main lessons learned in flow through wellbores. Besides understanding some of the fundamental principles, we focused on the practical items of interest: Conventional production scenarios for oil and [...]

1236 10053

Open Access Original Research

Nonlinear Optimal Control for Six-Phase Induction Generator-Based Renewable Energy Systems

Received: 07 December 2022;  Published: 11 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302018

Abstract

The article aims at optimizing six-phase induction generator-based renewable energy systems (6-phase IGs or dual star induction generators) through a novel nonlinear optimal control method. Six-phase induction generators appear to be advantageous compared to three-phase synchronous or asynchronous power generators, in terms of fault tolerance and improved power generation rates. The dynamic model of the six-phase induction generator is first written in a nonlinear and multivariable state-space form. It is proven th [...]

1010 7542

Open Access Original Research

Fixed-Switching Frequency Finite-State Model Predictive Thrust and Primary Flux Linkage Control for LIM

Received: 14 February 2023;  Published: 09 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302017

Abstract

The special design of linear induction machines (LIMs) leads to adverse effects caused by the longitudinal and end effects. These effects make the thrust control of the LIMs most attractive because its value decreases sharply with the speed increase. Thus, finite-state model predictive control (FS-MPC) is developed to increase the performance of the LIMs. However, the variable switching frequency is the main drawback of this control. Consequently, the main objectives of this paper are to propose FS-MPC with a const [...]

949 7009

Open Access Original Research

Non-Isothermal Compressible Flow Model for Analyzing the Effect of High CO2 Inlet Flow Rate on Particle Size in a Supercritical Antisolvent Process

Received: 17 December 2022;  Published: 18 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302016

Abstract

In this work with CFD simulations, the evaluation of the supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process for producing nanoparticles from an expanded solution of ethanol/solute in carbon dioxide is reported. The influence of the solution and antisolvent flow rates on mean particle size, the flow dynamic, and the supercritical mixture's jet velocity must be well established in the literature and analyzed. The high flow rate of the anti-solvent resulted in increased mean particle sizes for all studied cases. At the lowe [...]

1032 8502

Open Access Original Research

Thermodynamic and Structural Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle Plant for Clean Energy Access Using Artificial Bee Colony and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Algorithms

Received: 29 December 2022;  Published: 13 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302015

Abstract

The quest to decarbonize the energy space to avert the negative climate change consequences calls for using low/zero-carbon energy conversion technologies in the energy generation space. The Organic Rankine Cycle is a low/zero-carbon energy conversion technology for recovering waste heat from low to medium-temperature heat sources and for biomass conversion. Therefore, this paper presents the thermodynamic optimization, with an artificial bee colony algorithm, of different ORC configurations, including simple organ [...]

1220 7223

Open Access Review

The Eastern Australian Floods of February 2022 and Its Relationship with Climate Change

Received: 19 October 2022;  Published: 07 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302014

Abstract

During February 2022 major riverine flooding occurred in an area which has the fastest population growth in Australia. This extended from the Mary River in Southeast Queensland (SEQ) to the Clarence River in Northeast NSW (NENSW). Two centres within this area were devastated by floods unprecedented in living memory. One was the Brisbane Metropolitan area where all-time record daily rainfall in the suburbs flooded creeks. This creek flooding was much worse than that caused by the Brisbane River itself where Wivenhoe [...]

2929 22377

Open Access Research Article

Techno-Economic Analysis of Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy Critical Infrastructure Development in Southwestern Nigeria

Received: 08 September 2022;  Published: 03 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2302013

Abstract

This study examined the techno-economic specifications for a Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy critical infrastructure project in Southwestern Nigeria. Technological and project economic data for the W2E project were obtained from strategic sources and energy project foresight/analysis framework used. The results showed residential upgraded biogas-for-cooking demand of approximately 10,243 m3/month, and municipal solid waste (MSW) input of approximately 80 tonnes/month. The planned biogas plant had estimated costs o [...]

1510 11674

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Biogas Digestates on the Composition of Soil Organic Matter

Received: 23 November 2022;  Published: 22 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301012

Abstract

The increasing number of biogas plants with various digested organic materials and output of digestates calls for more detailed investigations of their suitability as soil amendments. In a trial in Northern Germany two replicate plots each were treated with fresh or prolonged fermented digestate to investigate the influence of digestates on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM). The relative proportions of relevant SOM compound classes were determined by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) [...]

1124 7354

Open Access Research Article

Transfer Learning for Fault Detection with Application to Wind Turbine SCADA Data

Received: 02 February 2023;  Published: 21 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301011

Abstract

In agreement with the Editor-in-Chief, the editorial office, and the authors, this article has been removed and marked as retracted because its content and data contained plagiarism from an unpublished study. Please refer to the Removal Statement.

843 5879

Open Access Research Article

The Liquid-Mediated Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Li-Zr-F Composite for Ion-Conduction

Received: 04 December 2022;  Published: 20 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301010

Abstract

Crystalline lithium fluoride (LiF) has been intensively pursued as potential alternative solid electrolytes (SEs) owing to its excellent chemical and electrochemical oxidation stability, and good deformability. However, due to its low ion conductivity, LiF is still challenging for practical SE applications. Herein, Li-Zr-F composite-based SE by liquid-mediated synthesis is proposed to be studied. methanol (CH3OH) was mainly evaluated as a liquid-mediated precursor for synthesizing Li-Zr-F composites under the stoic [...]

1696 9610

Open Access Original Research

Modeling of Autonomous Microgrid Operated at Medium-Voltage Level and at Constant Frequency and Study of Its Voltage Profile

Received: 06 December 2022;  Published: 17 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301009

Abstract

To increase power level in an autonomous microgrid, higher voltage is necessary. In this paper, detailed Matlab/Simulink modeling of a microgrid operated at medium-voltage level and at constant frequency has been conducted. Modified boost converter and medium-frequency transformer isolated DC/DC converter are adopted for both solar energy and wind energy harnessing in order for them to be connected with the microgrid. This paper further adopted a differential evolution (DE)-based method to carry out load flow analy [...]

952 6428

Open Access Research Article

Prediction of Wind Loadings on Offshore Wind Turbines Using CFD

Received: 03 December 2022;  Published: 09 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301008

Abstract

Analysing the structural response of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) requires a robust method to estimate environmental loadings associated with extreme weather conditions. This study aimed to accurately predict wind loadings on a non-rotating OWT using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Ansys Fluent package. The inlet velocity boundary condition was defined as a uniform inlet wind speed and then as a Normal Wind Profile (NWP). Three large wind speeds of 25 m/s, 40 m/s and 50 m/s were tested with the aid of t [...]

1395 11350

Open Access Research Article

An 800V End to End SiC Powertrain to Accommodate Extremely Fast Charging

Received: 15 November 2022;  Published: 08 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301007

Abstract

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles has presented the challenges of short range and prolonged charging time. Going forward, extremely fast charging is the only solution to these problems. However, the typical Silicon power electronics supported 400 V electric vehicle powertrain cannot live up to this challenge. Limitations include the huge cable size, heating of equipment due to high current and user safety, to name a few. In this paper, we have analyzed an 800 V EV powertrain using power electronics based on [...]

2500 17524

Open Access Original Research

A Combined Power and Ejector Refrigeration Cycle System for Thermal Energy Recovery from the Waste Heat of Internal Combustion Engine

Received: 31 December 2022;  Published: 06 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301006

Abstract

In this paper, due to the importance of energy recovery from internal combustion engines and the increasing human growing need for power and refrigeration, a two-cycle power and refrigeration system consisting of an organic Rankine cycle and an ejector refrigeration cycle is investigated analytically. The proposed system with the ability to use the ejector as an effective and economical system, can produce simultaneous power and refrigeration by drawing thermal energy from the exhaust gas and engine coolant in the [...]

1285 8751

Open Access Original Research

Co-development of Low-speed Electric Community Buses for Local Area Revitalization

Received: 10 October 2022;  Published: 02 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301005

Abstract

This paper describes the development of low-speed electric community buses (LSECBs) designed by the author's group and their spread situation in Japan. LSECBs are electric vehicles that can travel on public roads at speeds of less than 5.56 m/s (20 km/h). The university, local government, local businesses, and residents with a co-design approach developed the LSECBs. They have various advantages such as safety due to low speed and low energy consumption. In particular, the LSECBs have features not found in ordinary [...]

976 7549

Open Access Review

Green Energy Sources Reduce Carbon Footprint of Oil & Gas Industry Processes: A Review

Received: 25 September 2022;  Published: 28 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301004

Abstract

In recent years, the oil and gas sector has been moving towards green production methods to achieve net-zero emission goals. Governments and corporations have started large-scale initiatives to deploy advanced technologies to reduce carbon footprints and prevent global warming. Herein, we have explored the emerging techniques and methods used in reducing the effects of gas emissions in the oil and gas industry. The transition process from hydrocarbons to renewable energy resources, including solar thermal applicati [...]

1948 13965

Open Access Research Article

Significance of Insulation and Heat Pumps in Decarbonising the UK

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 09 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301003

Abstract

This paper examines the economic case for the UK to proceed urgently with the installation of thermal insulation and heat pumps in most UK buildings, in the context of the legal requirement to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. A recent study by the same authors assumed that such insulation and heat pumps would be in place, and showed how the whole of the UK’s energy demand could be met by low carbon electricity generation and appropriate storage. This paper extends the modelling to consider the risk that i [...]

1325 9667

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2022

Received: 05 January 2023;  Published: 05 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301002

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certifi [...]

736 4892

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of Rotor Radius Ratio on The Performance of Hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Savonius-Darrieus NREL S809

Received: 05 October 2022;  Published: 02 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301001

Abstract

This research aims to know the effect of the Rotor Radius Ratio on the performance of the hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Savonius-Darrieus NREL S809 model using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Two-bladed Savonius is used as an internal rotor, and three-bladed Darrieus NREL S809 as an external rotor. Turbine model performance is analyzed through the value of the Moment Coefficient and Power Coefficient. The result shows that the increase in the Rotor Radius Ratio value causes an increase in the initial M [...]

1436 12710

Open Access Original Research

Traffic NOx Pollution Prediction and Health Cost Estimation Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Toronto, Canada

Received: 11 March 2022;  Published: 25 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204043

Abstract

Road traffic is a significant source of air pollution that has a harmful impact on human health. To reduce the health and environmental impacts of fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector, many countries have implemented policies to promote the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). A vital factor to consider when designing policies to support EV use is the monetized health impacts of fossil fuel consumption. This research aims to investigate the health benefit of replacing internal combustion engine ve [...]

1096 8481

Open Access Research Article

Evaluation of Oxidative Stability and Kinetic Parameters of the Cottonseed and Soybean Biodiesels by Rancimat and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Techniques

Received: 26 September 2022;  Published: 22 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204042

Abstract

In this study, the oxidative stability of the cottonseed oil biodiesel (CB) and soybean oil biodiesel (SB) was investigated by two methodologies, Rancimat and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), using samples fresh and aged (mid-term storage condition (100 days)). The biodiesel samples were synthesized by transesterification and characterized by specific mass, kinematic viscosity, acidity value, ester content, viscosity index, and peroxide value. The activation energy (Ea), Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (Z) [...]

1185 7898

Open Access Research Article

Net Zero UK – Generation and Energy Storage Requirements for the UK to Become Carbon Neutral

Received: 25 September 2022;  Published: 13 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204041

Abstract

This paper sets out a quantified scenario for the UK to reach net zero carbon emissions. Wind and solar are the main energy sources and their intermittency is accommodated through hydrogen electrolysis, biogas from anaerobic digesters, and their combination into biomethane. Hydrogen and biomethane stocks are tracked. A daily energy balance model is presented, using the most recent recorded weather data-2017 to 2021. Long periods of low wind in 2021 indicated the necessary energy storage capacities, which were adjus [...]

1518 9459

Open Access Research Article

Enhancing the Wettability of Polyetheretherketone (Peek) Membrane with Ozone for Improving Fuel Cell Performance

Received: 21 August 2022;  Published: 06 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204040

Abstract

Ozone was reacted with the aromatic membrane polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to form oxidized functional groups on the surface to enhance the attraction and transport of protons in fuel cells. Ozonation of unsaturated C-C sp2 bonds in PEEK formed a primary ozonide which dissociated to primarily produce O=C-O/O=C-OH moieties, and the root mean squared roughness factor (Rq) decreased from 7.4 nm, for the untreated sample, down to 3.1 nm. The oxidation of the surface and decrease in surface roughness made the surface incr [...]

934 6840

Open Access Research Article

The Design, Development and Assessment of a Novel De-centralised IoT-Based Remote Monitoring of a Small-Scale Anaerobic Digester Network

Received: 21 September 2022;  Published: 28 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204039

Abstract

The implementation of community-level de-centralised anaerobic digestion (AD) systems offers a sustainable solution for organic waste management and energy provision, but there is currently a need for low-cost methods of system control and management at this scale. The problem becomes accentuated with increasing deployment, as greater complexities are created by the need to both monitor and control a wider network of smaller, community-scale plants. This paper describes research to design, deploy and test such a sy [...]

1390 12470

Open Access Short Report

Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells by the Smart Stacking Process

Received: 21 September 2022;  Published: 25 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204038

Abstract

The most commonly used process for fabricating perovskite solar cells is based on wet chemistry, which greatly limits the choice of materials suitable for optimizing the performance of the device. We developed a new approach for the fabrication of perovskite-based solar cells. In the smart stacking process, the perovskite solar cell was assembled by stacking two pieces of perovskite films prepared separately. A working perovskite solar cell was developed with PCE = 0.78% and the perovskite layer was analyzed with X [...]

1189 7594

Open Access Original Research

The Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) on Local Tourism and Recreation -- Evolving Lessons from Practice

Received: 06 July 2022;  Published: 16 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204037

Abstract

The article examines the nature of impacts of the rapidly growing Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) industry on tourism and recreation in coastal communities, especially in the UK. The multi-methods research approach includes reviews of literature, content of OWF Environmental Statements (ESs) for predicted impacts, recent practice for actual impacts, and the use of mitigation and enhancement measures. Findings from literature indicate that the overall impact on tourism appears relatively benign, and sometimes positive. The [...]

1512 15646

Open Access Original Research

A Data-Based Reliability Analysis of ESP Failures in Oil Production Wells

Received: 27 September 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204036

Abstract

Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are one of the most widely used artificial lift methods in the petroleum industry. However, ESP failures are unanticipated and common occurrences with significant financial impacts for the operators. Analysis of the ESP performance and failures are essential in its design and optimization. This paper presents a statistical approach for diagnosing and evaluating the root causes of ESP failures. The analysis is based on the field data gathered from the surface and downhole ESP moni [...]

5418 38071

Open Access Original Research

Comparing Environmental Impacts Arising from the Use of Electric Two-Wheeler vis-a-vis Gasoline Two-Wheeler in India

Received: 26 July 2022;  Published: 09 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204035

Abstract

Electric vehicles are becoming popular among consumers while BS-VI norms have been introduced and mandated for conventional vehicles in India. In the present study, the environmental impacts from the use phase of electric two-wheeler (EV) and gasoline two-wheeler (GV) have been evaluated and compared using the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. The functional unit adopted was 1000 km driven by one vehicle under Indian road and traffic conditions. CML 2001 and ReCiPe 2016 methods were used for the assessment u [...]

1589 10661

Open Access Short Report

A Dual-PRF Scan Mode and Adaptive Doppler-Velocity Dealiasing to Increase Radar Clear-Air Velocity Data Coverage and Usability

Received: 05 August 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204034

Abstract

By using long pulses with extended dwelling time, lowered pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and reduced Nyquist velocity, the radar measurement capability can be enhanced to increase clear-air Doppler velocity data coverage (which is beneficial for radar wind analysis and data assimilation and motivated our previous study). This potential capability is further explored (beyond our previous study) by not only modifying the existing operational clear-air scan mode with a lowered PRF and reduced the Nyquist velocity (t [...]

957 7406

Open Access Original Research

TEA of a Unique Two-Pathways Process for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

Received: 01 August 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204033

Abstract

A unique two-Pathways process using aqueous sodium glycinate for CO2 capture from a split flue gas stream emitted from 600 MWe post-combustion coal power plant was developed in Aspen Plus v.10. The split gas flow rate used was 44.75 ton/h and contained 0.0023 mol% SO2 and 13.33 mol% CO2. The process includes a washing unit, a CO2 absorption unit, a reverse osmosis unit, and a solvent regeneration unit or an ultrafiltration unit. The washing unit uses deionized water to completely remove SO2 and the CO2 absorption u [...]

1295 8395

Open Access Research Article

The Physical Potential for Dutch Offshore Wind Energy

Received: 04 August 2022;  Published: 10 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204032

Abstract

In the Netherlands, an important way to contribute toward achieving climate goals is the large-scale deployment of wind turbines in the North Sea. The North Sea is a unique location for offshore wind power thanks to its strong winds, shallow waters, and proximity to large energy users. Wind turbines generate electricity by extracting kinetic energy from the atmosphere. This kinetic energy is replenished at a finite rate through the mixing of atmospheric layers. The replenishment rate sets a physical limit to the am [...]

1594 20590

Open Access Original Research

A Robust Second-Order Conic Programming Model with Effective Budget of Uncertainty in the Optimal Power Flow Problem

Received: 29 December 2021;  Published: 09 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2204031

Abstract

Integrating large-scale wind energy in modern power systems necessitates high-efficiency mathematical models to address classical assumptions in power systems. In particular, two main assumptions for wind energy integration in power systems have not been adequately studied. First, nonlinear AC power flow equations have been linearized in most of the literature. Such simplifications can lead to inaccurate power flow calculations and result in technical issues. Second, wind power uncertainties are inevitable and have [...]

1048 6755

Open Access Original Research

Historical Evolution and Scenarios Up to 2050 of Heating Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Residential Buildings in Vienna

Received: 24 June 2022;  Published: 27 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203030

Abstract

Today, the building sector poses a major problem concerning fossil fuel energy consumption and the corresponding emissions of local pollutants and global greenhouse gases (GHG). In addition, an increasing number of people are living in urban areas, and it is becoming challenging to provide the necessary living space and energy for heating in fast-growing cities. Currently, urban areas host approximately 50 % of the global population and generate 70 % of GHG. The core objective of this study is to analyze the histor [...]

1045 8404

Open Access Original Research

Risks Associated with the Use of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier or Source

Received: 03 March 2022;  Published: 01 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203029

Abstract

Hydrogen is a dangerous gas due to its low ignition energy, wide flammability range, promotion of the embrittlement of steel, and its high coefficient of permeation for polymers. The fracture toughness and failure elongation of pipe steels are strongly impacted by hydrogen embrittlement, whereas yield stress and ultimate strength are moderately impacted. Specific tools are required for the pipe defect assessment used for the transport of hydrogen, which is pure or blended with natural gas. The safety factors associ [...]

2573 16735

Open Access Original Research

Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Pipelines and Nuclear Power Plants: Estimates for Durability

Received: 18 April 2022;  Published: 30 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203028

Abstract

Due to the increasing need to further develop the world gas and oil industry and the increased public attention to clean energy sources, studying and preventing Hydrogen Induced Cracking is one of the main safety concerns in nuclear power plants, oil pipelines and platforms. In this article, the growth and incubation times for internal Hydrogen Induced Cracks (HIC) are examined. Specifically, these times are modeled in two separate phases - the first phase (I) is a long time approximation, when the crack growth is [...]

1329 9727

Open Access Review

Artificial Neural Networks and Gradient Boosted Machines Used for Regression to Evaluate Gasification Processes: A Review

Received: 18 February 2022;  Published: 18 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203027

Abstract

Waste-to-Energy technologies have the potential to dramatically improve both the natural and human environment. One type of waste-to-energy technology that has been successful is gasification. There are numerous types of gasification processes and in order to drive understanding and the optimization of these systems, traditional approaches like computational fluid dynamics software have been utilized to model these systems. The modern advent of machine learning models has allowed for accurate and computationally ef [...]

1150 9303

Open Access Original Research

Incentivizing Alternative Fuel Vehicle Transactions: Analysis of Cash-for-Clunkers Transactions for New Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Received: 14 January 2022;  Published: 02 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203026

Abstract

Monetary incentives to accelerate the transition of private vehicle fleets to zero emissions promote sustainability in the transportation sector. Clean Cars for America to incentivize transactions for new battery power vehicles is a program in furtherance of sustainable transportation goals in the United States. Unfortunately, data on transactions for new alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are scarce so empirical research to explore the costs and/or the benefits of such programs is also scarce. Analysis of transactio [...]

887 6356

Open Access Technical Note

From Food to Foot: The Energy and Carbon Flows of the Human Body at Walking and Cycling

Received: 10 March 2022;  Published: 18 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203025

Abstract

The carbon footprint of motorized transport modes per unit length traveled encompasses the unit share of the vehicle lifetime emissions, that of the transport infrastructure, and those of the motor energy, considered both from “well to tank” and from “tank to wheel”. In the active modes of transport, i.e., walking and cycling, the counterpart of motor energy is human energy, which is associated with two kinds of carbon flows: the carbon footprint of food intake, – which we call the Food to Body component – and the [...]

1614 13346

Open Access Original Research

Numerical Study to Understand the Conservation of Hydrogen Through a Dynamic Fuel Supply System in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

Received: 26 March 2022;  Published: 13 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203024

Abstract

Reducing and conserving fuel usage is pivotal for any engineering system for the development of a sustainable energy solution. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the promising renewable energy systems that consume hydrogen as their source of fuel to generate electricity. This paper investigate the necessity of the constant supply of fuel (hydrogen) in the PEMFC system to ensure stable operation. We propose that a dynamic supply of fuel could help achieve similar performance and reduce the amoun [...]

977 7928

Open Access Original Research

Surface Treatment of Flexible Barrier Film for Improved Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Mini Modules

Received: 07 March 2022;  Published: 04 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2203023

Abstract

The lifetime and stability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are the key factors that influence the technology used to scale up and commercialize OPVs. High-performing and reliable devices are used to fabricate the devices of choice. Materials and methods that can be used to prevent the degradation of organic materials, enabling better OPV applications, are being increasingly researched in recent years. Herein, we present the surface modification process of a commercial, flexible barrier film based on polyethylene te [...]

1450 9918

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of LoRa Transmission Delay on Dynamic Performance of Standalone DC Microgrids

Received: 18 April 2022;  Published: 26 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202022

Abstract

One important aspect toward proper and stable functioning of a communication-based controlled microgrid is data transmission. Consequently, an analysis of the effect of data transmission delay is of significance for any chosen communication protocol. This paper focuses on the effect of employing LoRa for data transfer at the secondary control level of a standalone DC microgrid. It analyses the effect of LoRa transmission delay on the dynamic performance of DC microgrids. This paper simulates a community DC microgri [...]

1162 9304

Open Access Research Article

Controller Evaluation for Solar-Latent Thermal Energy Applications

Received: 17 April 2022;  Published: 09 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202021

Abstract

In this study, the performance of a self-sufficient controller used for a solar-latent heat domestic hot water (DHW) production unit under real-world operating conditions was analyzed. The unit consists of a flat-plate solar collector and a latent heat storage tank. The controller is powered by a small solar panel and governs the charging and discharging of the system, ensuring maximum solar energy absorption, desired hot water temperature, and constant monitoring of the heat-storage tank’s capacity. The system is [...]

888 6931

Open Access Original Research

Improving the Engine Efficiency Using a New Combined Refrigeration Cycle for Low-Temperature Heat Source (Waste Heat Recovery)

Received: 19 April 2022;  Published: 08 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202020

Abstract

Passenger and commercial internal combustion engines have relatively large dissipated thermal energy sources that can be used for initiating thermodynamic refrigeration cycles at low temperatures while improving engine efficiency. Researchers have focused on combined power-refrigeration cycles in past studies. This paper presents the operation and performance of a new combined refrigeration system driven by waste heat recovery within the internal combustion engines. For this purpose, the effects of several paramete [...]

1101 7247

Open Access Research Article

Analysis of Correlations for the Prediction of the Entrainment Fraction of Droplets in Gas-liquid Annular Flows

Received: 14 February 2022;  Published: 24 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202019

Abstract

In gas-liquid flows, droplets that detach from the liquid film lining the internal walls of a pipe and merge with the gas flowing through the pipe follow an annular flow pattern. This work analyzes correlations for estimating the entrainment fraction of such droplets contained in the literature by comparing their predictions with experimental data also from the literature. The results of this comparative study demonstrate that the analyzed correlations do not accurately reproduce experimental conditions. This is du [...]

1747 11204

Open Access Original Research

Non-Newtonian Flow in Bifurcated Piping and Arterial Networks

Received: 12 February 2022;  Published: 23 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202018

Abstract

Flows in multi-branch piping systems are modeled for linear Newtonian and nonlinear Power Law, Bingham Plastic and Herschel-Bulkley fluids. The nonlinear models are often used to describe multiphase fluids consisting of liquid and solid phases, including cement slurries and drilling muds in petroleum engineering. Rheological and heterogeneous multiphase effects are important to blood flows in single and bifurcated arteries, capillaries and veins – biological applications are also emphasized to highlight their incre [...]

1153 9469

Open Access Original Research

A Large Eddy Simulation Study of Cyclones: The Effects of Interparticle Collisions on Erosion Prediction

Received: 31 January 2022;  Published: 06 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202017

Abstract

Cyclone separators are widely used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units due to their lack of moving parts and relatively low-pressure drop. However, cyclone separators are prone to erosion-related issues, which is a major drawback. In this paper, a large eddy simulation (LES) of the particle-gas flow in a cyclone separator is investigated using a four-way Euler-Lagrange approach to model inter-particle collisions and the exchange of momentum between particles and fluid. The effects of inter-particle and particle [...]

1463 10467

Open Access Research Article

Experimental Study of Lean-burning Limits of Hydrogen-enriched LPG Intended for Domestic Use

Received: 02 January 2022;  Published: 18 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202016

Abstract

The lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) have been studied using a Bunsen burner. The lean-burning limits under different conditions are important design considerations in developing gas-fired domestic appliances. In this study, the lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched LPG have been obtained across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (600 to 1800) and H2 volumetric fractions (0% to 25%). The results show that the lean-burning limit is increased, on average, by 4.0% to 7.2% for eve [...]

2073 11778

Open Access Short Communication

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Studies of PHEV2 form-factor Lithium-ion Cells for Automotive Applications

Received: 09 November 2021;  Published: 18 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202015

Abstract

Prismatic PHEV2 form-factor lithium-ion cells with a nominal capacity of 25 Ah (as used for automotive applications) have been studied with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The data was evaluated using electrical equivalent circuits. Mathematical modeling, system identification, and the determination of model parameters of the lithium-ion cell were also carried out. While a study of the influence of temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) performed using pristine lithium-ion cells showed a nonlinear rela [...]

1523 10204

Open Access Research Article

Solar Energy Policy for Commercial Buildings Sector: Recommendations for the Indian Scenario

Received: 21 November 2021;  Published: 14 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202014

Abstract

India is a rapidly developing nation and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy presents an attractive solution to the growing challenges concerning energy needs. Solar energy is abundant in India, and thus, its application and use are rapidly advancing. This study assesses various government initiatives for off-grid Solar Photovoltaic/Solar Water Heating systems for commercial establishments in India and elucidates the need for improvements in their implementation, highlighting the problems in avai [...]

1276 8914

Open Access Original Research

Adapted Time Slice Model of Pinch Analysis for Direct-Indirect Heat Recovery in Buildings

Received: 13 January 2022;  Published: 12 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202013

Abstract

Heat integration techniques such as pinch analysis can play a significant role in saving energy in the design of buildings. The application of pinch analysis in this sector encounters difficulties due to the highly time-dependent behavior of energy streams such as waste heat and solar thermal collectors, as well as the possible need for heat storage units (HSUs). The existing pinch models in the literature either bear little relation to reality because they ignore the time dependency of the streams, or they do not [...]

1141 9812

Open Access Original Research

Building New Nuclear in Finland: Crises Challenging Core Beliefs around Nuclear Energy

Received: 26 November 2021;  Published: 06 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202012

Abstract

This paper examines the building of a new nuclear plant as a greenfield operation in Pyhäjoki, Finland. A newly-founded energy company, Fennovoima, was granted a license by the Finnish parliament to build a new power plant in 2010. In the years following this Decision in Principle the project faced several obstacles. Through interviews with key actors, this paper identifies the interests and core beliefs associated with building the plant. It posits that, in Finland, the underlying ideas and values surrounding nucl [...]

1156 11797

Open Access Original Research

Thermo-rechargeable Batteries Fabricated Using Low-cost Materials

Received: 15 February 2022;  Published: 30 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201011

Abstract

We fabricated three thermo-rechargeable batteries using low-cost transition metal hexacyanoferrate and determined the thermal voltage (Vcell) and discharge capacity (Qcell) per unit weight of the total active material in the cathode and anode. The obtained values were compared with the calculated values, which were determined by analyzing the temperature and capacity coefficients of the redox potential.

1349 8764

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Synthesis of Germanium-Polypyrrole Composite Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Received: 26 December 2021;  Published: 27 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201010

Abstract

Herein, we report the coating of nanostructured germanium using a polypyrrole (PPy) polymer coat as a composite anode material for the fabrication of lithium-ion batteries. The Ge/PPy composites were synthesized following the direct electrochemical deposition method in an ionic liquid (IL). The results revealed that the coating of PPy on Ge helped realize stable battery cycling and reversible capacities, which were not observed in uncoated Ge. The PPy layers could effectively inhibit side reactions between the elec [...]

1410 10303

Open Access Original Research

A Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium-Air Battery with an Acetic Acid Catholyte Operated at High Pressure

Received: 17 February 2022;  Published: 15 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201009

Abstract

Acidic aqueous lithium-air batteries are attractive candidates for use as energy sources in electric vehicles because of their high energy and power densities and ability to operate under ambient conditions. An aqueous lithium-air battery with an acetic acid catholyte has a high theoretical energy density of 1,478 Wh kg-1, and the reaction product is soluble in the catholyte. In this study, we have studied the cell performance of a Li/interlayer electrolyte/NASICON-type solid lithium-ion conductor/acetic acid catho [...]

1389 11658

Open Access Original Research

Operation of AC Microgrids with PV Panels’ Output Power Curtailment for Minimizing the Use of Energy Storage

Received: 21 January 2022;  Published: 07 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201008

Abstract

In this paper, a method for operating AC microgrids in both off-grid or standalone and grid-connected modes is proposed to minimize the use of energy storage by increasing the number of PV panels and curtailing their output power. When the intensity of daylight decreases, power is imported from the main grid through an AC/DC/AC converter or solid-state transformers in parallel to compensate for the shortage. By using a three-phase transformer in Δ-Y connection with Y’s neutral connected to its local grounding syste [...]

1105 8378

Open Access Original Research

An Open Source LoRa Based, Low-Cost IoT Platform for Renewable Energy Generation Unit Monitoring and Supervisory Control

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 17 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201007

Abstract

SCADA provides real-time system monitoring by constant communication and data exchange between various system devices to achieve data visualization and logging. Presently, in industrial systems, commercial SCADA systems are being used for data monitoring and control. These systems can be expensive, and as such can only be afforded by select industries. Even at these costs, the commercial SCADA systems face some challenges, which include interoperability and scalability issues. Research has shown that these problems [...]

1510 18534

Open Access Research Article

Using SIRES to Enhance Resilience in Remote & Rural Communities

Received: 29 August 2021;  Published: 21 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201006

Abstract

Rural and remote communities are more vulnerable to damage caused by extreme events as compared to urban areas. Natural disasters can disrupt basic supplies such as domestic water supply and cooking needs in addition to electricity outages. The recognition of the interlinked nature of food, water and energy has gained momentum over the past few years. Smart Integrated Renewable Energy System (SIRES) has been proposed to handle basic needs such as cooking, domestic and irrigation water supply, and electricity to rem [...]

1073 8895

Open Access Review

Converting CO2 from a Harmful Gas to a Renewable Source of Matter and Energy: A Review

Received: 05 November 2021;  Published: 19 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201005

Abstract

The emission of greenhouse gases, specifically CO2, has reached non-acceptable levels causing global warming with adverse effects. Owing to rigorous ongoing research, these harmful substances might be converted to beneficial sources. The main objective of this study was to review the most effective processes that might utilize carbon dioxide to produce various substances, chemicals, and energy. For this, different existing and projected short-term and long-term strategies have been presented and discussed. Specific [...]

1374 9186

Open Access Review

Reactor Design for Biogas Production-A Short Review

Received: 27 September 2021;  Published: 13 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201004

Abstract

Biogas is an alternative to gaseous biofuels and is produced by the decomposition of biomass from substances such as animal waste, sewage sludge, and industrial effluents. Biogas is composed of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. The anaerobic production of biogas can be made cheaper by designing a high throughput reactor and operating procedures. The parameters such as substrate type, particle size, temperature, pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and inoculum concentration play [...]

3731 43131

Open Access Review

Variable Speed Diesel Electric Generators: Technologies, Benefits, Limitations, Impact on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Fuel Efficiency

Received: 30 July 2021;  Published: 13 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201003

Abstract

A substantial share of the electric energy is generated with synchronous generators that provide sustained alternating current (AC) voltage and frequency energy to regional and national power systems, which subsequently transport and distribute it to diverse users. In an attempt to reduce environmental effects, electric energy markets have recently become more open, resulting in more flexible distributed electric power systems. In such distributed systems, stability, quick and efficient delivery, and control of ele [...]

2782 21032

Open Access Review

A Review on High-Capacity and High-Voltage Cathodes for Next-Generation Lithium-ion Batteries

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 10 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201002

Abstract

lithium-ion battery (LIB) is at the forefront of energy research. Over four decades of research and development have led electric mobility to a reality. Numerous materials capable of storing lithium reversibly, either as an anode or as a cathode, are reported on a daily basis. But very few among them, such as LiCoO2, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li-NMC) variants (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2), LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, LiFePO4, graphite, and Li4Ti5 [...]

5561 64788

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Journal of Energy and Power Technology in 2021

Received: 05 January 2022;  Published: 06 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201001

Abstract

The editors of Journal of Energy and Power Technology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2021. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a cer [...]

1145 7986

Open Access Research Article

Harvesting the Potential of CO2 before it is Injected into Geological Reservoirs

Received: 28 October 2021;  Published: 22 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2104050

Abstract

To store CO2 in geological reservoirs, expansion valves have been used to intentionally release supercritical CO2 from high-pressure containers at a source point to lower-pressure pipelines and transport to a selected injection site. Using expansion valves, however, has some shortcomings: (i) the fluid potential, in the form of kinetic energy and pressure which can produce mechanical work or electricity, is wasted, and (ii) due to the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, the reduction in the temperature of the released CO [...]

1449 9086

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