by Giorgos Mountrakis  and Sheng Yang

Received: 24 March 2021;  Published: 26 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104026

While numerous studies have considered forest loss factors at local scales, there is a gap of comparative quantitative regional modeling at the U.S. national level. Here, we investigated statistical relationships between gross forest cover loss (GFCL) and numerous socioeconomic, biophysical and ownership variables between two decades, the 1990s and the 2000s. A spatial error model was employed to compensate for spatial autocorrelation effects. Models from the 2000s had stronger explanatory power than the 1990s mode [...]

by Marianna Michałowska

Received: 11 June 2021;  Published: 18 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104025

Since 1907, when Bakelite was invented, there has been a dramatic rise in the daily usage of plastic-like materials. Today, its negative impacts are a part of scientific studies and public debates. Art and artists play a significant role in these discussions. They mediate between the specialist content and public awareness. This study is dedicated to the artworks of artists using plastic waste collected from the seashore. I organized their works into three lines, within which artists have different threads of plast [...]

by Amber Bonnington  , Meisam Amani  and Hamid Ebrahimy

Received: 13 August 2021;  Published: 14 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104024

Since oil exploration began, oil spills have become a serious problem. When drilling for oil, there is always a risk of an oil spill. With the new development of technology over the years, oil spill detection has become much easier making the clean-up of a spill to happen much faster reducing the risk of a large spread. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to detect the Deep-water Horizon oil spill through a change detection method. The change detection method allows the viewer to determine the differ [...]

by Gary W. Shugart  and Tessa G. Nania

Received: 09 July 2021;  Published: 29 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103023

On the Washington and Oregon coast of the NE Pacific Ocean from 2008-2015, we found that juveniles represented 83% of Northern Fulmars that were beached. In comparison to older birds, juveniles averaged more mass and pieces of plastic in stomachs. This reflected relatively larger plastic loads in the cranial stomach section, the proventriculus, which we found was associated with relatively large accumulations in the caudal stomach section, the ventriculus. We estimate that the proventriculus could retain almost 10 [...]

by Shih-Ang Hsu

Received: 25 July 2021;  Published: 02 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103022

Spatial relation between wind stress and storm surge during two hurricanes in 2020 is investigated. It is found that, during Laura’s landfall, the area inside of 65 knots (34 m s -1) isotach or line of equal wind speed can produce up to 18 ft (5.5 m) inundation and during Delta, the area inside of 50 knots (26 m s -1) up to 11 ft (3.3 m) high water level above the ground. The tropical cyclone (TC) surface analysis near landfall by the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch (RAMMB) is recommended as a first [...]

by Hadi Heidari  and Neil S Grigg

Received: 27 May 2021;  Published: 30 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis spreading to all countries. This study explains and documents the first-order effects of the new coronavirus on the urban water cycle. Urban water systems play an important role in public health because people rely so heavily on water services. Findings address short- and long-term changes in climate variables; availability and accessibility of clean water to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus in water-scarce cities; shifts in habits, behavior, a [...]

by Andrew Sluyter

Received: 07 March 2021;  Published: 24 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103020

This project demonstrates how to use existing syntheses of many decades of historical social science research to produce empirically derived land-use maps in a GIS for large regions for a specific target year at a resolution appropriate to the calibration of existing anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) models. Disagreement among the outputs of various ALCC models results from differing estimates of population and assumptions about how much food a given population requires and the productivity per unit area of va [...]

by Heath Murray  and Mehdi Khaki

Received: 23 October 2020;  Published: 29 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103019

Inland water bodies are crucial for supporting human life in various parts of the world. Therefore, it is essential to accurately monitor its spatiotemporal variations for better water management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the application of remote sensing data for quantifying the surface area changes and the impact of climatological variabilities over Lakes Mead and Chapala. Historical time series of monthly surface area dynamics were developed using Landsat 1-8 scenes and the climate vari [...]

by Chris R. Lavers  , Travis Mason  , Jonathan Mazower  and Sarah Grig

Received: 29 October 2020;  Published: 09 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103018

High-resolution satellite imagery permits acquisition of critical data to observe climate-change and environmental impact on conflict-impacted indigenous communities with co-existing socio-economic factors, often within unstable regimes. Conflict may prevent direct access in remote regions to validate civilian conflict actor evidence. In such cases use of remote sensing tools, techniques, and data are extremely important. Software-based imagery assessment can quantify radiometrically calibrated or Normalized Differ [...]

by Bo-Cai Gao  and Rong-Rong Li

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 05 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103017

Passive high spatial resolution hyperspectral and multispectral imaging systems in the solar spectral region from aircraft and satellite platforms are being increasingly used for remote sensing of coastal waters and inland lakes. However, the remotely sensed data are often contaminated by the specular reflection of solar radiation at the air/water interface. Thus, the effects of sunglint need to be corrected. The purpose of sunglint correction is to remove the undesired specular reflected portion of radiance that d [...]

by Lordwin Girish Kumar Jeyakumar  , David B. McKenzie  , Yuanmei Zhang  , Lakshman Galagedara  , Shabtai Bittman  and Derek Hunt

Received: 30 December 2020;  Published: 28 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102016

Subsurface tile drainage installation helps to maintain water table levels and to meet adequate crop moisture requirements. Artificial subsurface drainage continues to be a common practice in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and elsewhere around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of DRAINMOD in simulating water table depth (WTD) and water outflow from tile drained agricultural fields. This site on the Avalon Peninsula of Eastern Newfoundland has a rolling landscape with predom [...]

by Sofia Silva  , Alexandra Cravo  , João Rodrigues  , Cátia Correia  and Cristina M.M. Almeida

Received: 09 April 2021;  Published: 19 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102015

The use of biomarkers in bivalves has gained significance as a reliable method for the assessment of the presence and effect of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. However, it is important to note that the biomarkers respond not only to contaminant loadings and bioavailability but also to environmental stress. Therefore, the association between biomarkers and contamination/pollution should be conducted cautiously as the environmental factors also affect their response. These factors should be integrated into the as [...]

by Mieczysław Szyszkowicz

Received: 14 April 2021;  Published: 10 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102014

Each country has its own characteristics of COVID-19 infection trajectory and epidemic waves. Differences in government-implemented restrictions and social regulations result in variability of the virus transmissions and spread dynamics. This in turn results in various shapes of the growth function used to represent and describe the propagation of infection. Statistical methods are applied to fit non-linear functions to represent daily time-series data of the cumulative numbers of COVID-19 cases. The aim of this wo [...]

by Brian R. Stanmore

Received: 01 March 2021;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102013

A set of empirical models which accounts for the formation of gas phase polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD and PCDF), and solid phase PCDD/F by the de novo mechanism is described.In each case, competing formation and destruction reactions are considered to operate.The effect of the time-temperature history on their formation is then examined.At high temperatures, steady-state is reached in fractions of a second, resulting in the observed low product concentrations.Rapid cooling as found in furnaces [...]

by Christopher H. Vane  , Alexander W. Kim  , Darren Beriro  , Mark R. Cave  , Stephen R. Lowe  , Raquel A. Lopes dos Santos  , Antonio M. P. J. Ferreira  , Christopher Collins  , C. Paul Mathanail  and Vicky Moss-Hayes

Received: 05 March 2021;  Published: 28 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102012

Total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were determined in 73 surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (5-20 cm) soil samples taken from a 142 km2 area in Central London, UK. Soils were assessed to provide a baseline chemistry for site owners, developers, occupiers and regulators involved in understanding the potential risk to human health and the environment. TOC range was 1.75-11.85 % (mean 5.82 %), BC 3.7 [...]

by Gregory R. Goodwin  , Narges Sadat Shamabadi  , Pratima Pandey  , Ewen McLean  and Omar Bagasra

Received: 26 September 2020;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102011

Regressive Autism [RA] is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that manifests as the loss of previously acquired developmental milestones and skills. Early life dysregulation of neurodevelopment due to exposure to toxic metals has been associated with ASD, but the underlying biological mechanisms by which metals influence neurodevelopment remain unclear. We explored the potential role of thimerosal or ethylmercury on neurite formation and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) modulation in four human-developing neuronal [...]

by Eric P. Vejerano  , Jeonghyeon Ahn  , Junaid Latif  and Mustafa Mamun

Received: 17 January 2021;  Published: 13 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102010

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new class organic pollutant sharing some of the attributes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This opinion/short review aims to describe the properties of EPFRs that merit their recognition as an additional and potentially significant source of POPs. EPFRs are ubiquitous in diverse environments because of multiple factors: (1) organic precursors from anthropogenic, biogenic, and other natural emission sources are abundant; multiple mechanisms in PM and so [...]

by Pratima Pandey  , Narges Sadat Shamabadi  , Ewen McLean  and Omar Bagasra

Received: 28 August 2020;  Published: 07 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102009

Normally we encounter a myriad of chemicals in our daily lives. Endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] are ubiquitous in our environment and upon bodily entry many be stored in adipose tissue and, in pregnant woman, can reach the developing fetal brain, disrupting normal fetal brain development. EDC-induced aberrant levels of sex hormones can alter sexual dimorphism [i.e. degree of feminization or masculinization; sex differences in brain and behavior] and may contribute to the differential susceptibility of males a [...]

by Cosimo Magazzino  and Marco Mele

Received: 19 February 2021;  Published: 06 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102008

In this study, we used an image neural network model to assess the relationship between economic growth, pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and CO2), and deaths from COVID-19 in the Hubei area (China). Data analysis, neural network analysis, and deep learning experiments were carried out to assess the relationship among COVID-19 deaths, air pollution, and economic growth in China (Hubei province, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic). We collected daily data at a city level from January 20 to July 31, 2020. We used main cit [...]

by Christiana Polyzou  , Glykeria Loupa  and Spyridon Rapsomanikis

Received: 25 January 2021;  Published: 04 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102007

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was monitored in the atmosphere of a coastal site situated in the Northern Aegean Sea of Greece from August 2014 to January 2015. The selected sampling site is seldom impacted by human activities. Thus, it was possible to study the processes involved in natural terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. The diurnal and monthly variations in the concentration of GEM as well as the factors influencing these variations were determined. The GEM concentrations were found to be in [...]

by Igor Travar  , Jean Noel Uwayezu  , Jurate Kumpiene  and Leo W.Y. Yeung

Received: 15 December 2020;  Published: 19 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102006

The use of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has resulted in the contamination of different environmental matrices. In EU countries, the sites contaminated with PFAS are usually remediated by excavating the soil and disposing of it in a landfill, as no in-situ or on-site techniques capable of treating large quantities of soil cost-effectively have been developed. Landfilling of PFAS-contaminated soil is one of the sources of PFAS in landfill leachate. In this paper, the physical and chemical treatment meth [...]

by Lordwin Girish Kumar Jeyakumar  , David B. McKenzie  , Laura E. Christianson  and Evan Derdall

Received: 29 December 2020;  Published: 15 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102005

Denitrifying bioreactor technology, where a solid carbon source (woodchips) acts as a reactive medium to intercept agricultural tile drainage water, has been successfully used to convert N (NO3-) to di-nitrogen (N2) gas. Four replicated field-scale (24 m long × 3 m wide × 1 m deep), bioreactors were built and operated at the St. John's Research and Development Centre and were successful at removing a notable amount of nitrate (N) from agricultural subsurface drainage water. The objective of this study [...]

by Tomeu Rigo  and Sergi Castillo

Received: 28 October 2020;  Published: 14 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102004

The Metropolitan Area of Barcelona is a densely populated region in the North-East of the Iberian Peninsula. Infrastructures in this area play a significant role in the economy of this part of Europe. The combination of the Mediterranean Sea and the complex topography is responsible for the occurrence of severe weather events in this location and the surrounding areas. The use of remote sensing data in an hourly resolution allows the identification and characterization of those severe episodes, helping in determini [...]

by Giorgos Mountrakis  and Sheng Yang

Received: 24 September 2020;  Published: 09 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2101003

Few studies have investigated deforestation and population connections in the U.S. at large spatial extents or small scales. We examined forest cover changes over two decades, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010, in the continental U.S. at the county scale. Forest dynamics were estimated using the National Land Cover Database, a satellite-derived classification product and then linked to population data from the US. Census. At the aggregate level, high population growth seems to increase net forest loss in a non-linear manner, [...]

by Maurizio Arena  and Claudia Aprea

Received: 16 December 2020;  Published: 22 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2101002

The current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to multiple changes in the international market as well as in the lifestyle of people worldwide. The transport sector has undoubtedly been one of the most affected sectors due to restrictions imposed by the governments across the world to protect the health of their citizens, particularly the restrictions imposed on the operation of airlines. On the other hand, the reduction in travel by means of transport has contributed in part to the improvement in the envir [...]

by Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Editorial Office

Received: 04 January 2021;  Published: 06 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2101001

The editors of Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2020. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can do [...]

by Will P Gates  , Alastair JN MacLeod  , Andras Fehervari  , Abdelmalek Bouazza  , Daniel Gibbs  , Ryan Hackney  , Damien L Callahan  and Mathew Watts

Received: 16 September 2020;  Published: 31 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004007

This review synthesises the available published research on interactions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with landfill liners, with the view to inform on the expected behaviour of these persistent environmental pollutants in landfills. The review addresses the nature and significant types of PFAS compounds that are destined for landfills, as well as their by-product. It discusses the known and anticipated interactions with separate landfill liner components, namely geomembranes, geosynthetic clay line [...]

by Peizeng Yang  , Yaye Wang  , Junhe Lu  , Viktor Tishchenko  and Qingguo Huang

Received: 02 November 2020;  Published: 29 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004006

This study examined the degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in electrochemical oxidation (EO) processes in the presence of trichloroethylene (TCE). The EO experiment was performed in a gas-tight reactor using Magnéli phase titanium suboxide (Ti4O7) as the anode. The experimental data demonstrated that 75% of PFOS (2 μM) was degraded at 10 mA/cm2 current density in 30 min without TCE present in the solution, while the presence of 76 μM TCE apparently inhibited the degradation of PFOS, reducing its r [...]

by Gidon Eshel

Received: 03 August 2020;  Published: 25 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004005

Environmentally motivated voluntary diet modifications are the focus of much research and public discourse. Yet the nuanced multi-faceted, multi-dimensional nature of agriculture-earth interactions, and limited public environmental knowledge likely combine to undermine the efficacy of environmentally motivated dietary shifts, squandering limited good will. To counter this, here I devise two related indices for crudely estimating importance of various environmental impacts of alternative dietary choices. Based on th [...]

by Keith D Hutchison  and Barbara Iisager

Received: 13 September 2020;  Published: 24 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004004

The processes relevant to the verification of cloud forecasts generated by climate models are discussed from an engineering perspective. These processes include an assessment of cloud product requirements to be evaluated, the creation of a verification test plan including procedures and data to be analyzed, the development of independent sources of validation or truth datasets, and the quantitative comparisons between the cloud forecast products and the truth data needed to establish model performance. The engineer [...]

by Xuepeng Zhao

Received: 21 August 2020;  Published: 23 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004003

Nearly 40 years of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) climate data record (CDR) from AVHRR satellite observations over the global ocean is used to study the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and Australian bushfires on aerosol loading over downwind oceanic regions. Recent similar impact studies, by contrast, were mainly focused on the urban and suburban areas near the emission sources. AOT is used as a proxy for aerosol loading in our study. We found that AOT variations due to anthropogenic emission reduction during the lo [...]

by Boris S. Yurchak

Received: 28 July 2020;  Published: 10 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2004002

To increase the amount of information on the intensities of tropical cyclones (TC) used in climate research, the possibility of additional estimates of the intensity of a TC by exploring historical data of conventional (non-Doppler) airborne and coastal radars is considered. Based on the hyperbolic-logarithmic spiral (HLS) model of the streamline in the TC, an assessment of the maximum wind speed in hurricanes Cleo (1958), Carolina (1975) and Alicia (1983) was made. Literature sources containing radar signatures of [...]

by Nicole Mölders

Received: 11 August 2020;  Published: 17 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2003001

by David Bayo  , Olufunso Adeniyi  , Adebayo Adeniyi  and Oluwole Ariwoola

Received: 27 February 2021;  Published: 12 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2102013

The present study investigated the level of heavy metals in selected fruits sold commonly in Jos, Nigeria. The fresh fruits (Avocado pear, Black currant, Egg Plant, Golden melon, and Soursop) were purchased from five major markets (Terminus, Farin Gada, Building materials, Bukuru, and Fobur) in Jos. Each fruit sample was collected in triplicate and analyzed using standard procedures. The concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cr) was determined using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectr [...]

by Amir Taheri  , Ole Torsæter  , Erik Lindeberg  , Nanji J. Hadia  and Dag Wessel-Berg

Received: 19 October 2020;  Published: 25 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2101012

Convective mixing of free-phase CO2 and brine in saline aquifers is an established technique to accelerate the CO2 dissolution process. Correct estimation of the convection onset time and rate of CO2 dissolution into brine are two crucial parameters regarding safety issues, as the timescale for dissolution corresponds to the same time over which the free-phase CO2 has a chance to leak out from the storage site. In real practice, underground formations are heterogeneous with a layered structure, but the convective m [...]

by Advances in Chemical Research

Received: 04 January 2021;  Published: 05 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2101011

The editors of Advances in Chemical Research would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2020. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate of r [...]

by Behnam Nikoobakht  , Gulzari L. Malli  and Martin Siegert

Received: 26 April 2020;  Published: 14 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2004010

In this work, we study the single and double ionization spectra of the , with complexes by applying the four-component algebraic diagrammatic construction and Fock-space coupled cluster methods to extend earlier studies based on less demanding approaches. The computed single and double ionization potentials are in good agreement comparing with the available experimental results. The electronic structures of the cationic molecular systems are carefully investigated by computing accurately single and double ionizatio [...]

by Isabelle Jourdain  , Michael Knorr  , Lukas Brieger  and Carsten Strohmann

Received: 07 September 2020;  Published: 25 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2004009

The dinuclear complexes [Co2(CO)6{P(OAr)3}2] (1a, Ar = Ph; 1b, Ar = o-Tol) were prepared and reacted with PhC≡CH and PhC≡CPh to yield dimetallatetrahedranes [{(ArO)3P}(OC)2Co-Co(μ-RC≡CPh)(CO)2{P(OAr)3}] (3a, Ar = Ph, R = H; 3b, Ar = o-Tol, R = H; 3c, Ar = Ph, R = Ph; 3d, Ar = o-Tol, R = Ph). The main reaction of diphenylacetylene was accompanied by a side reaction, leading to the dissociation of a P(OAr)3 ligand for the formation of mono(phosphite) complexes [{(ArO)3P}(OC)2Co-Co(μ-PhC≡CPh)(CO)3] (2b, R = Ph; 2d, R [...]

by Yashiro Rojas  , Evana Halaka  , Mary Hanna  , Alex Sidotu  , Jehan Joma  , Mina Mikhael  , Roger A. Lalancette  and Ivan Bernal

Received: 26 July 2020;  Published: 07 September 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2003008

The compound, [cis-dichloro-(tris-2-amino(ethylamine))cobalt(III)]chloride hydrate, [cis-Cl2-(tren)Co(III)Cl]·H2O, a conglomerate crystallizing in P21 with Z = 4 (Z’ = 2), has been used as a precursor in the synthesis of a new dicobalt(III) peroxo complex: [(μ2-hydroxo)(μ2-peroxo)bis(tris-2-amino(ethylamine))di-cobalt(III)] tris(triiodide) dihydrate. This material crystallizes, without disorder, in space group P212121 with Z = 4 (Z’ = 2), thus making it, unambiguously, an example of a conglomerate. Its cell constan [...]

by Marek Łożyński  , Iwona Mądrzak-Litwa  and Aleksandra Borowiak-Resterna

Received: 29 June 2020;  Published: 27 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2003007

1-Decylbenzimidazole (dbim) copper(II) complexes formed during solvent extraction were thoroughly studied, and their structures were predicted. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of their structures and Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations of their spectra indicated that 1-decylbenzimidazole forms both mono- and binuclear complexes with copper(II), with coordination numbers of 4 or 5. At the molar ratio of [Cu(II)]aq/[dbim]org ≥ 1 and at [Cl-]aq ≥ 0.9 mol dm-3 in the extraction media, a binuclear 1:1 [...]

by Sandra Mikhael  , Maria Shawky  , Gulraiz Hashmi  , Ivan Bernal  and Roger A. Lalancette

Received: 28 June 2020;  Published: 23 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2003006

It is historically interesting to note that, whereas the [Co(NH3)6]3+ cation was isolated by Tassaert in 1798 (which he described as the tri-chloride) and that, in the early days of Coordination Chemistry, Jørgensen and Werner isolated many of its other salts, the fluoride was never reported. In fact, in relatively modern times, lack of success was, invariably, the result of attempting its isolation and full characterization. Significantly, there is no entry for its structure in standard sources such as Inorganic C [...]

by Paul Taglieri  , Paul Milham  , Paul Holford  and R. John Morrison

Received: 07 November 2019;  Published: 13 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2002005

Despite extensive research, the behaviour of the key nutrient element, phosphorus (P), in soil is not yet fully understood. This study focussed on the outstanding issue of the co-adsorption of protons (H+) and P by soils. We developed a congruent set of measures to determine the net H+:P co-adsorption ratio and tested it on goethite, for which a ratio of 1.6:1 had been estimated under CO2-free conditions for additions of NaH2PO4. Under our conditions, and using additions of KH2PO4, the net H+:P co-adsorption ratio [...]

by Marco Minella  , Khan M.G. Mostofa  , Cong-qiang Liu  and Davide Vione

Received: 05 September 2019;  Published: 21 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.acr.2001004

Superoxide, produced photochemically as well as microbially, is an important reactant present in seawater and a major source of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide decay may occur through catalyzed or uncatalyzed dismutation forming H2O2 and O2, through oxidation to O2, or through reduction into H2O2. Under definite circumstances, the redox processes that are different from dismutation could produce or consume H+, thereby altering the pH of seawater. In order to alter the pH, these processes have to involve, together wit [...]

by Jacques Muzart

Received: 10 October 2019;  Published: 08 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2001003

This article summarizes some surprising palladoreactions occurring in a transition metal environment, discovered by our team, and the proposed corresponding mechanisms.

by Dieter Rehder

Received: 18 December 2019;  Published: 08 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2001002

Vanadium is an element that is widely distributed in Earth’s crust as well as in sea-water and ground-water reservoirs. Therefore, it exerts a great influence on the issues related to life and environment. Vanadium is utilized by several marine organisms. For example, there are vanadate-dependent haloperoxidases in algae and several bacteria, e.g., Azotobacter, use it for nitrogen fixation and bacterial reduction involves the conversion of vanadate to oxidovanadium (IV). The similarity between vanadate and phosphat [...]

by Azza. A. Abou-Hussein  , Wolfgang Linert  and Nelly H. Mahmoud

Received: 18 September 2019;  Published: 19 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/acr.1904001

Mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of the empirical formula [Cu (L)(TFAA)]X, where L represents 2,2´-bipyridine (Bipy), 1,10´-phenanthroline (Phen), or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10´- phenanthroline (Dphen), TFAA is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, and X is the counter ion (BF4- or ClO4-), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, magnetic, molar conductance, elemental, and thermal analysis. Solvatochromic studies revealed that all the complexes showed bathochromic shifts. A square planar geometric structure is prop [...]