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Open Access Original Research

Comparing Two Strategies for Locating Hydrogen Refueling Stations under High Demand Uncertainty

Received: 21 February 2023;  Published: 15 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302031

Abstract

This research aims to model and compare two strategies for locating new hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) in a context of high uncertainty on H2 demand and on the spatial distribution of demand points. The first strategy S1 represented by an agent-based model integrating a particle swarm optimization metaheuristic consists of finding the best HRS locations by adapting to the real evolution of the demand. A second strategy S2 consists in solving a classical capacitated p-median problem based on H2 consumption foreca [...]

1163 8015

Open Access Review

Laccase: A Green Solution for Environmental Problems

Received: 21 February 2023;  Published: 05 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302030

Abstract

A multicopper oxidase, laccases catalyze the four-electron reduction of the substrate with the use of molecular oxygen. Laccases are abundant in nature and can be found in virtually every form of life on the planet. Generally speaking, laccases are classified into three types: blue, white, and yellow. Plant, bacterial and fungal laccases all have the same trinuclear copper site for substrate reduction. Non-phenolic as well as phenolic molecules are both capable of being catalyzed by this enzyme. Laccases are used i [...]

2086 25191

Open Access Original Research

N2O Emission Pattern in A Legume-Based Agroecosystem

Received: 26 January 2023;  Published: 26 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302029

Abstract

Legumes provide several ecological services to agroecosystems, but there is a lack of references on services related to N flows for a wide range of legume crops. N2O emissions were measured in two field experiments using a two-year legume-cereal crop sequence. In the first year (2014 and 2016), different legume crops were grown (lupin, pea, fava bean, common bean, soybean, chickpea) and compared to fertilized cereals (barley and sorghum). Once the seeds were harvested and the residues incorporated in the soil, unfe [...]

1651 8448

Open Access Original Research

Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon Used in A Water Treatment System for Medical Services

Received: 25 October 2022;  Published: 21 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302028

Abstract

The chemical regeneration of exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) from a water treatment plant to produce dialysis water used in hemodialysis treatments for chronic renal disease patients from a general Hospital of Ciego de Avila province, Cuba, was investigated. Activated carbon (AC) exhausted mainly by inorganics (Ca (Ca-chelates), Mg and Na) was regenerated using hydrochloric acid and acetic acid (one regeneration cycle). Solutions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%(v/v) as well as four contact times (2 h, 4 h, 6 h an [...]

2612 13512

Open Access Review

Greener Aspects of Nanoparticle Synthesis for Water Remediation: Challenges and Future Perspective

Received: 14 December 2022;  Published: 14 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302027

Abstract

Continued industrialization, urbanization and ecological destruction have caused significant environmental problems, particularly increased water pollution. Introducing harmful organic and inorganic effluents into watercourses has limited the supply and accessibility of safe and affordable drinking water. There is an urgent need to find green and sustainable abatement solutions for water remediation, many based on nanoparticles. The primary objective of this review is to explore and have a comprehensive discussion [...]

2070 17006

Open Access Research Article

Association between Urban Socio-Environmental Characteristics Including Travel Behavior, and Health Performance

Received: 25 October 2022;  Published: 06 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2302026

Abstract

Understanding the urban environment and the health status of residents is necessary for appropriate administrative services and regional management. This study used indicator scores derived from the area statistics of cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area to identify factors that affect health status. Indices were classified into two groups: health-related and non-health-related. The index values of each group served as the observed variables and were statistically standardized. The relationship between the two gro [...]

992 5968

Open Access Original Research

Comparison of Household Environmental Factors among Children with Reported Asthma and Controls

Received: 09 December 2022;  Published: 16 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301025

Abstract

The present research was part of a cross-sectional project involving children aged 8 to 10 years in Porto, Portugal. The project involved a first research part at primary schools where the health tests and a questionnaire were performed and a second research part concerning environmental conditions. Two groups emerged from the health questionnaire answers: one group that reported “asthma diagnosed by a doctor” and/or “wheezing or whistling in the chest during last 12 months” and another that answered negatively to [...]

1290 7292

Open Access Short Communication

Using Plastic Wastes to Exemplify Justice Dimensions of Extended Producer Responsibility

Received: 20 December 2022;  Published: 10 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301024

Abstract

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) places liability, physical, financial, and/or informative responsibility for a product throughout its life cycle on its producer. Implementing such schemes is expected to result in many environmental and social benefits. Yet, academic and practitioner discussions on the mechanisms focus on environmental impacts, whereas social dimensions of EPR are often side-lined. This short communication contributes to addressing this gap by establishing a research agenda for the justice di [...]

1415 12459

Open Access Original Research

Modeling Water Quality of AMD along the Flow Path

Received: 30 October 2022;  Published: 28 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301023

Abstract

The water balance is severely disturbed in post-mining landscapes like Lusatia/Germany. Mine waters (amd) enter the environment and spread in groundwater and surface waters. Groundwater containing high amounts of pyrite weathering products flows into receiving waters due to lignite mining for several years. The Chair of Wassertechnik & Siedlungswasserbau at the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg/Germany has developed a subsurface rehabilitation method using microbial sulfate reduction over the [...]

1273 6840

Open Access Original Research

Hydrological Effects of Spatial Harvest Patterns in a Small Catchment Covered by Fast-Growing Plantations in the Neotropics

Received: 07 October 2022;  Published: 21 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301022

Abstract

Eucalyptus forests are expanding worldwide and concerns exist about their impact on water resources. There is a lack of information about the hydrological effects of spatial harvest patterns in terms of their effects on streamflow. In this paper, we examined harvest amount and hillslope position effects on flow indices (Q70; Q50 and Q10) and water yield in a small catchment covered with a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation. To do that, we used the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), a physical-b [...]

1264 6848

Open Access Original Research

The Social Justice and Human Rights Benefits of Domestic Renewable Energy

Received: 10 August 2022;  Published: 16 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301021

Abstract

Focusing upon the United Kingdom reveals that centralised provisions of energy have historically failed to uphold standards of human rights. Even if a transition is made to renewable energy, existing centralised distribution systems cannot promise improvement. This work would recommend the transition to domestic renewables, whereby energy is harnessed and used in situ, as it may support the more desirable notion of social justice with regard to energy usage. Domestic renewables are likely to become an inevitability [...]

1193 8126

Open Access Review

A Review of the Effects of Anthropogenic Activities during the Pandemic Lockdown Period Timeline on Water Quality

Received: 27 October 2022;  Published: 14 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301020

Abstract

The pandemic has shown its effect on the world regarding health, economy, society, and environment. Whether it is a negative or positive impact, the period of this pandemic has a vast open platform for further studies. This review focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on water quality. It is hypothesized that due to the reduced amount of anthropogenic activity due to the global lockdown, the water quality of water resources increased and rejuvenated. This review showed the study period, methods an [...]

1125 6958

Open Access Research Article

Risk Matrix of Hydrological Disasters Combining Rainfall Thresholds and Social-Environmental Criteria

Received: 30 September 2022;  Published: 07 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301019

Abstract

This paper presents a procedure for risk assessment for hydrological disasters considering the threshold rainfall and environmental and social criteria. A case study was carried out to test its feasibility in the northern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The advantage of this procedure is that it only uses data available on government institutions and websites. For this reason, other regions and countries can easily adapt the procedure to their reality. Initially, the hydrological disasters were obtained i [...]

1075 7082

Open Access Original Research

The Dynamics of the Oceanic Air-Sea Boundary Layer

Received: 13 November 2022;  Published: 05 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301018

Abstract

This paper presents a model for the similarity structure of the velocity profiles in air and water in the wave boundary layer, which provides predictions in terms of two parameters, F and R, of all its important properties, including the Charnock parameter, the surface drift velocity and the condition for the cancellation of the surface Stokes velocity by the surface current. The parameter, F, arises from the fetch variability of the wave field, and the parameter, R, arises from the duration variability of the wave [...]

945 5968

Open Access Original Research

Evaluating Peer-to-Peer Electricity Markets across the U.S. Using an Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Received: 14 June 2022;  Published: 02 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301017

Abstract

The diffusion of distributed energy resources can overcome some challenges associated with the historical centralized model of electric power distribution. Decentralized generation by residential solar photovoltaic cells creates the potential for peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading, where households can act as consumers and prosumers to buy and sell renewable electricity. P2P energy markets are emerging at locations across the globe, and market performance is affected by various social, economic, and environment [...]

1523 10003

Open Access Review

A Review on Adsorption Process for the Treatment of Oily Wastewater

Received: 27 September 2022;  Published: 02 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301016

Abstract

Oil-contaminated or oily wastewater (OW) is generated from various industrial and domestic premises. It consists of fats, oils, and greases and may contain petroleum fractions such as diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene. It is regarded as one of the most hazardous wastewaters, causing serious environmental and health threats to ecosystems and human beings. The global increase in the discharge of OW coupled with stringent regulations for effluent discharge and incessant drive for the reuse of treated wastewater neces [...]

2809 22173

Open Access Original Research

Estimating CO2 Emissions for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Using Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in Rio de Janeiro City

Received: 23 September 2022;  Published: 31 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301015

Abstract

The amount of greenhouse gases has been growing dramatically in recent decades, producing global warming and causing climate change that affects the entire planet. To mitigate these emissions, several nations have committed to implementing measures to reduce emissions of these gases, with carbon dioxide being the main one. The transport sector is one of the leading carbon emitters. It needs to be the object of attention from government authorities and private companies so that sustainable solutions are planned and [...]

2215 18193

Open Access Original Research

Evaluation of Active Tectonic Features of Nandakini River Basin, Lesser Himalaya, India by Using Morphometric Indices: A GIS Approach

Received: 11 July 2022;  Published: 30 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301014

Abstract

Tectonic geomorphology has been evidenced as an essential tool to define and measure recent tectonic deformation. The Nandakini River originates from Nanda Ghunti glacier at 6886 m in Lesser Himalaya. It covers about ~551 km2 basin area, with a fourth-order stream. It confluences with the Alaknanda River near Nand Prayag (at elevation 852 m), Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. The drainage pattern is predominantly dendritic in the study area. The morphotectonic indices are measured to know the tectonic activity of th [...]

1862 12123

Open Access Opinion

The Coupling Mechanism of the Digital Innovation Ecosystem and Value Co-creation

Received: 06 September 2022;  Published: 28 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301013

Abstract

Value co-creation in the digital innovation ecosystem is of great practical significance for promoting enterprise advantages and high-quality economic development. Digitalization reshapes the logic of value co-creation. Innovation activities are no longer focused only on the internal enterprise but also occur in the ecosystem of interaction and sharing with other heterogeneous and diverse subjects. How can value co-creation be achieved between the digital innovation ecosystems and how can they be coupled between th [...]

2010 9469

Open Access Review

Biogeochemical Technologies for Managing CO2 Flows in Agroecosystems

Received: 17 October 2022;  Published: 28 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301012

Abstract

The review article discusses the application of biogeochemical technologies aimed at restoring biogeochemical cycles in agroecosystems, primarily in the microbial link regulating CO2 flows. The factors of management this microbial link when applying mineral and organic fertilizers are shown. The processes of mineralization of soil organic matter and methods of controlling soil's conjugate carbon- and nitrogen-mineralizing ability are considered. The changes in the productivity of agricultural ecosystems under c [...]

1198 10159

Open Access Original Research

Comparative Assessment of Seasonal Variations in the Quality of Surface Water and Its Associated Health Hazards in Gold Mining Areas of Osun State, South-West Nigeria

Received: 30 October 2022;  Published: 23 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301011

Abstract

Industrial and urban development are contributing to an increase in global environmental degradation. Therefore, the release of heavy metals from mining-related operations into surface water is harmful to human health. But as anthropogenic influences on the environment grow, surface water characteristics are also alter, impacting aquatic creatures. In order to analyze the acceptability of the surface water in the gold mining area for drinking and irrigation uses, different quality water assessment methodologies wer [...]

1453 11434

Open Access Research Article

Exploring Social Sustainability in the Built Environment

Received: 31 May 2022;  Published: 17 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301010

Abstract

Following the establishment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, sustainability has been given increasing attention in the agenda of the built environment. Sustainability embraces three key elements, i.e., environment, economy and society. However, the social dimension receives the least attention and is largely overlooked compared to the environmental and economic sustainability. To bridge the gap, this paper will examine the various dimensions of social sustainability involved in the built enviro [...]

2620 19184

Open Access Review

The Reliability of Willingness-to-Pay Responses in the Contingent Valuation Method: A New Single-Sample Approach

Received: 24 October 2022;  Published: 18 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301009

Abstract

The Contingent Valuation (CV) Method, like other stated preference techniques, seeks to measure economic preferences for public goods. Throughout the development and application of this non-market procedure, the accuracy of the measured preferences has been front-and-centre among practitioners and potential users. The most important issue of debate has been the extent to which the method can reliably measure economic preferences. In this article, a new methodology is described that enables multiple indicators of la [...]

1367 12026

Open Access Research Article

Assessment of Agro Allied Chemical Pollution on Surface Water Quality of River Lamurde and Mayo-Gwoi, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Received: 06 November 2022;  Published: 17 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301008

Abstract

Water bodies have been severely degraded in recent years due to the indiscriminate use of agro-allied chemicals. The study assesses the agro-allied chemical pollution on the surface water quality in River Lamurde and Mayo Gwoi. Water samples were collected from twenty-one (21) sample locations along the River Lamurde and Mayo-Gwoi to determine the seasonal variation during the wet and dry seasons through field determination of water quality and laboratory-based analysis at Taraba State Rural Water Supply and Sanita [...]

1331 10145

Open Access Research Article

Urban Policy Response to Radical Innovation in Sustainable Energy: The Case of University Spin-Offs and Local Triple Helix Interaction

Received: 11 July 2022;  Published: 16 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301007

Abstract

This paper pictures several risk-taking strategies of young high-tech firms in bringing energy inventions to market and ways urban policy (municipalities) may provide supporting facilities and help accelerate the energy transition. Derived from a longitudinal study of 100 firms in northwest Europe, two findings contribute to practice. Firstly, a share of almost 40 percent of university spin-off firms fails in the market introduction; if the market introduction is reached, 30 percent is relatively late. This develop [...]

1160 6158

Open Access Research Article

Surface Water Changes and Water Depletion of Lake Hamrin, Eastern Iraq, Using Sentinel-2 Images and Geographic Information Systems

Received: 31 August 2022;  Published: 12 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301006

Abstract

Iraq’s lakes and rivers are currently exposed to drought because of climatic and political conditions. This study uses satellite images and geographic information systems to display the water depletion and the change in the surface water area of Hamrin Lake. Sentinel-2 imagery of 2018 and 2022 was used to analyze the surface water area changes and water depletion. A comparison was made by studying the changes that happened between 2018 and 2022 respectively. Moreover, a supervised classification technique was [...]

1696 11127

Open Access Research Article

Evaluation of Pyrolysis Products of Industrial Wastes as Potential Feedstocks for Bioenergy and Biofuels

Received: 02 November 2022;  Published: 11 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301005

Abstract

This work aimed at evaluating all products from the low-temperature pyrolysis (350°C) of some industrial wastes, cotton stems and seeds (CSS), grape husks and curls (GRH), undigested sewage sludge (USS) and their blends in a fixed bed system and suggesting their possible applications. Solid and liquid products, biochars, and bio-oils were analyzed using various techniques by physicochemical, mineralogical, and chemical analyses. Gases were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a thermogravimetric-mass [...]

1576 7826

Open Access Research Article

Sustainable Thermal Insulation Derived from Recycled Textile Waste

Received: 11 September 2022;  Published: 11 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301004

Abstract

The textile industry is one of the oldest industries and the third most important industry branch in Macedonia. It has had a steady increase in production over the years. Growing production line proportionally generates textile waste. Although it is terminologically categorized as waste, textile waste can be a valuable resource and is one of the textile industry’s main challenges. Textile waste, appropriately treated with the possibilities offered by the recycling process or used as a clean waste, can find multi-fa [...]

3169 24251

Open Access Communication

Back to the Sea: The Long and Winding Road of the Seagrass Species Posidonia oceanica

Received: 12 June 2022;  Published: 05 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301003

Abstract

Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile is one of the most important endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea. The long phylogenetic pathway of this species deserves special attention because its evolutionary history allows us to think back over the debated issue of life evolution on Earth. Hence, this marine plant, by terrestrial origin, was born from an ancient ancestor named Posidonia cretacea Hosius & Von der Marck. This seagrass species, currently extinct, lived in the coastal waters of the Tethys Ocean about [...]

1500 9771

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research in 2022

Received: 04 January 2023;  Published: 04 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301002

Abstract

The editors of Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2022. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can do [...]

844 4303

Open Access Original Research

On Net Zero Energy Building Design Methodology: A Case Study Examining Learning as Measured by Interdisciplinary Knowledge Acquisition

Received: 28 August 2022;  Published: 03 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301001

Abstract

Net zero energy building design methodologies include integrative approaches and numerical tools to provide optimal performance and cost-effective results. Team integration, characterized by knowledge transfer between disciplines, has yet to be quantified for the design processes of these buildings. This article proposes a specific methodology for designing net zero energy buildings, tested through a case study design process conducted in an academic setting at Universidad Centroamericana in El Salvador, with the p [...]

1902 12646

Open Access Research Article

Evaluation of the Performance of Vital Services in Urban Crisis Management

Received: 08 October 2022;  Published: 26 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204057

Abstract

Crisis management assessment and planning include many components. One of the essential elements is the review and analysis of the structure of the existing situation and the performance of Vital services in the face of critical cases. During the occurrence of natural disasters, the issue of crisis management is crucial in order to reduce the damages caused by the crisis. One thing that reduces the damages is the correct and timely access of critical relief centers such as fire departments, emergency, police force, [...]

1238 8079

Open Access Original Research

Soil Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems as a Mitigation Strategy of Climate Change: A Case Study from Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Received: 18 October 2022;  Published: 26 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204056

Abstract

The study was carried out in three different locations in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh，to observe soil carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems as a mitigation strategy for climate change. A total of 108 composite soil samples were collected at 0-30 cm in different study area sites. The total number of samples comprised three agroforestry systems (cropland agroforestry, homestead agroforestry, and orchard agroforestry)， where 36 samples were collected from each agroforestry system. Three adjacent soil samples [...]

2987 19069

Open Access Original Research

Energy Efficiency of High-Speed Railways

Received: 18 August 2022;  Published: 26 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204055

Abstract

The world is becoming more dependent on energy resources, which translates into political dependency on energy-exported states. This will significantly impact the economy, transport, and the environment around the world. Railway transport is becoming an essential mode of transportation because it can operate on an electrified network and has zero carbon emissions. High-Speed Railways (HSR) is an energy-intensive transport system, and it is important economically and environmentally to reduce the amount of used ener [...]

5293 26533

Open Access Research Article

Demonstrating Regional Climate and Meteorological Sensitivity in Landfill Methane Inventories from Historical Californian Databases

Received: 13 September 2022;  Published: 20 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204054

Abstract

The urgency to manage global methane emissions has been acknowledged with international pledges to reduce 2020 levels by 30% by 2030. Carbon management requires effective tools to monitor changes, including those from significant sources including waste disposed on land. The first order degradation model used to determine landfill methane emissions, has been described by researchers as highly variable, insensitive and inadequate, despite recent attempts to explain microclimate impacts on methane oxidation. The deve [...]

1061 7154

Open Access Research Article

Groundwater Artificial Recharge Potentiality in Al-Qilt Catchment Jericho – West Bank – Palestine

Received: 28 September 2022;  Published: 19 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204053

Abstract

The main research objective is to highlight the potentiality of artificial groundwater recharge in Al-Qilt catchment- Jericho - Palestine regarding the water shortage in the groundwater-supplied areas. Artificial recharge can be a possible option in increasing the storability of the underground aquifer, which will add values to the Palestinian strategy to optimize the total accessibility of groundwater resources. The increase of water demands and the scarcity of water resources in the Jordan Rift areas are putting [...]

1090 8078

Open Access Review

A Review of Plant Bioindicators in Wetlands

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 16 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204052

Abstract

With the increasing human population, the protection of water resources is becoming a critical issue. Wetlands are one of the most important water resources, helping assimilate pollutants. Hence, the ecosystem integrity of wetlands is important. Plant bioindicators with phytoremediation (physiologically removing pollutants from the ecosystem by plants) capacity can be very helpful in this regard. Based on the current literature, this study specifically aims to overview plant bioindicators with phytoremediation abil [...]

1841 12263

Open Access Research Article

Carbon Taxation as An Instrument to Promote Wildfire Prevention and Avoid Biodiversity Loss in Portugal: An Order of Magnitude Analysis

Received: 09 September 2022;  Published: 15 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204051

Abstract

Climate change is one of the main challenges of the current century. Emissions taxes are one of the proposed ways to help in addressing this issue. In this sense, Portugal has introduced an Addition Tax on Carbon Emissions through Law N. 82-D/2014. One of the most notorious impacts of climate change in the country is the wildfires increasing in frequency and intensity. Forests provide various ecosystem services not valued by traditional markets, such as carbon sequestration. Recently, Portugal has created new envir [...]

1863 7795

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of Water Quality in Selangor, Malaysia during the Pandemic Movement Control Order

Received: 27 October 2022;  Published: 14 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204050

Abstract

The COVID-19 lockdown reduced the amount of human activity in Selangor, resulting in improved water quality, less water pollution, and a restored ecosystem. The purpose of this research was to investigate water quality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as changes in water pollution. After acquiring all of the data from third-party sources, this study analyzed the data using a methodical and statistical approach to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor. The purpose of the data anal [...]

1490 25271

Open Access Research Article

Estimation of the Return Periods in Hydrology

Received: 26 September 2022;  Published: 08 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204049

Abstract

A filtered Poisson process is proposed as a model for river flows. With the help of real-life data, the model parameters are estimated. Mathematical formulae are derived in order to estimate the various return periods of the river. An application to two rivers shows that the point estimates are very close to the corresponding values computed by hydrologists, based on historical data. Moreover, by modifying the values of the parameters in the model, we can see the potential effects of climate change on the return pe [...]

1903 8709

Open Access Original Research

Variations in the Maximum Electron Density of the F2 Layer (NmF2) over the Middle Latitude Station of Grahamstown, South Africa, during Solar Cycle 23

Received: 13 September 2022;  Published: 05 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204048

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray radiation are the primary causes of ionization that produce electron density in sufficient quantities to promote the propagation of satellite radio signals in the ionosphere. The electron densities suffer from spatio-temporal variations, and this poses different degrees of threats to satellite radio signals propagating through the ionosphere. We aimed to characterize the maximum electron density of the F2 layer (NmF2) in the middle-latitude ionosphere over Grahamstown, South Africa (Geogr [...]

1377 8743

Open Access Review

Carbon Footprint Study of Korean Green Tea Industry Using the Methods of the Life Cycle Assessment and Calculating Carbon Absorption in Agricultural Land

Received: 02 September 2022;  Published: 02 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204047

Abstract

Due to recent global warming and climate change events, about 127 countries have declared themselves carbon neutral since the Paris Agreement was signed. Furthermore, agriculture is directly or indirectly affected by climate change. In particular, the importance of carbon neutrality is very high due to the high carbon absorption potential of forestry biomass. In the global beverage market, green tea is the second most consumed beverage after water, and the potential of tea tree biomass to absorb carbon during culti [...]

1563 11670

Open Access Review

Human Interference with the Earth Has Abolished the Next Ice Age but Overdosing with Carbon Dioxide Emissions Could Have Catastrophic Consequences

Received: 29 November 2021;  Published: 28 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204046

Abstract

Around 1600 AD the carbon dioxide content of the earth’s atmosphere started to rise, even whilst according to the Milankovitch [1] astronomical theory of climate variation it was due to fall. On the natural earth the carbon dioxide count of the atmosphere is a delayed response and an enhancing feedback on the basic cause of the Milankovitch astronomical cycle, the intensity of the June sunshine. If the Milankovitch cycle had continued its natural course, the medevial cold period known as the little ice age. Human i [...]

1129 7634

Open Access Original Research

Vulnerability and Resilience: An Attempt to Theorize

Received: 15 June 2022;  Published: 16 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204045

Abstract

In the context of resource depletion and global warming, the energy transition has become a necessity. To provide a basis for analysis and to support countries in this transition, it is necessary to better understand this transition. The creation of a good measurement tool could help. This paper proposes a measure of national resilience through an analogy to kinetic energy. Preliminary results show that some countries have strong potential for resilience in the energy transition. Inequalities exist and still exist [...]

1206 6751

Open Access Original Research

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene over Natural Clay

Received: 22 July 2022;  Published: 01 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204044

Abstract

Due to the massive increase in polymer manufacture, there has been a remarkable increase in plastic waste. With fewer landfills being used to dump plastic waste each year, it is becoming increasingly important to use effective recycling methods for plastic waste decomposition. In the present work, waste polystyrene was degraded in the presence of natural clay (K0.02, Ca0.15 [Mg0.25, Al0.69, Fe0.06], [Si2.0, Al0.6] O6.8 (O10) nH2O). The waste polymer was pyrolyzed at different heating rates i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20&#x [...]

1361 10356

Open Access Communication

Quantification of the Carbon Sequestration Potential of a 31-year-old Tree-based Intercropping System in Southern Ontario, Canada

Received: 08 September 2022;  Published: 25 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204043

Abstract

Carbon (C) storage potential was quantified for four tree species which are commonly incorporated into tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems and compared with conventional agricultural systems in southern Ontario, Canada. In the 31-year-old TBI system at the University of Guelph's Agroforestry Research Station, Norway spruce (Picea abies), white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), black walnut (Juglans nigra) and red oak (Quercus rubra) were planted in tree rows, intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). In the conventiona [...]

1682 8569

Open Access Original Research

Some Aspects of Marine Meteorology and Air-Sea-Wetland-River Interactions During Hurricane Ida (2021)

Received: 28 August 2022;  Published: 21 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204042

Abstract

In August 2021 Hurricane Ida devastated southeast Louisiana. On the basis of numerous pertinent meteorological-oceanographic (met-ocean) information including datasets and graphics as supplied by various public agencies, several unique topics related to marine meteorology and air-sea-land interactions are investigated. It is found that a newly proposed revised relation between minimum sea-level pressure and maximum sustained wind speed is verified during Ida. Characteristics of the rapid intensification, defined as [...]

1277 7359

Open Access Original Research

Impact of COVID-19 on Chile's Energy Transition Policies and Goals

Received: 16 June 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204041

Abstract

Because of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased, leading to the implementation of energy transition policies. Countries have adopted the Paris Agreement to curb the effects of climate change. The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 led to the application of different measures to stop its transmission. This study evaluated the effects of COVID-19-related restrictions (such as quarantine and mobility restriction) in Chile during the first wave on compliance with the country's energy transition poli [...]

1150 6954

Open Access Research Article

Biogeochemical Engineering: Technologies for Managing Environmental Risks

Received: 05 September 2022;  Published: 13 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204040

Abstract

This research aims at one of the most important economic and environmental problems - the elimination of the consequences in case of emergency spills while cleaning petroleum products. The objectives of the study include the development and production of new biological products and biosorbents based on carbon-oxidizing microorganisms, testing the developed technologies for environmental risk management to eliminate the consequences of emergency petroleum product spills, creating an algorithm for conducting prelimin [...]

1227 7086

Open Access Opinion

The Role of Agriculture in the Australian Government’s Emission Reduction Fund

Received: 21 July 2022;  Published: 10 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2204039

Abstract

Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in 2020 were 67.8 million (M) tonnes (t) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e), amounting to 12.9% of total emissions. Erupted methane (CH4) from ruminant animals comprised 42% of agricultural emissions. By 2030, the Australian Government aims to reduce total emissions by 43% from the 2005 level. The primary policy instrument for achieving this reduction is the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) in which there are two main pathways for agriculture – emiss [...]

1490 8292

Open Access Original Research

Implementation of a Dynamic Thermal and Illuminance Control System in Responsive Façades: Shading Study

Received: 30 May 2022;  Published: 29 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203038

Abstract

This study evaluates three shading configurations designed and tested in a preliminary stage of responsive shading device development. The strategy is based on trigonometric relationships focused on solar angles at any given moment. The configurations are thus related to the ratio of the window area shaded by a responsive brise-soleil that provides 0%, 50%, or 100% shading of the indoor space, based on the daylight needs and the indoor thermal control realized. Shading simulations were performed for Pomona, Califor [...]

1487 8545

Open Access Original Research

The Technology of Upward Capillary Formation of Waste for Creating a Deposit before Land Reclamation

Received: 08 June 2022;  Published: 27 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203037

Abstract

Mineral resources in the subsoil are classified as exhaustible. One of the ways to potentially replenish the sources of mineral resources is presented in the materials of these studies. In this article, we studied the natural formation in the bowels of the array of zones of high concentrations of compounds of useful components. We aimed to develop the technological methods of mass transfer and directed deposition of useful components. The technological transition of mineral resource extraction from the “gathering” [...]

1088 6514

Open Access Research Article

The Role of Tribal Leaders/Traditional Leaders in Regulating Land Use and Biodiversity Among the Gurune-Speaking People of the Upper East Region in Ghana

Received: 29 April 2022;  Published: 26 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203036

Abstract

Regulating land use and the biodiversity of a region requires lasting accords between those who make the decisions and those who are affected by the rules and regulations. In Africa, these accords depend on the effectiveness of the collective efforts of the representatives of the legal authorities and the civil society (the traditional leaders in the tribal system). In this study, we investigated the role of tribal leaders in conserving biodiversity (which is a base for obtaining accords with statutory regulations) [...]

1376 13320

Open Access Review

Outcomes of Ecuador’s Rights of Nature for Nature’s Sake

Received: 30 March 2022;  Published: 22 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203035

Abstract

The rights of nature have been widely discussed at a philosophical level for a long time, but examples of its practical application are quite rare. Ecuador is the first country to incorporate this concept into its constitutional foundation and put the theory into practice. However, implementing entirely justifiable rights of nature is hindered by factors, such as economic considerations, legal interpretations, cultural norms, political will, and disproportionate perspectives of “the greater good”. After getting opp [...]

1619 18310

Open Access Review

Bibliometrics of Scientific Articles on Solid Waste Management in Shopping Malls (1999–2020)

Received: 09 May 2022;  Published: 20 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203034

Abstract

The presence of shopping malls causes a social, economic, and environmental impact. The bibliometric analysis is a valuable method used to dentify published research papers, and understand historic information published in scientific journals. This method can be used to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses of scientific production on a specific subject. This analytical method primarily focuses on analyzing the bibliometric study of the solid waste management method used in shopping malls. A small number [...]

1499 9990

Open Access Review

The Role of Land Use Planning in Urban Transport to Mitigate Climate Change: A Literature Review

Received: 13 May 2022;  Published: 26 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203033

Abstract

With the growing urbanisation phenomenon, ambitious policy interventions are needed to limit transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. Cities are a predominant source of pollution, with urban transport contributing significantly to emissions. To address climate change, decision-makers must implement appropriate and effective mitigation instruments. This literature review focuses on the different approaches and supporting measures of urban transport land-use planning, such as mixed-used zoning plans [...]

1702 14521

Open Access Original Research

Health Risks from Supposedly Remediated US Hazardous-Waste Sites: An Early-Warning Signal

Received: 02 June 2022;  Published: 24 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203032

Abstract

Scientific data are almost nonexistent regarding the health-protectiveness of most hazardous-waste-site remediation. Given this data-gap, recently the World Health Organization (WHO) urged scientists to develop methods of "cost-efficient health surveillance" of toxics' cleanups, including any "illegal operations". Following WHO, this article's importance is to develop one such cost-efficient method. Given the assumption that remediators'-redevelopers' public misrepresentations of their cleanups' safety may warrant [...]

1683 10246

Open Access Original Research

Review of the Carbon Management Strategies of Retail Industry in Energy Consumption and the Whole Value-Chain of the Product - A Case Study of Auchan Holding

Received: 09 February 2022;  Published: 17 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203031

Abstract

Many multinational retail companies are exposed to financial risk related to climate change. Carbon management is important in keeping global temperature increases below 1.5°C to prevent the exacerbated impacts of climate change. Auchan Retail in Auchan Holding provides a good example of carbon management in the retail sector. Auchan Retail's major emissions are the indirect emissions throughout their value chain (scope 3 emissions). The total estimated emission of scopes 1, 2 and 3 are 37,822,573.9 t CO2e. [...]

1952 12379

Open Access Original Research

Modeling CO2 and N2 Permeation through Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing Oxygenated Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polysulfone

Received: 09 May 2022;  Published: 16 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203030

Abstract

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consist of a polymeric phase and a dispersed solid filler such as zeolites or carbon nanotubes. We prepared symmetric and asymmetric polysulfone-based MMMs containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-O) for CO2/N2 separation. Maxwell’s model was used to predict the permeabilities of MMMs. The permeability achieved using the model exhibited a good fit of the model in symmetric MMMs, especially for CO2. This can be potentially attributed to the high affinity of th [...]

1711 8294

Open Access Research Article

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Use of Drones in Map Production

Received: 23 May 2022;  Published: 11 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203029

Abstract

Multi-rotor and fixed-wing drones are extensively used to collect the data needed for producing large-scale topographic maps and plans. Several types of drone products are available, and the most important one for surveyors is an orthophoto. Flight planning, the quality of the control data, the assessment of drone products, and the image processing software need to be considered when using thes e drones. In this study, we explained these concepts and discussed their theoretical and practical importance in providing [...]

1357 11710

Open Access Short Communication

Visceral Leishmaniasis and Disposal of Solid Waste in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Received: 05 May 2022;  Published: 11 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203028

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and transmitted to humans and other mammals through the bites of infected female sandflies. VL has been prevalent in Minas Gerais, Brazil, since the 1940s. As the vector completes its reproductive cycle in the soil with organic matter, the association between the occurrence of VL and unimproved solid waste disposal sites has been investigated. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the relationship of waste disposal [...]

1109 8297

Open Access Research Article

Investigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Concrete in Sanitary Sewer Pipes and Manholes: Field Surveys and Laboratory Assessment

Received: 20 April 2022;  Published: 30 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202027

Abstract

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of concrete in sanitary sewer pipe and manholes is the result of dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dissolving the cement matrix. The acid is produced by a complex series of chemical and biochemical reactions. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the basic science of the MIC process starting with the various biological processes leading to the production of dilute sulfuric acid; (2) to discuss historical attempts to fortify concrete; (3) to present methods to reduce [...]

2538 16954

Open Access Original Research

Meeting the Net Zero Emissions Challenge – Alphabet’s Carbon Management Actions and Opportunities

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 16 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202026

Abstract

The first step in managing an entity's carbon emissions involves measurement as 'what gets measured gets managed' and measurement lies at the heart of carbon management. The study of carbon management is important to all stakeholders as it enables calculation of emissions that can help determine opportunities for emissions reductions to address climate change which can improve energy efficiency and brand reputation. Alphabet is an interesting company to study given its main commercial activities relate to the devel [...]

1429 12313

Open Access Original Research

Cellular Photosynthetic Pigment and Structural Change in Festuca arundinacea (Tall Fescue) after Exposure to Acute and Chronic Chromium and Copper Stress

Received: 11 April 2022;  Published: 14 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202025

Abstract

Expanded industrial globalization has resulted in the release of high concentrations of heavy metals into environmental water sources and soils. Phytoremediation may help to remove these heavy metals from contaminated soils. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) exhibits phytoremediation potential due to its endurance and high stress tolerances. Here, we report photochemical and structural responses in tall fescue to acute and chronic doses of heavy metals, copper (Cu) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Visual si [...]

1322 8063

Open Access Original Research

Soil Pollution Education: A Broad View of Knowledge on Soil Pollution and Educational Activities for Undergraduate Students

Received: 25 March 2022;  Published: 10 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202024

Abstract

Soil pollution is a major challenge for ensuring a healthy environment and for human health. One of the critical points in soil pollution policy is the education and public awareness of the problem caused by soil pollution. Education influences decision-making on soil and water care. It is crucial to spread knowledge to undergraduate and graduate students about the determinantal effects of soil pollution on ecosystems and humans, considering today’s students are tomorrow’s guardians of soil and human health. A cour [...]

2081 18715

Open Access Original Research

Application of Epistemic Uncertainty Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis in Green Construction Design

Received: 23 March 2022;  Published: 07 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202023

Abstract

Building performance is often expressed according to primary energy use; however studies should also include environmental load. To mitigate the effects of increased CO2 emissions, green building designs are now increasingly popular options for stakeholders. In contrast, impacts of green design parameters, building performance assessment, and design optimization objectives are not addressed sufficiently for American infrastructure. Designing low-energy architecture to minimize carbon emissions requires thoughtful a [...]

1307 9963

Open Access Original Research

How the Interaction of Heatwaves and Urban Heat Islands Amplify Urban Warming

Received: 29 March 2022;  Published: 06 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202022

Abstract

An increase in global temperature will likely result in more intense and frequent heatwaves that would last longer. Simultaneously, the growth of urban population requires more areas of land incorporated into urbanization, because most people are expected to live in cities, which will increase the intensity and duration of urban heat islands. However, the extent of the link between global warming induced heatwaves and urbanization caused heat islands is barely understood. Understanding the link would give a new inf [...]

1906 13550

Open Access Original Research

Non-Woven Tissues as Novel Cosmetic Carriers for a Green Beauty

Received: 16 March 2022;  Published: 23 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202021

Abstract

Approximately 75% of textile waste is generated annually worldwide, as there is a dearth of viable recycling strategies. It has been estimated that textile industries can be responsible for approximately 20% of global water pollution. As a consequence, if not properly managed, the cost of waste management of textile waste will be trillions of dollars annually. Moreover, the generated wastes are detrimental to the environment and public health. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the majority of the waste [...]

1986 12962

Open Access Opinion

Experience with Active Learning: The Charleston, SC, USA Urban Heat Island Effect

Received: 11 February 2022;  Published: 07 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202020

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is not well understood, especially within the cityscape. This editorial is from the perspective of an undergraduate student Cadet Emma Larsen, as she comes to understand the UHI through mentorship from professors Simon Ghanat and Scott Curtis, personal experiences as a cadet at a military academy in Charleston, SC, USA, and active learning through participation in a national heat observation campaign, the NOAA HeatWatch, and related independent research. HeatWatch seeks to underst [...]

1322 8850

Open Access Original Research

From Managing People to Managing Emissions: How Leading Human Resources Firms are Minimising Their Carbon Footprint

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 06 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202019

Abstract

One of the biggest challenges currently presented to organisations worldwide is their ability to identify and sustainably manage greenhouse gas emissions. ‘Carbon management’, as it is referred to, is the process of understanding how and where an organisation’s activities generate emissions, and extends beyond meeting regulation requirements to being strategically utilised within businesses for social licensing, financial planning and corporate decision-making. The aim of this research is to analy [...]

1815 13158

Open Access Original Research

Achieving Net Zero Through a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Carbon Management in Mining and Metals Processing–A Case Study of Rio Tinto

Received: 24 January 2022;  Published: 05 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202018

Abstract

The earth’s climate is warming, increasingly straining the Earth’s human and environmental systems. Organisations are increasingly committing to net zero emissions by mid-Century to set and communicate their ambition to limit global warming to the peak temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. However, for many companies, the pathway to delivering against this ambition remains unclear – and significant investment in technical, social and economic systems required before this target becomes a reality. This paper ana [...]

1950 19908

Open Access Research Article

Restoration of Reservoir Caprock: Long-Term Wellbore Sealing and Abandonment through Zeolite Enhanced Cement

Received: 21 March 2022;  Published: 29 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202017

Abstract

Oil and gas wellbores that are drilled into the earth’s crust need to be plugged and abandoned, to restore the geological seals once they are no longer producing. The main aim of Plugging and abandonment (P&A) is to ensure that there is no leakage of hydrocarbons into the environment. Since offshore P&A is challenging due to subsurface temperature and pressure conditions, testing zeolite as an additive for improvement of cement properties is an intriguing research topic. This initial research aims to [...]

1311 9010

Open Access Original Research

How is Environmental Sustainability a Key to Innovation?

Received: 09 February 2022;  Published: 27 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202016

Abstract

The private sector plays an important role in the global climate goals and the 1.5°C target set during the Paris Agreement. Through investment in green projects and technology and energy efficiency initiatives, their carbon management strategy is paramount to achieve sustainability and good business practices. It is crucial to understand the proposals that the industry has established to reduce its environmental impact by applying supply chain optimization and technological advances or by participating in th [...]

4385 378544

Open Access Original Research

How do World-renowned Coffee Companies Manage Carbon Emissions? A Case Study of Starbucks

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 26 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202015

Abstract

Carbon emissions are a major factor influencing climate change. Climate change also has ecological impacts, such as loss of biodiversity and loss of ecosystem functions and services. Starbucks is a large multinational company which aims to reduce their environmental impact. Starbucks’ carbon emissions in 2018 were 16,706 thousand metric tons, including 320 thousand metric tons of direct scope 1 emissions, 1,094 thousand metric tons of indirect scope 2 emissions and 14198 thousand metric tons of indirect scope 3 emi [...]

5459 54563

Open Access Original Research

Conservation Prioritization of Ecologically Susceptible Zones at Disaggregated Levels

Received: 29 December 2021;  Published: 22 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202014

Abstract

Ecologically susceptible zones (ESZs) are endowed with the distinct bio, geo, climatic, hydrological, and ecological integrity that sustain natural resources to support the livelihood of dependent populations. However, globalization and consequent anthropogenic activities have led to the erosion of the natural resource base and enhanced the levels of pollutants, triggering global environmental change, evident from changes in the climate. Alterations in the structure and the ecological integrity of ESZs may lead to [...]

1264 10049

Open Access Original Research

The Tension Between Growth and Innovation Led Greenhouse Gas Reductions in the Information and Communication Technology and Media and Entertainment Sector: A Case Study of AT&T Inc.

Received: 13 January 2022;  Published: 15 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202013

Abstract

With scientific consensus on climate change and growing public concern, firms are recognising the multiple risks associated with inaction on their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Entertainment & Media (E&M) sectors provide essential communications services, that are foundational for much of the modern world's social and economic systems. The ICT sector has already demonstrated success in innovations that enable emissions reductions. At the same tim [...]

1731 15149

Open Access Original Research

Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Recycled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (rSBR) Composites

Received: 01 March 2022;  Published: 11 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202012

Abstract

Recycled styrene butadiene rubber (rSBR) from waste car tires was used as a filler in poly(lactic) acid (PLA) to modify its properties. The compounds were prepared via twin-screw extrusion and molded by injection with different rSBR contents (0 to 25% wt.). Additionally, recycled rubber particle size was controlled between 125 and 1000 μm to determine the effect of this parameter. From the samples produced, a series of morphological, physical and mechanical characterizations were performed. As expected, rSBR additi [...]

1573 10394

Open Access Review

Cyanobacterial Blooms and Their Implications in the Changing Environment

Received: 03 January 2022;  Published: 16 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201011

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are the most ancient phytoplankton that first appeared at least 2.5 billion years ago and have a prolonged evolutionary history. They can form impenetrable and toxic blooms in aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater and marine environments. Cyanobacterial blooms produce cyanotoxins that endanger ecosystem functioning and deteriorate water quality used for recreation, drinking, and in fisheries, thus, adversely affecting human health and the economy. Some bloom-producing genera are Aphanizomenon, Plankto [...]

2409 18235

Open Access Original Research

A Case Study of How DHL Practices Carbon Management

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 10 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201010

Abstract

Awareness of the challenges of sustainable development, and in particular the risks of climate change, is leading to inevitable restrictions on Greenhouse gas emissions. True carbon risk management must be introduced into the strategy of companies that will increasingly operate in a global low-carbon economy. Indeed, companies are now called upon to be accountable and transparent about the environmental consequences of their business activities. Carbon risk is one of several new emerging risks for companies associa [...]

3928 56901

Open Access Research Article

Relationship between Thermal Variance and Hatchery Estimates of Fertility in a Multispecies Assemblage of Anadromous Salmonids in Response to Managed Flows

Received: 15 November 2021;  Published: 22 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201009

Abstract

Our study sought to identify a regional explanation for declining fertility in stocks of co-occurring salmonids in the upper Trinity River, northern California, USA. We focused on evaluating the relationship between thermal variance in river water and hatchery-measured estimates of female fertility as a function of highly managed annual flow regimes. We evaluated annual and seasonal variation in volume of flow and water temperature in response to managed flows associated with annual in-river restoration actions. We [...]

1363 8836

Open Access Research Article

NIR Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics Approach to Identify Soil Characteristics as a Function of the Sampling Depth

Received: 24 December 2021;  Published: 15 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201008

Abstract

Soil is a very complex medium made of minerals, organic matter, microorganisms, air, and water. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are exceptionally well-suited to be used with portable and hand-held devices. In this study, NIR spectroscopy was applied using portable instrumentation and the holistic Aquaphotomics approach to identify the differences in three Mediterranean soil profiles from Sardinia (Italy). The soil samples (95) collected from alluvial and loess-sampling sites in the three study areas of North Sa [...]

1481 12054

Open Access Original Research

How Might Changing Climate Limit Cyanobacteria Growth in Shallow Prairie Lakes? An Empirical Space-For-Time Evaluation of the Potential Role of Increasing Sulfate

Received: 20 November 2021;  Published: 15 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201007

Abstract

Cyanobacteria blooms alter aquatic ecosystems and occur frequently in shallow prairie lakes, which are predicted to increase in salinity as the regional climate becomes hotter and drier. However, flat landscapes that experience depression bottom salinity with high concentrations of sulfate in addition to sodium and chloride, may mitigate nutrient increases or even inhibit cyanobacteria growth. Cyanobacteria can dominate shallow lakes with low N:P ratios because many cyanobacteria species fix dissolved N2, whether d [...]

1434 9573

Open Access Original Research

Wind-Stress Variations from Deep to Shallow Water during Hurricanes for Air-Sea-Land Interaction Applications

Received: 27 December 2021;  Published: 14 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201006

Abstract

In September 2020 Hurricane Sally impacted two National Data Buoy Center (www.ndbc.noaa.gov) buoys near its track: 42040 in the deep water and 42012 in the shallow. Using pertinent air-sea interaction formulas from the literature, analyses of these buoy data indicate that, under fully rough airflow and wind sea conditions, U* = a Hs2 /Tp3 + b, here U* is the friction velocity, Hs is the significant wave height, and Tp is the peak wave period. It is found that a = 28 and b = 0.12 for the deep water environment, a = [...]

1348 11326

Open Access Original Research

Urban Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Cardiac and Respiratory Diseases

Received: 18 September 2021;  Published: 11 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201005

Abstract

Air pollution affects various aspects of human health. Here, the associations between the number of emergency department visits for circulatory and respiratory problems and ambient air pollution in Toronto, Canada, in the period between April 2004 and December 2015 were studied. The health data were linked with urban air pollution data and weather factors. The conditional Poisson regression models were built for 18 strata (sex, age group, season), 8 exposure factors (air pollutants, indexes), and their 15 lags (0-1 [...]

1203 8795

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Inorganic and Organic Amendments on the Predicted Bioavailability of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in Kitchen Garden Soils

Received: 11 November 2021;  Published: 08 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201004

Abstract

Moderately contaminated garden soils can benefit from gentle remediation options such as soil amendments, which improve soil functions and agronomic potentialities while decreasing environmental and human risk. This study aimed to analyze the effects of doses of various common soil amendments generally applied by gardeners on the predicted bioavailability (i.e., extractability) of metal(loid)s (i.e., As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) in contaminated kitchen garden soils. Fourteen different amendment mixes (i.e., a green waste co [...]

1615 12507

Open Access Original Research

Managing the Turf of An Urban Golf Course: Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission

Received: 21 October 2021;  Published: 24 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201003

Abstract

This study investigated energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission across various playing surfaces (e.g., greens, tees, fairways, and roughs) in an urban parkland golf course. The turfs of golf courses require frequent maintenance to ensure high aesthetic and play quality. Maintenance includes aeration, mowing, irrigation, and fertilization. The annual energy-based carbon footprint was found to be the highest for fairways, followed by greens, tees, and roughs. However, CO2 exchange in the grass was found [...]

1529 12490

Open Access Research Article

Standardized Precipitation Index Comparison along the Limbe-Bamenda Axis of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea

Received: 19 October 2021;  Published: 12 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201002

Abstract

Mean monthly rainfall decline with continentality is a commonplace phenomenon that has been used in this study to compare its trend in Bamenda in the Western Highlands and Limbe on the Atlantic lowland coast. This study attempts to bridge some of the methodological gaps in the previous studies on rainfall variability in Cameroon that had emphasized only the inter-annual variability and coefficient of variation without focusing on the specific indices and contrasts between different ecological zones. In this study, [...]

1438 9906

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research in 2021

Received: 06 January 2022;  Published: 06 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201001

Abstract

The editors of Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2021. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can do [...]

747 6085

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Land Cover/Use Change and Altitude on Soil NPK Nutrients in Selected areas in the North West Region of Cameroon

Received: 29 September 2021;  Published: 30 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104038

Abstract

Land-use change is one of the main indicators of soil quality. Soil physical and chemical properties vary with land use change and altitude as inferred from transect surveys and toposequences. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and soil nutrient balance. Their presence in the soil in appropriate quantities is important for maintaining crop yields and farmers income, particularly in developing countries where resources of soil chemical additives may be limite [...]

2011 12954

Open Access Research Article

A System Dynamics Modelling Approach for Electronic Waste Recycling after Floods in Jakarta and New Orleans

Received: 15 October 2021;  Published: 23 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104037

Abstract

Due to climate change, flood-related disasters are expected to increase. Floods generate enormous amounts of waste, including electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste should be recovered not only because it can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment but also because of the valuable metals contained in it. In this study, a system dynamics model based on current practices and waste management was established using Vensim to determine the revenue that can be generated by e-waste recycling after floods [...]

2084 13438

Open Access Research Article

Mediterranean Cropping Systems: The Importance of Their Economic and Environmental Sustainability

Received: 08 July 2021;  Published: 21 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104036

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of people, as well as the production and economic systems throughout the world. The flow of raw materials and products, the supply of labor and manpower, and the purchasing power have all been changed to the detriment of individual health and well-being. Such a situation requires placing even more emphasis on the search for virtuous agricultural systems compatible with the goals of economic and environmental development so clearly defined at the world level in [...]

1623 11459

Open Access Original Research

Planning for Simultaneous Regional/Urban and Tourism Development with Case Studies

Received: 18 September 2021;  Published: 17 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104035

Abstract

This research suggests optimal planning and designing techniques for tourism complexes in urban master planning. Firstly, it explains the importance of the tourism industry through the theories of scholars and experts. It also emphasizes the connection between the development of urban economies and the tourism industry. This helps integrate the tourism industry and comprehensive regional/urban planning. It starts with planning and designing the tourism complexes in the early stages of the municipality’s master plan [...]

2278 13903

Open Access Case Report

Examination of Sustainable Water Management at Norway’s Major Hub Airport: The Case of Oslo Airport Gardermoen

Received: 22 October 2021;  Published: 15 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104034

Abstract

The present study used a detailed qualitative longitudinal research approach to examine the trends of water consumption, wastewater volumes, and drainage water volumes in Oslo Airport Gardermoen, which is Norway’s major hub airport, between the years 2005 and 2020. An overall upward trend was observed in the water consumption at Oslo Airport Gardermoen, which was consistent with the growth in air traffic and aircraft movements during the study period. The annual water consumption per enplaned passenger was observed [...]

1545 13491

Open Access Review

Sources, Mobility, Reactivity, and Remediation of Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution: A Review

Received: 08 October 2021;  Published: 15 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104033

Abstract

Heavy metal(loid)s are a group of elements present commonly in the environment, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, and As elements, among others. While these elements could have their origins in natural sources, anthropogenic activities, such as mining, agriculture, industry, etc., are also responsible for enhancing the concentration of these elements in the ecosystems up to undesirable levels. A few of these metal(loid)s serve as necessary micronutrients for life, while the others are extremely harmful and migh [...]

3009 31416

Open Access Original Research

Degree-hours and Degree-days in Coastal Mediterranean Cities, Patras and Kalamata, Greece

Received: 04 September 2021;  Published: 06 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104032

Abstract

The hourly ambient air temperature information was analyzed for two Greek coastal Mediterranean cities: Patras (for the entire 2018 year) with ten urban and one rural stations, and Kalamata (for the entire 2019 and 2020 years) with eight urban and two rural stations. The heating and cooling Degree Hours (DH) and Degree Days (DD) were calculated, for base temperatures of 18 °C and 26 °C, respectively. The urban heating degree hours for the cities of Patras and Kalamata were observed to be 19.2% and 24%, respectively [...]

8123 36458

Open Access Original Research

Carbon–CO2 Gasification to CO by Microwave Heating

Received: 30 October 2021;  Published: 01 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104031

Abstract

Renewable energies such as solar or wind energy are highly unreliable, owing to uncertain energy intensity and discontinuity. This shortcoming could be overcome by converting renewable energies to a form such as chemical fuel storage. In the present study, we created an energy conversion system that uses microwave heating and a carbon receptor to transform CO2, a greenhouse gas, into CO chemical fuel. The parametric investigation found that increasing the gasification temperature and feed gas temperature decreased [...]

1798 12276

Open Access Research Article

Climate Change, CO2-Concentration, and the Impact on Long-Term Pollen Observation with Implications for Human Health

Received: 12 October 2021;  Published: 24 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104030

Abstract

Climate change has a major impact on nature and influences ecological systems. The increase in the CO2-concentration in the atmosphere is a major driver of global warming. This study showed that global warming has a major impact on the release of pollen, and hence, on the people suffering from allergies in Switzerland. Basel is a station where long-term pollen observation is conducted, and the data was used to investigate the change during the last 52 years. There are stations throughout the world to measure the at [...]

1141 8559

Open Access Research Article

Architecture as Habitat: Enhancing Urban Ecosystem Services Using Building Envelopes

Received: 13 August 2021;  Published: 09 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104029

Abstract

The practice of reconciliation ecology in urban environments relies heavily on urban green space as the primary source of vegetated habitat in cities. However, most cities lack the quantity, connectivity, and accessibility of green space needed to provide essential ecosystem services for the health, well-being, and resilience of human and non-human species. In reaction to urban densification and the increasing frequency and severity of climate change impacts, this study argues that architecture could strategically [...]

1427 15480

Open Access Original Research

Coral Reef Mapping Using Remote Sensing Techniques and a Supervised Classification Algorithm

Received: 28 August 2021;  Published: 04 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104028

Abstract

The vitality of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is threatened by many human-made impacts. Monitoring this ecosystem makes it possible to study the general condition and the health of the GBR. However, due to the large extent of the GBR and limited accessibility in the ocean environment, mapping and monitoring this ecosystem has been always challenging task and connived. In this regard, Remote Sensing (RS) is an effective technique that provides valuable information for mapping and monitoring this ecosystem. In an atte [...]

2233 19480

Open Access Original Research

Assessment of Trametes versicolor, Isochrysis galbana, and Purple Phototrophic Bacteria for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Hospital Wastewater

Received: 31 July 2021;  Published: 28 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104027

Abstract

Hospitals are one of the key contributors of pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern to the sewer systems. Hospitals wastewaters contain concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds between 3 and 150, which are higher than urban wastewater streams. However, dedicated treatments of the hospital effluents before discharge to the sewer system are not compulsory. Besides, conventional wastewater treatment plants have not been designed to remove pharmaceutical compounds effectively, and consequently, these micropo [...]

1656 12740

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