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Open Access Review

Addressing Uncertainty: The Emergence of the CRMS/CFSPID Diagnostic Category Following Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis

Received: 29 July 2021;  Published: 29 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103139

Abstract

This article uses cystic fibrosis as a case study to examine how physicians and scientists have navigated uncertainty following newborn screening. Despite the many benefits of newborn screening, including earlier diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and a reduced diagnostic odyssey, this public health approach also comes with challenges. For example, physicians began to document infants with indeterminate diagnoses - those with a positive screen who did not clearly fit into the cystic fibrosis or “normal” categorie [...]

1761 12305

Open Access Review

Advances in Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Dental Therapies

Received: 19 August 2021;  Published: 28 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103039

Abstract

Dental caries are one of the major causes of oral degeneration diseases. In order to treat dental-related diseases, it is often challenging and expensive. Recent literature has reported many advances in designing delivery systems utilizing polymers and novel biomaterials. Polymers play an important role in designing many nanoformulations like liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, nano-hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, zirconia, silica, and silver nanoparticles were used to tr [...]

1812 13205

Open Access Review

Scientific Evidence in Homeopathy: A Dynamic Database

Received: 27 April 2021;  Published: 28 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103032

Abstract

Homeopathy, a system of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM, according to WHO definition), is under frequent attack by skeptics because of its supposed “lack of evidence.” To overcome the distrust of skeptics and the public, many databases have been created, which focused on collecting all the published and indexed studies; however, none of these seem to be “comprehensive” and systematic enough. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most reliable and available homeopathic studies in order to systemat [...]

1442 11949

Open Access Review

Quadruple Screening in the Age of Cell-Free DNA: What are We Losing?

Received: 16 June 2021;  Published: 27 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103138

Abstract

Cell-free DNA has emerged as the most reliable, non-invasive prenatal screening tool for fetal aneuploidies. It has come to replace the previously widely used quadruple screen offered in the second trimester of pregnancy. This change comes with improved detection for aneuploidy but also presents potential gaps in prenatal diagnosis including detection of open fetal defects and emerging data on prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review article provides a historical summary of the quadruple marker screen [...]

1778 25826

Open Access Review

Ion Transport in Organic Electrolyte Solutions for Lithium-ion Batteries and Beyond

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 27 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103043

Abstract

The performance of metal-ion batteries at low temperatures and their fast charge/discharge rates are determined mainly by the electrolyte (ion) transport. Accurate transport properties must be evaluated for designing and/or optimization of lithium-ion and other metal-ion batteries. In this review, we report and discuss experimental and atomistic computational studies on ion transport, in particular, ion diffusion/dynamics, transference number, and ionic conductivity. Although a large number of studies focusing on l [...]

3829 37193

Open Access Research Article

Assessment of AAR and Sulfate Attack on Wadi Gravel Concrete after 4 Years in Service

Received: 18 April 2021;  Published: 26 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103038

Abstract

Wadi gravel is a local aggregate in Qatar that could contribute to enhanced sustainability by replacing expensive imported gabbro. The material needs to be processed before use to reduce sulfate content to acceptable levels. The paper presents the performance assessment of three full-scale buildings, variously made with 50% and 100% Wadi gravel and conventional gabbro concretes. Site monitoring up to four years in service demonstrated the strength development with age and resistance to the aggressive exposure condi [...]

1837 16305

Open Access Original Research

Development of the Flash Ironmaking Technology (FIT) for Green Ironmaking with Low Energy Consumption

Received: 28 June 2021;  Published: 23 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103042

Abstract

This article describes the development of a novel ironmaking technology based on flash reduction. The development started with the proof of the kinetic feasibility, considering that a typical flash reactor provides only a few seconds of residence time. This was followed by tests in a laboratory flash reactor and finally a pilot plant operation. The rate equations formulated in this work were developed considering the optimum combination of temperature, residence time, and reducing gas partial pressure to achieve &# [...]

3198 21433

Open Access Original Research

Aqueous Lithium--Air Batteries with High Power Density at Room Temperature under Air Atmosphere

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 23 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103041

Abstract

Rechargeable batteries with higher energy and power density exceeding the performance of the currently available lithium-ion batteries are suitable for application as the power source in electric vehicles (EVs). Aqueous lithium-air batteries are candidates for various EV applications due to their high energy density of 1910 Wh kg-1. The present study reports a rechargeable aqueous lithium-air battery with high power density at room temperature. The battery cell comprised a lithium anode, a non-aqueous anode electro [...]

2091 14856

Open Access Research Article

Different Effects of Four Yogic Breathing Techniques on Mindfulness, Stress, and Well-being

Received: 29 June 2021;  Published: 18 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103031

Abstract

Yogic breathing techniques are fundamental to the physical and mental practice of yoga. They are closely connected to meditation, which involves the observation of breath. There are many yogic techniques based on the active regulation of the breath. Breathing practices influence many processes in the body, e.g. heart rate variability, and the mind, e.g. relaxation and stress, through their impact on the autonomic nervous system. This study intended to investigate differential effects of four yogic breathing techniq [...]

5531 48188

Open Access Original Research

Stability of a Fe-Rich Cathode Catalyst in an Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Received: 09 June 2021;  Published: 16 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2103003

Abstract

Fe-rich alloys have been widely studied as catalyst materials for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in hydrogen fuel cells, and many have shown high activities. The stability of Fe-rich catalysts has also been researched, and some studies have shown promising results using an accelerated stress test (AST), which uses a potential cycling method. However, for commercial fuel cell applications, such as standby power systems, the catalyst has to tolerate a high potential for a long period, which can not be r [...]

1584 11199

Open Access Research Article

Plant Breeding Integrated with Genomic-Enabled Prediction

Received: 09 June 2021;  Published: 15 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103137

Abstract

Plant breeding programs have used conventional breeding methods, such as hybridization, induced mutations, and other methods to manipulate the plant genome within the species' natural genetic boundaries to improve crop varieties. However, repeatedly using conventional breeding methods might lead to the erosion of the gene reservoir, thereby rendering crops vulnerable to environmental stresses and hampering future progress in crop production, food and nutritional security, and socio-economic benefits. Integrating in [...]

1893 16191

Open Access Review

Piperine: A Savor Inducer and a Cancer Reducer

Received: 26 July 2021;  Published: 15 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103061

Abstract

Spices have been used for many decades, and although new and improved culinary spices have been developed, black pepper (Piper nigrum) continues to retain its distinguished title as the “King of spices” due to its particular pungent taste. An alkaloid called piperine is the main component in black pepper that, besides generating the well-known taste, imparts well-documented immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and even anti-cancer properties; these properties have led to rigorous researc [...]

1138 8744

Open Access Original Research

Production of Fermentable Sugars from Cassava Stem using Hybrid Pretreatment Technology

Received: 29 April 2021;  Published: 14 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103037

Abstract

One of the crucial steps in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass is pretreatment. We investigated the applicability of a hybrid pretreatment method, This involved acid treatment followed by alkali before the production of fermentable sugars from cassava stem. The substrate was initially treated with acid (1% oxalic acid at 100 °C for 2 h), followed by treatment with a 10% NaOH–urea mixture (by mixing 5 g each of NaOH and urea in 100 mL of water) at 100 °C for 1 h. A cellulose recovery of 98.55% was obtained with the [...]

1522 11170

Open Access Original Research

Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes Using Microreactors: Mechanistic Study of its Effects on H2O2 Addition

Received: 17 August 2021;  Published: 13 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2103002

Abstract

The photocatalytic reaction involved in TiO2 photocatalysis was investigated using a microreactor coated with TiO2 film on the glass plate attached on one side of the microreactor. It was confirmed that the effect of H2O2 on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of azo dyes (acid orange 7, acid red 151, and acid yellow 23) was dependent on the polymorphs (anatase and rutile) of TiO2 coated on the glass plate of the UV-irradiated microreactor. Scavengers of holes (KI) and electrons (p-benzoquinone) were added to [...]

2195 13046

Open Access Review

Effects of Different Components of Yoga: A Meta-Synthesis

Received: 08 March 2021;  Published: 13 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103030

Abstract

Traditional yoga encompasses a variety of practices, such as postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical teachings. However, little is known about how different components of yoga contribute to its overall effect. In this meta-synthesis, we comprehensively summarized the current evidence on differential and incremental effects of various yoga components collected from available meta-analyses. For this meta-analysis, we searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and the Cochrane Library in July 2021. We [...]

3782 37694

Open Access Review

Innovative Strategies and Challenges for the Prevention of Pathological Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

Received: 16 December 2020;  Published: 13 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103106

Abstract

The effects of pathological anxiety on public health have led to the realization that anxious children might experience significant limitations in their lives. Evidence-based cognitive-behavioral (CB) interventions are now being implemented in schools at a group level to combat anxiety.Childhood emotional health should be considered a national and global priority for an effective strategy promoting the prevention of mental health. The aim of this study is the description of novel data on the effectiveness of preven [...]

1505 12715

Open Access Research Article

Impact of a Mindfulness Intervention on Hospice Care Worker Safety and Well-Being

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 12 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103029

Abstract

Hospice care workers are exposed to the hazards associated with in-home care in uncontrollable environments as well as occupational stress related to caring for terminally ill patients and their families. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an abbreviated mindfulness intervention to improve hospice care worker occupational safety performance and well-being. This study used a single-group pre-post design to pilot test an 18-hour mindfulness training as an intervention on self-reported safety performance [...]

1341 9097

Open Access Original Research

Energy Storage and Installed Wind Capacity Requirements for the Substitution of Fossil Fuels in the Electricity Generation Sector

Received: 19 April 2021;  Published: 10 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103040

Abstract

The impending adverse effects of Global Climate Change encourages the substitution of fossil fuels with non-carbon sources for electricity generation. However, while fossil fuel power plants may generate electric power at demand, the most abundant renewable energy sources-wind and solar-are intermittent or periodically variable. This necessitates the development of adequate energy storage at the utility/grid level. Using actual data for the hourly energy demand in the ERCOT electricity grid, this study examines the [...]

1756 11766

Open Access Original Research

Feasibility of a Perinatal Mindfulness-Based Intervention Delivered Remotely Due to COVID-19

Received: 30 June 2021;  Published: 09 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103028

Abstract

Mind-body interventions have shown promise for improving prenatal mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a prenatal mind-body intervention delivered remotely due to COVID-19 and preliminary efficacy with respect to mental health outcomes. This study used a simultaneous mixed methods approach (n = 27). Mixed methods data were collected to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the remotely delivered program (I.e., acceptability, practicality, demand, sustainabili [...]

1844 11231

Open Access Original Research

Physical Activity Behaviors and COVID-19 Symptoms

Received: 02 August 2021;  Published: 02 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103027

Abstract

Statistical modeling indicated that COVID-19 would have afflicted more than 60% of the US population. Social distancing, self-quarantine, and widespread shutdowns were imposed. The push to stay at home and the decreased availability of exercise facilities have potentially reduced physical activity (PA). The purpose of this observational, correlational study was to determine if there is a relationship between PA level and symptoms of COVID-19. Subjects were asked to complete a single Survey Monkey questionnaire. The [...]

1848 8483

Open Access Concept Paper

Spatial Relation between Wind Stress and Storm Surge during Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020

Received: 25 July 2021;  Published: 02 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103022

Abstract

Spatial relation between wind stress and storm surge during two hurricanes in 2020 is investigated. It is found that, during Laura’s landfall, the area inside of 65 knots (34 m s -1) isotach or line of equal wind speed can produce up to 18 ft (5.5 m) inundation and during Delta, the area inside of 50 knots (26 m s -1) up to 11 ft (3.3 m) high water level above the ground. The tropical cyclone (TC) surface analysis near landfall by the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch (RAMMB) is recommended as a first [...]

2095 10115

Open Access Research Article

Phase Equilibrium in ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 System at a Temperature of 1500 °C

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 02 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103036

Abstract

The phase equilibria and structural transformations in the ternary ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 system at 1500 °C were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in the overall concentration range. The system was found to constitute fields of solid solutions based on the tetragonal (T) modification of ZrO2, cubic (C) and monoclinic (B) modifications of Eu2O3, cubic with a fluorite-type structure (F) modifications of CeO2 (ZrO2), and ordered intermediate phase with a pyrochlore-type structure of Eu2Zr2O [...]

2098 11193

Open Access Review

Prenatal Testing – What Is It Good For? A Review and Critique

Received: 22 June 2021;  Published: 01 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103136

Abstract

The goals of prenatal testing remain controversial and reflect competing interests of public health, patient rights, disability activists, scholars, feminist critics, commercial laboratories, judiciary/legislative trends, and medical science. This paper reviews and critiques the most common justifications of prenatal testing for fetal aneuploidy that have been put forth over the half century of its existence: reducing the medical and economic burden to society of genetic disease through selective abortion, allowing [...]

2463 19025

Open Access Review

Unity, Continuity, Structure, and Function. The Ongoing Search for a Deeper Understanding of the Many Roles Attributed to Fascia in the Living Human Body - An Osteopathic Perspective

Received: 20 December 2020;  Published: 31 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103026

Abstract

Progress in technologies, notably in vivo and in situ methods, has equipped scientists with the necessary skills to explore the living human body in increasingly minute detail. This has led to a better understanding of the dynamic interplay between the various elements that make up the living human body. To further understand the interplay, this research focuses on the insights and observations of the founders of osteopathy, who placed great importance on the role of fascia in the body. Modern anatomical investigat [...]

2253 21733

Open Access Opinion

Belatacept Dosing in Lung Transplantation: Is There a Method to the Madness?

Received: 09 July 2021;  Published: 30 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103152

Abstract

Data supporting the use of belatacept in non-abdominal organs are limited to case series and small cohorts involving patients requiring conversion due to CNI intolerance or contraindication. Review articles summarizing the efficacy of belatacept salvage therapy in lung transplantation have previously been published, however, dosing regimens are highly variable and uniform guidance is lacking. In this article, indications and considerations for belatacept use in lung transplant recipients are reviewed with a specifi [...]

2190 14252

Open Access Case Report

Pandemics 2020 –COVID 19 Silent Hypoxia and Polysubstance Use: A Unique Case Report

Received: 24 December 2020;  Published: 30 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103025

Abstract

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to bring challenges in identification and management of which the “happy hypoxic” or silent hypoxia presentation has been found to present its own unique challenge. A 67-year-old African American COVID-19 positive female presents to the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of decreased oral intake and responsiveness, oriented and stable, with oxygen saturations found to drop as low as 47%. The patient was successfully managed with supplemental oxygen and det [...]

1425 8004

Open Access Review

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle

Received: 27 May 2021;  Published: 30 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103021

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis spreading to all countries. This study explains and documents the first-order effects of the new coronavirus on the urban water cycle. Urban water systems play an important role in public health because people rely so heavily on water services. Findings address short- and long-term changes in climate variables; availability and accessibility of clean water to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus in water-scarce cities; shifts in habits, behavior, a [...]

2051 20499

Open Access Original Research

About Cryptic Acrocentric Pericentromeric Abnormalities in Infertile

Received: 16 April 2021;  Published: 25 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103135

Abstract

Cryptic balanced chromosomal aberrations can be an underlying cause of infertility. In 2003 Cockwell and coworkers highlighted the relevance of euchromatic pericentric regions of acrocentric chromosomes that may be a yet ignored genomic region hosting cryptic rearrangements. Here we offer the first follow-up study to further explore this idea. Two specific molecular cytogenetic probe sets were established to elucidate such cryptic rearrangements together with chromosomal heteromorphisms of acrocentric centromeres. [...]

1707 9211

Open Access Original Research

Reconstruction of Anthropogenic Land-Cover Change for Middle America, 1500 CE

Received: 07 March 2021;  Published: 24 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103020

Abstract

This project demonstrates how to use existing syntheses of many decades of historical social science research to produce empirically derived land-use maps in a GIS for large regions for a specific target year at a resolution appropriate to the calibration of existing anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) models. Disagreement among the outputs of various ALCC models results from differing estimates of population and assumptions about how much food a given population requires and the productivity per unit area of va [...]

1662 11777

Open Access Original Research

Single-Case Neuropsychological Assessment of a Patient with a Posterior Parietal Lesion Using Behavioral Testing and Resting-State fMRI

Received: 29 January 2021;  Published: 24 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103105

Abstract

This study integrated functional connectivity measures using resting-state fMRI and behavioral data from a single-case observation of patient (PER) one year after right-hemispheric hemorrhage in the intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule (IPS/SPL). PER showed no sign of clinical neglect. Her behavioral performance in the visuo-manual pointing task and in the letter discrimination task under conditions of endogenous and exogenous attentional cueing was compared between the left (affected) and right (unaff [...]

1804 10727

Open Access Original Research

Homeopathy and Photobiomodulation for Healing Diabetic Wounds in vitro

Received: 12 April 2021;  Published: 19 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103024

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM), as well as plant extracts of Calendula officinalis (Calen), Hypericum perforatum (Hyper), and Echinacea purpurea (Echi-p), have been used to accelerate wound healing. However, the use of homeopathic preparations of these medicinal plants, in combination with PBM, is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined wound healing potential of these therapies in vitro. Various cell models were created in vitro in commercially available human skin fibroblasts (WS1). PBM was [...]

1735 17255

Open Access Research Article

Surgical Treatment of Zenker’s Diverticulum in Older Patients

Received: 26 October 2020;  Published: 18 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103179

Abstract

Zenker’s diverticulum is a cause of benign dysphagia. The main symptoms include dysphagia and regurgitation and require diagnostics to exclude neoplastic disease. Surgical treatment is recommended for symptomatic patients. The methods of treatment include endoscopic and open transcervical techniques. Thirty-eight patients treated using the open technique between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed. Patients were qualified for the procedure after a complete diagnosis that excluded the neoplastic process. All patients were a [...]

1753 14148

Open Access Research Article

Utilization of Upgraded Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Recycled Concrete Fines in Cement Mortars

Received: 11 February 2021;  Published: 17 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103035

Abstract

Waste concrete is the most predominant constituent material among construction and demolition waste. Current waste concrete recycling is limited to the use of recycled concrete aggregates as a road-base material and less as aggregates in new concrete mixes. Further, the production of recycled concrete aggregates results in the generation of a high amount of fines, consisting mainly of cement paste particles. Hence, this study aims to produce the cement mortars using the upgraded recycled concrete aggregates (sand g [...]

2181 16043

Open Access Research Article

GIS-based MCDM Approach for Wind Farm Site Selection - A Case Study

Received: 08 May 2021;  Published: 17 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103039

Abstract

The objective of this study is the development and implementation of a geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology to determine suitable sites for wind farms by using multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. Many eligibility criteria are considered in this approach, such as GIS analysis is performed in combination with MCDM techniques, both for the criteria weighting process (using the analytical hierarchical process) and for the standardization/classification of the criteria values into a common [...]

2355 21275

Open Access Review

Defining Clinically Pathogenic HLA-Specific Antibodies - Granular Details in Characteristics in Pre and Early Time Following HLA-Antibody Incompatible Kidney Transplantation

Received: 11 May 2021;  Published: 17 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103151

Abstract

Antibodies against donor HLA determine access to solid organ transplantation and in many cases the outcome of transplantation, but graft failure is not an inevitable consequence of their presence. Much research has been performed with two main aims – which antibodies represent the highest risk factor prior to transplantation, and second to understand how donor specific HLA antibodies behave after transplantation, with a long-term aim of being able to manipulate their production. HLA antibody incompatible kidney tra [...]

1799 11463

Open Access Technical Note

Encoding, Regression, and Classification of Transcription Factors’ Specificity and Methylation Effects

Received: 01 February 2021;  Published: 16 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103134

Abstract

The methylation effects on protein-DNA interactions, which can be perceived as a special kind of specificity of transcription factors, have been successfully quantified in the last years by various methods. In this work, I give a summary about the sequence encoding scheme, the underlying additive model about specificity and methylation sensitivity, and the regression strategy to analyze Methyl-Spec-seq data. Then I explain why given the current experimental setup, it is more appropriate to model the methylation eff [...]

1927 8850

Open Access Original Research

New Electrocatalysts Prepared by Co-Sputter Deposition for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol

Received: 25 May 2021;  Published: 13 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103038

Abstract

Direct methanol oxidation catalysts Pt1-x-Tax (0

2025 12337

Open Access Review

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in the Newborn: Pathologic Event or Does Spit Happen?

Received: 19 April 2021;  Published: 13 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103060

Abstract

Infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are among the most vulnerable patients in medicine and are at risk for a variety of morbidities, many of which require pharmacologic therapy. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common diagnosis in the NICU patient population and may or may not represent a truly pathologic process. Regardless, pharmacologic therapy is provided to many infants, who are already exposed to an inordinate number of pharmacologic agents, of which most are off label and hav [...]

1238 8704

Open Access Original Research

Bisphenol A Release from Orthodontic Clear Aligners: An In-Vitro Study

Received: 31 March 2021;  Published: 12 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103034

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used synthetic compound that has been identified as an endocrine disruptor. It has been linked to adverse health effects such as developmental defects, infertility in both men and women, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. There has been increased interest in BPA’s effects on the developing fetus and data has revealed that doses below the presumed safe dose can produce harmful effects. Orthodontic clear aligner therapy is a popular treatment modality that involves the patient we [...]

3113 41168

Open Access Original Research

A Highly-efficiency Position Sensorless Electric Vehicle Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive

Received: 02 May 2021;  Published: 11 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103037

Abstract

The development of high-efficiency motor drives for various applications is important in the industry 4.0 era, especially for their extensive application to electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, a position sensorless EV synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive has been developed, which exhibits good driving performance and efficiency over a wide speed and load range. To solve the key problems popularly encountered in the existing approaches, the high-frequency injection (HFI) scheme based on q-axis injection ha [...]

1871 11155

Open Access Review

The Science of the “Simile”

Received: 20 April 2021;  Published: 11 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103023

Abstract

Homeopathy is often attacked with claims of not being evidence-based or for the implausible nature of its major principles of dilution/potentization and/or the similars (“similia similibus curentur”). However, these statements have already been falsified on the experimental ground, besides being incorrect on an epistemological level. Here we provide an updated appraisal of the scientific approach to the principle of Similars and homeopathy, focusing on laboratory models. After a brief historical introdu [...]

2331 15118

Open Access Original Research

Effect of Recycled Rubber Particles on the Deicing Salt-Scaling Durability of Concrete

Received: 27 March 2021;  Published: 09 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103033

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of reused rubber particles (RRP) on the deicer salt durability of ordinary concrete. Four mixtures were designed, a control concrete (CC) and three other rubber concretes obtained by partial substitution of natural dune sand aggregate with reused rubber particles with 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% w/w. All studied concretes were subjected to the combined effect of freeze/thaw (56 and 120) cycles with the deicer salt solution of 3% NaCl. The results indicated that RRP improved the deic [...]

1653 9273

Open Access Research Article

Maintenance Optimization of Wind Turbines Using Weather-Dependent Equivalent Age Model

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 04 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103036

Abstract

Aging models are important input into wind farm maintenance and financial viability models. Aging of wind turbines depends on many factors, including both ambient and usage conditions. This paper presents a virtual age based maintenance model for wind turbines considering the effect of wind speed and ambient air temperature on turbine aging. Two maintenance thresholds (i.e., corrective threshold and preventive threshold) and three repair actions (i.e., unscheduled corrective, scheduled corrective and preventive act [...]

1840 13419

Open Access Original Research

A Comparative Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Fe-ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation and Microwave Method for Photovoltaic Applications

Received: 12 May 2021;  Published: 04 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103035

Abstract

Iron doped ZnO (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using two techniques that are economical as well as scalable to yield tunable properties of nanoparticles for facilitating down conversion in an absorbing layer of a solar cell. To evaluate the suitability of Fe-ZnO nanoparticles prepared by two deposition methods, we present a comparison of optical, electrical, and structural properties of Fe-ZnO using several experimental techniques. Structural properties were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy a [...]

2001 11351

Open Access Review

Epigenetics and Medicine

Received: 23 March 2021;  Published: 30 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103133

Abstract

“Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence” (https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/epigenetics.htm). Epigenetic interactions, along with the genetic expression in innate cells, change the structure and function of chromatin, and thus, turn the genes on and off. Epigenetic changes influence dise [...]

2043 10917

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of Surface Water Areal changes using Remote Sensing Data

Received: 23 October 2020;  Published: 29 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103019

Abstract

Inland water bodies are crucial for supporting human life in various parts of the world. Therefore, it is essential to accurately monitor its spatiotemporal variations for better water management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the application of remote sensing data for quantifying the surface area changes and the impact of climatological variabilities over Lakes Mead and Chapala. Historical time series of monthly surface area dynamics were developed using Landsat 1-8 scenes and the climate vari [...]

1930 12906

Open Access Review

Diagnosis and Therapy of Atrial Fibrillation in Geriatric Patients

Received: 16 January 2021;  Published: 28 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103178

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation is very common in most old patients who need an adapted therapy due to their comorbidities. Before initiating an antiarrhythmic therapy, possible adverse effects, especially iatrogenic proarrhythmia, and extracardiac side-effects, must be considered. In geriatric patients with atrial fibrillation, heart rate control is the most frequent therapy. Oral anticoagulation plays a vital role in the therapy, but anticoagulation in old patients, who had a bleeding or stroke event, is challenging. Availab [...]

1835 16362

Open Access Research Article

Effect of 12 Months of Oral Exercise on the Oral Function of Older Japanese Adults requiring Care

Received: 23 October 2020;  Published: 28 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103177

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between oral exercise and oral function among older adults requiring care in the nursing facilities of Japan. Methodology: The subjects were adults aged 65 years or above, requiring care and admitted to the nursing facilities for older adults in Japan. The subjects performed the assigned oral exercises, which included the exercises focused on the neck, shoulder, upper limbs, tongue, lips, cheek movement, vocalization, and deep breathing, in groups und [...]

1801 11094

Open Access Original Research

Experimental and Statistical Evaluation of the Interaction Effect of Recycled Aggregate and Water/Cement Ratio on Concrete Compressive Strength

Received: 07 March 2021;  Published: 28 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103032

Abstract

The production of concrete using recycled aggregates, obtained from the processing of construction and demolition waste, is extensively practiced worldwide. However, the effect of simultaneous adding fine recycled aggregate and the recycled coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete is still unfamiliar. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the water/cement ratio (WC Ratio), the fine recycled aggregate content (%FRA), the coarse recycled aggregate content (%CRA), as well as the interaction betw [...]

1875 11483

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials

Received: 09 March 2021;  Published: 26 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103031

Abstract

Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ dep [...]

2616 14187

Open Access Original Research

Assisted Phytostabilization of Acidic Polymetallic Mine Tailings Using Marble Waste and Native Plant Citrullus colocynthis: Effect on Soil, Plant, and Metal Uptake

Received: 29 December 2020;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103030

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the phytostabilization ability of the native Moroccan plant Citrullus colocynthis on the neutralization of soil acidity and stabilization of metallic trace elements (MTEs) assisted by marble waste. Mine tailings (MT) collected from an abandoned polymetallic site were mixed with powdered marble (PM) using different mixing ratios (%): (MTPM25), (MTPM50), (MTPM75), and agricultural soil (AS) acting as the control. Seeds of C. colocynthis were selected and planted under g [...]

1892 9143

Open Access Review

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Children: Controversial Role of Gluten and Diagnostic Enigma

Received: 07 July 2021;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103059

Abstract

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a debatable condition that affects less than 6% of children. The absence of specific diagnostic markers and standardized diagnostic procedures make the diagnosis of NCGS challenging, covering patients with different and varied symptoms. Generally, the parents of small and younger children introduce a gluten-free diet (GFD) based on their personal experiences and expectations. Additionally, a “fad component” exists, contributing to the recent rise in the popularity of GFD. Thu [...]

1333 5868

Open Access Research Article

Drainage in a Screw Press and Utilization of the Recovered Fibres after Thermo-Hydrolytic Disintegration of Waste Fibreboards

Received: 15 March 2021;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103029

Abstract

A thermo-hydrolytic disintegration process qualifies as a promising option for recycling the waste MDF and preserving the fibrous morphology of the recovered lignocellulosic fibre material. This study aims to include a drainage process between the thermo-hydrolytic disintegration and the further utilization of the recovered fibres (RF) obtained using a screw press for removing the disintegration water (DW). In this context, the chemical properties of the RF (pH, nitrogen content, formaldehyde emissions) and the DW [...]

2081 9744

Open Access Review

Regulation of Membrane Phospholipid Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Received: 21 December 2020;  Published: 21 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103176

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of neuropathological diseases that are currently incurable due to the irreversible neuronal loss. At the present rate of the world population growth, it is projected that the number of ND cases will double by the year of 2050. With treatments only available for symptom management and relief, disease prevention may yield significant benefits. Recently, there had been association drawn between the disruption of phospholipid (PL) homeostasis and the progression of N [...]

2472 16071

Open Access Review

Genetic, Social and Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease

Received: 20 December 2020;  Published: 21 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103104

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition which consists of stages of mental, memory, and cognitive decline. As it continues to stand as the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., 44 million people worldwide are affected. The objective of this paper is to explore the risk factors for AD in an attempt to examine potential causes for the incidence of AD. We examined genetics, lifestyle, and pre-existing conditions as risk factors for AD. We found that there are various alleles, such as APP, P [...]

1747 10403

Open Access Original Research

Predictors of Mid-Term Glomerular Filtration Rate after Deceased Donor Renal Transplantation: Kidney Donor Profile Index as a Predictor of Mid-Term GFR

Received: 17 March 2021;  Published: 20 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103150

Abstract

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an excellent indicator of renal function; however, it is rarely evaluated as an endpoint. We investigated donor and recipient factors for associations that might be predictive of mid-term GFR after renal transplantation. We performed a retrospective review of 828 deceased donor renal transplantations performed at Montefiore Medical Center between the years 2009-2015. Donor characteristics included KDPI, [low (<20%), medium (20-80%), high (>80%)], age, graft types [extended [...]

1586 10820

Open Access Review

Sarcopenia; An Endemic in the Times of Pandemic in Liver Transplantation

Received: 31 March 2021;  Published: 20 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103149

Abstract

Liver transplantation (LT) has grown monumentally in the last 40 years. Sarcopenia has emerged as an independent factor associated with increased mortality in patients with end stage liver disease. In this review we aim to shed light upon recent developments in assessment, clinical implications, management of sarcopenia in patients requiring a liver transplant. We also bring attention to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sarcopenia which ranges from the disease pathology to the unprecedented preventive measures ta [...]

2049 11701

Open Access Review

EnergyPlus-Towards the Selection of Right Simulation Tool for Building Energy and Power Systems Research

Received: 05 February 2021;  Published: 19 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103034

Abstract

This article offers the summary of detailed literature review on the state of the art of simulation tools for building energy and power system research. The fundamental capabilities required for building energy and power system analysis tools are outlined. A comparative review of different energy simulation tools is presented, along with the summary of their strengths and weaknesses. A review of energy simulation tool rankings using evidence-based research is presented. A novel aspect of this article is the investi [...]

4249 22762

Open Access Editorial

Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

Received: 29 June 2021;  Published: 19 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2103132

Abstract

Medical genetics plays an important role in the screening and prevention of numerous diseases. Thus, it is important to develop effective screening and prevention programs and improve the assessment of the susceptibility of diseases. The development of screening and prevention programs depends on the identification of early biomarkers (including functional and behavioral) for the risk and onset of the disease, and such programs need to be designed according to internationally accepted criteria. Cervical cancer repr [...]

2470 15056

Open Access Original Research

Suitability of Steel Making Slag as a Construction Material Resource

Received: 24 February 2021;  Published: 16 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103028

Abstract

One of the largest problems facing the steelmaking industry is the high amount of waste currently produced and the low amount of waste that is currently recycled. This study aims to look at the suitability of 3 different samples of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO2 adsorption analysis [...]

2752 19466

Open Access Original Research

Development of an Efficient Bi-Functional Catalyst made of a Novel Hybrid Material for Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 16 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2103001

Abstract

One-pot synthesis of mesoporous hybrid material consisting of Mn-Co/CoO nanoparticles encapsulated in an N-doped graphene shell decorated with Mo2C nanoparticles (Mo2C-NC@Mn-Co/CoO) was reported. The Mn and Mo components synergistically refined the graphitized carbons due to the interactions with N and C atoms while promoting the stability of the Co/CoO nanoparticles. These components exhibited a beneficial effect on the dispersion of the active metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and the formation of a mesoporous stru [...]

4629 17234

Open Access Review

A Review on the Application of the MPC Technology in Wind Power Control of Wind Farms

Received: 23 April 2021;  Published: 15 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103033

Abstract

Due to the uncertainty and volatility of wind speed, its natural output power also exhibits strong volatility. In order to avoid the negative effects of the excessive fluctuation of the output power of wind turbines in the wind farm and the power grid, it is very important to accurately predict and reasonably plan and control the output power of the wind farm. Model predictive control (MPC) is a type of advanced control method that can deal with a multi-input multi-output nonlinear system. Compared to the tradition [...]

2518 16796

Open Access Review

Why the Quantum Brain?

Received: 25 May 2021;  Published: 14 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103103

Abstract

This article reviews the modern approaches to the quantum brain hypothesis. The aim is to consider the hypothesis and its classical brain-machine alternative from a broad perspective, including physics, biology, computer science, cosmology, and metaphysics. My starting point is that asking whether consciousness can or cannot have free will is fundamentally incorrect. This aspect is challenged by both physics and neuroscience. The paper argues that the search for conscious free will, as it is typically tested in Lib [...]

2289 22204

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of Chinese Medicine for Rehabilitation of Discharged COVID-19 Patients: A Protocol for Multi-Center Observational Study

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 13 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103022

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 16 months, and there have been over 169 million confirmed cases worldwide. Besides, after treatment with Western medicine or undergoing home quarantine, COVID-19 patients are still severely or mildly functionally impaired. Though COVID-19 patients were discharged from the hospital, most of them still exhibit certain clinical symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and poor sleep. The syndromes, linked with the Chinese Medicine (CM) body constituti [...]

3861 13083

Open Access Review

Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Approaches to COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Received: 11 April 2021;  Published: 12 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103021

Abstract

Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches to COVID-19 represent a paradigm shift from Western medicine, in that TCIM emphasizes prevention, encouraging wellness, and supporting health and recovery. A wide range of TCIM approaches exist: whole medical systems (such as traditional Chinese medicine), mind-body approaches, biological therapies, body-based treatments, and energy therapies. TCIM is used to help people resist infection, but people with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms ofte [...]

2831 16035

Open Access Technical Note

Systemic Agro-Homeopathy: A New Approach to Agriculture

Received: 11 May 2021;  Published: 12 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103020

Abstract

Modern agriculture must meet the changing needs of society both in terms of food quality and with regards to the environmental issues related to primary production (e.g., biodiversity, habitats, the quality of water and air, and climate change). In this context, win-win solutions at the farm level are required, with more sustainable food production, as well as, a reduction in air, water, and soil pollution, and loss of biodiversity and natural resources. To address these issues, a new emerging discipline called “sy [...]

4191 109870

Open Access Original Research

The Timing of Endoscopic Evaluation of Anti-TNFα Therapy Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Received: 10 August 2020;  Published: 09 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103058

Abstract

Anti-TNFα Therapy are used to induce remission and as maintenance therapy in refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) to achieve mucosal healing (MH). However, the time at which mucosal healing should be assessed is unclear. We retrospectively examined the optimal timing for colonoscopy and the criteria to determine the need for the continuation of treatment. We evaluated 44 UC patients that were treated with anti-TNFα Therapy and categorized them into the following groups according to the degree of MH within 12 months: [...]

1071 5671

Open Access Case Report

Efficacy of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in HIV-Positive Patients

Received: 12 April 2021;  Published: 09 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103148

Abstract

Prior to the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was relatively contraindicated for multiple myeloma (MM) patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to issues associated with stem cell harvest and the risk of opportunistic infections. With the widespread use of ART for control of HIV, ASCT is now the preferred treatment for relapsed lymphoma, the leading hematopoietic malignancy associated with HIV/AIDS. Hence, MM patients with HIV controlled by ART may benefit [...]

1719 9409

Open Access Original Research

Normalized Difference Vegetative Index-related Assessment for Climate Change Impact on Indigenous Communities from High Resolution IKONOS Satellite Imagery in West Papua

Received: 29 October 2020;  Published: 09 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103018

Abstract

High-resolution satellite imagery permits acquisition of critical data to observe climate-change and environmental impact on conflict-impacted indigenous communities with co-existing socio-economic factors, often within unstable regimes. Conflict may prevent direct access in remote regions to validate civilian conflict actor evidence. In such cases use of remote sensing tools, techniques, and data are extremely important. Software-based imagery assessment can quantify radiometrically calibrated or Normalized Differ [...]

1917 12912

Open Access Research Article

Synthetical Optimal Design for Passive-Damped LCL Filters in Islanded AC Microgrid

Received: 19 May 2021;  Published: 08 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103032

Abstract

In AC microgrid systems, technical issues resulting from the power control effect are the power control method efficiency and the filter resonance since voltage-frequency interference and filtering resonance may cause significant control input reduction and oscillation. A simple and robust solution is to regulate active power flow by adding an optimal passive damping resistor. The optimal LCL filter parameterization process in this paper provides an innovative approach to obtain the optimal quality factor and the o [...]

2411 17267

Open Access Case Report

Impact of Osteophytectomy on Swallowing Function in a Patient with Chronic Dysphagia

Received: 01 November 2020;  Published: 07 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103175

Abstract

Anterior cervical osteophytes are common in the geriatric population. Dysphagia can occur in individuals suffering from these spinal abnormalities. Surgical intervention is an uncommon course of treatment for these patients, but is often utilized as a last resort with the hope of swallow recovery. The purpose of this article is to highlight a unique case study documenting the required treatment course for dysphagia associated with osteophytes and subsequent osteophytectomy. We review current literature of both cons [...]

1888 15054

Open Access Original Research

Measurements of Overwater Gust Factor from Near Surface to Beyond Common Hub Height: A Case Study

Received: 13 December 2020;  Published: 06 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103031

Abstract

In September 2020 Hurricane Sally affected the north central Gulf of Mexico. Making use of the anemometers data available at 4 oil rigs over the affected region, it is found that, when the atmospheric stability was near-neutral, the gust factor (G) decreases linearly with height from approximately 1.28 at 35m above the sea surface to 1.18 at 160 m. In other words, G decreases linearly at the rate around 8% per 100 m from the typical hub height to beyond common hub height. Based on the linear equation found in this [...]

1750 8609

Open Access Concept Paper

Correction of Sunglint Effects in High Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using SWIR or NIR Bands and Taking Account of Spectral Variation of Refractive Index of Water

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 05 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2103017

Abstract

Passive high spatial resolution hyperspectral and multispectral imaging systems in the solar spectral region from aircraft and satellite platforms are being increasingly used for remote sensing of coastal waters and inland lakes. However, the remotely sensed data are often contaminated by the specular reflection of solar radiation at the air/water interface. Thus, the effects of sunglint need to be corrected. The purpose of sunglint correction is to remove the undesired specular reflected portion of radiance that d [...]

2776 16946

Open Access Review

Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer

Received: 07 December 2020;  Published: 05 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103173

Abstract

Breast cancer and osteoporosis are both diseases of aging. The "one in eight" lifetime risks of breast cancer occur primarily in the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth decades of life. One-third of postmenopausal women will experience an osteoporotic fracture. It is the coalescence of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and breast cancer treatments that, in some cases, increases the risks of osteoporotic fracture. That makes it imperative to assess risk factors, screen, and prevent or treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal w [...]

1908 11466

Open Access Case Report

Macroscopic Aspergillus Infection at the Anastomosis of a Lung Transplant Recipient

Received: 25 October 2020;  Published: 03 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2103147

Abstract

A 65-year-old female with a history of right lung transplantation (LTx) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 9-years prior complicated by grade 3 bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) was admitted to the hospital for chest pain and dyspnea on exertion (DOE). Her bronchoscopy revealed fluffy, endobronchial lesions that were adherent to the right sided anastomosis resulting in mild obstruction of the right mainstem bronchus. Pathology from biopsies of the endobronchial lesions revealed hyphal fungal org [...]

1597 8709

Open Access Review

Dysphagia in the Older Age Setting

Received: 25 January 2021;  Published: 02 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2103174

Abstract

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common condition, especially among the elderly population and can become debilitating. As we age, there are subtle changes in esophageal motility, but by no means is dysphagia ever considered to be a normal result of aging. Dysphagia usually presents with a variety of accompanying symptoms ranging from regurgitation during meals, mild discomfort, to severe chest pain. It can be challenging to localize the dysphagia from the history. The underlying etiology may become eviden [...]

2120 19043

Open Access Short Communication

Lack of Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction in Xenotransplantation

Received: 29 December 2020;  Published: 30 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2102146

Abstract

It has been speculated that the immunomodulation associated with pregnancy, e.g., decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of T regulatory cells (Tregs), is in part due to the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In this study, we tested the effect of hCG on proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by irradiated pig PBMCs. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was carried out with human PBMCs as responders and irradiated wild- [...]

1814 9101

Open Access Original Research

Design and Implementation of a Laboratory Sucker Rod Pumping Unit Using Industry 4.0 Concepts

Received: 15 February 2021;  Published: 30 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102030

Abstract

The Industry 4.0 is here, and advanced technologies are widely available for domains such oil and gas which are traditionally slow in adopting extreme new technologies. This paper presents the design architecture and implementation of effective data acquisition (DAQ) and monitoring system applied to an experimental sucker rod pumping unit for both event occurrence and educational purpose using latest technological advancements and industry 4.0 principles. The designed framework allows control and monitoring of anal [...]

3047 15894

Open Access Research Article

Modeling Tile Drainage Outflow in Thin Agricultural Soils with Impermeable under Layer in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Received: 30 December 2020;  Published: 28 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102016

Abstract

Subsurface tile drainage installation helps to maintain water table levels and to meet adequate crop moisture requirements. Artificial subsurface drainage continues to be a common practice in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and elsewhere around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of DRAINMOD in simulating water table depth (WTD) and water outflow from tile drained agricultural fields. This site on the Avalon Peninsula of Eastern Newfoundland has a rolling landscape with predom [...]

2263 12515

Open Access Research Article

Numerical Investigation of Pyrotechnical Initiators and Their Impact in Airbag Inflator Applications: Ballistic Modeling and Functional Analysis

Received: 02 April 2021;  Published: 28 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102026

Abstract

A numerical model describing the ballistic behavior of a commercially used initiator is presented in this article. This model was built on the principle of conservation of mass and energy in the multi-phase framework incorporated with multi-loaded conditions. After obtaining the information about the grain size distribution in each composite, a fixing factor was proposed based on the surface area ratio of the composites. Thus, the solid propellant burning process based on distributed grain size was described, and t [...]

3531 18581

Open Access Review

Cytomegalovirus in Lung Transplant

Received: 15 March 2021;  Published: 27 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2102145

Abstract

Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with advanced lung diseases. Lung transplant outcomes have improved over time with improvements in the management of these complex patients. Cytomegalovirus is a common opportunistic organism affecting all solid organ transplant recipients. Characteristics unique to lung transplantation can make this virus difficult to manage, with myriad complications including graft failure and death. Ongoing research into and understanding of cytomegalovirus has opened ex [...]

3616 20242

Open Access Original Research

Influence of Aging, Sterilization, and Composition on the Degradation of Polyurethane Foams

Received: 05 April 2021;  Published: 25 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102025

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are highly attractive materials for medical devices. Specifically, SMP foams are currently being used as embolic devices in peripheral and cerebral vascular applications. To ensure the proper function and safety of these materials in their intended applications, it is important to understand how processing treatments, such as aging, sterilization, and foam composition can influence their degradation. Here, SMP foams were treated with industry relevant processing parameters, and the infl [...]

2451 13934

Open Access Original Research

Automated Probabilistic Analysis and Parametric Modelling of the Seasonal-Diurnal Wind Vector

Received: 14 April 2021;  Published: 25 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102027

Abstract

A refined and extended version of the Offset Elliptical Normal mixture model has been developed to parameterise the seasonal diurnal wind vector automatically. Automated using R scripts, the method eliminates any potential risk of confirmation bias posed by the manual supervision in the original method. Refinements to the method include the latest algorithms for clustering of Gaussian mixtures, with Bayesian regularisation to set the number of components and to limit the predisposition to overfit. A new extension u [...]

1778 9517

Open Access Review

Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

Received: 08 April 2021;  Published: 24 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102

Abstract

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a major health problem with one of the highest mortalities and treatment costs of any psychiatric condition. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the most widely used treatment for AN in adults but provides remission rates ≤ 50%. Treatment drop-out is exceedingly high and those that persevere with treatment often relapse, causing increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to find new interventions, especially as there are no approved pharmacological treat [...]

3845 33602

Open Access Review

Dynamic Behavior of Li in Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Studied using MeV Ion Beam Analysis Techniques

Received: 26 March 2021;  Published: 24 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102029

Abstract

In this review, various studies on the Li depth profiles of metal/electrolyte/metal capacitors and batteries of Au/LCO/LATP/Pt, LCO/LiPON/Si, and LMO/LiPON/NbO with different metal electrodes at both sides (by bias; LCO =LiCoO2, LATP =Li3.1Al0.86Ti1.14Ge1.27P1.73O12, LMO =LiMn2O4, NbO = Nb2O5) using the in-situ reflection ERD (ERD) technique with 9MeV O+4 ion beam and transmission ERD (TERD) technique with 5MeV He+2 ion beam, respectively, are described. For capacitors, the transport fraction of Li-ion in the elect [...]

1911 9962

Open Access Original Research

Development of Wind IPMSG Based Bipolar DC Microgrids

Received: 25 February 2021;  Published: 22 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102028

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a wind Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (IPMSG) based bipolar DC microgrids along with various switch-mode rectifiers. Firstly, the wind IPMSG is established and adequately controlled to possess satisfactory generating characteristics during different driven speeds and loads. Later, the boost switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based bipolar DC bus is established. Further, three-phase single-switch (3P1SW) boost SMR, three-phase two-switch (3P2SW) three-level boost SMR, [...]

1876 10138

Open Access Review

Use of α-Lactalbumin [α-La] from Whey as a Vehicle for Bioactive Compounds in Food Technology and Pharmaceutics: A Review

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 22 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102027

Abstract

Whey protein is a byproduct of cheese, casein, and Greek yogurt produced in Europe, North America, and Australasia. It is a substantial source of functional proteins and peptides for the worldwide food industry. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) is a globular protein that can be isolated from WPI (whey protein isolates) using techniques such as chromatography/gel filtration, membrane separation, etc. α-La is used in the elaboration of functional foods and is a very good source of peptides with anticancer, antimicrobial, antivir [...]

2335 14571

Open Access Case Report

Varicella-Zoster Gastritis in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Call to Attention

Received: 01 March 2021;  Published: 21 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2102057

Abstract

The reactivation of the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a rare cause of acute gastritis in adults. About 30 cases have been reported in the literature, mostly with immunocompromised patients and mainly after bone marrow transplantation or during the development of malignant hematological diseases. Clinically, it is usually accompanied by cutaneous manifestations. Here, we studied a case of VZV gastritis in a liver transplant (LT) patient. We described the main symptoms, endoscopic findings, histologic changes, and [...]

1215 5806

Open Access Review

A Review of the Multi-Physical Characteristics of Plant Aggregates and Their Effects on the Properties of Plant-Based Concrete

Received: 26 March 2021;  Published: 20 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102026

Abstract

The use of plant aggregates obtained from agricultural co-products mixed with mineral binders to form eco-friendly insulating building materials has been initiated for a few years to bring environmentally friendly solutions to the construction sector. Several studies on different agro-resources have already been carried out, providing various information about the properties of plant aggregates and plant-based concrete. However, the characteristics of the agricultural co-product, which allow it to qualify as a plan [...]

3077 24112

Open Access Original Research

Potential Impact of UWWT Effluent Discharges on Ruditapes decussatus: An Approach Using Biomarkers

Received: 09 April 2021;  Published: 19 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102015

Abstract

The use of biomarkers in bivalves has gained significance as a reliable method for the assessment of the presence and effect of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. However, it is important to note that the biomarkers respond not only to contaminant loadings and bioavailability but also to environmental stress. Therefore, the association between biomarkers and contamination/pollution should be conducted cautiously as the environmental factors also affect their response. These factors should be integrated into the as [...]

1540 10283

Open Access Original Research

Estimating Met-Ocean Parameters during a Tropical Cyclone for Marine Science and Engineering

Received: 16 April 2021;  Published: 16 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102025

Abstract

During a tropical cyclone (TC) worldwide, the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorological Branch (RAMMB) of NOAA/NESDIS (http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/) issues real-time TC surface wind analyses. The purpose of this article is to provide value-added estimations of several meteorological and oceanographic (met-ocean) parameters including overwater friction velocity and turbulence intensity, variation of the wind speed with height, significant wave height, peak or dominant wave period, wind-driven currents and wind-stres [...]

2201 11939

Open Access Opinion

Establishing and Evaluating a Multidisciplinary Community-Based Sleep Clinic for Children with Neurodevelopmental Difficulties in Inner London

Received: 31 January 2021;  Published: 15 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102101

Abstract

We describe our experience of setting up and evaluating a community-based multi-disciplinary sleep service for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and psychosocial vulnerabilities.Referrals are accepted for children (1-18 years of age) with persistent sleep problems, and neurodevelopmental difficulties or significant psychosocial adversity, living in two inner-city boroughs.Holistic sleep assessment involves 1-hour Paediatrician-led consultation, often followed by Psychologist-led parent workshop, with follo [...]

1826 9917

Open Access Research Article

The PBAR Protocol: Antipsychotic Medication Reduction in the Nursing Home

Received: 24 November 2020;  Published: 15 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2102172

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) occur in almost all persons living with dementia. Antipsychotic medications are often prescribed inappropriately for persons living with dementia who experience NPS. Adverse side effects of antipsychotic medications include falls, sedation, cognitive dysfunction, prolonged QTc interval, extrapyramidal side effects, cerebrovascular events, metabolic changes, infection, and mortality. The purpose of this descriptive quality improvement project was to test the feasibility and preliminar [...]

1934 326576

Open Access Original Research

The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants

Received: 24 March 2021;  Published: 15 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102024

Abstract

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it [...]

1955 9556

Open Access Original Research

Performance Investigation of a Nickel Cermet Anode Modified with Copper, Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide, Boron, and Perovskite for Direct Methane Fuel Cell

Received: 26 April 2021;  Published: 11 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102024

Abstract

The metallic copper, alkaline earth metal oxide, boron, and perovskite were incorporated on the surface of a Ni-cermet anode, and the performance of the modified Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) anode was evaluated. The cell performance was analyzed by voltage-current characteristics (V-I curve) and H2-CH4 step reactions (P-t curve) in a potentiostatic mode. Besides, we also determined if a metallic phase or high electronic conductivity of the anode is important for a cell to perform well when H2 is used as a fuel, whe [...]

2338 12977

Open Access Research Article

Modelling the Cumulative Number of COVID-19 Cases

Received: 14 April 2021;  Published: 10 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102014

Abstract

Each country has its own characteristics of COVID-19 infection trajectory and epidemic waves. Differences in government-implemented restrictions and social regulations result in variability of the virus transmissions and spread dynamics. This in turn results in various shapes of the growth function used to represent and describe the propagation of infection. Statistical methods are applied to fit non-linear functions to represent daily time-series data of the cumulative numbers of COVID-19 cases. The aim of this wo [...]

2421 12939

Open Access Research Article

Effects of Oxygen on Renal Function and Oxidative Stress During Hypothermic Machine Perfusion in an Experimental Porcine Model of Kidney Donation after Cardiac Death

Received: 22 December 2020;  Published: 10 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2102144

Abstract

The efficacy and safety of using high concentrations of oxygen during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) have not been fully elucidated to date. This study investigated the impact of administering high concentrations of oxygen on renal function during HMP in a porcine donation after circulatory death (DCD), as well as the metabolic and biochemical effects of this method. A randomized nonblinded cohort study was established in a porcine transplant (KT) model mimicking Maastricht type III DCD under oxygen-supplement [...]

1693 10406

Open Access Original Research

An Ab Initio Study of Li/Ni-doped NaxMeO2 Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries

Received: 02 November 2020;  Published: 10 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102022

Abstract

The current state-of-the-art quantum mechanics methodologies were applied to derive information on the bulk and surface properties of the P2-type layered oxide Na0.85Li0.17Ni0.21Mn0.64O2 (NLNMO), a cathode material. The special quasi-random structure (SQS) approach was employed to identify the arrangement of Li, Ni, and Mn ions in a supercell containing 115 atoms. Both the cell parameters and atomic positions were determined from DFT-PBE+U calculations to highlight specific distortions induced by the dopants (Ni an [...]

2327 12272

Open Access Original Research

The Trails Making Test. Does a Single Trial Reflect Performance Capability?

Received: 08 January 2021;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102100

Abstract

Information processing speed (Reaction time, RT) to a single administration of the Trails A and Trails B components of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is used in the assessment of brain and behavioural functional integrity across the lifespan in both clinical and research contexts. Although the clinical utility of such single trial-related and thus rapidly gained results, is recognised, it is possible that its administration as a single trial only, precludes its ability to provide a more in-depth and thus relevant repr [...]

2395 33565

Open Access Research Article

Stenting of the esophagus in the course of the malignant dysphagia in elderly patients

Received: 26 October 2020;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2102171

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is a disease with difficult clinical management, and palliative therapy is the only predominant treatment. This retrospective study analyses the results of clinical management of elderly patients (>75 years of age) who were treated with esophageal stenting for malignant dysphagia due to primary esophageal cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), as well as secondary esophageal malignant strictures due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with [...]

1728 12048

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