Register or Submit a manuscript.
Table of Content

Open Access Review

Fructose Increases Uric Acid Contributing to Metabolic Syndrome - Herbal, Nutritional and Dietary Strategies to Reduce Uric Acid

Received: 09 July 2018;  Published: 28 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803022

Abstract

The metabolism of fructose by the liver produces uric acid and elevated serum uric acid levels are an independent risk factor for hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Fructose occurs in fruits and fruit juices, honey as well as in the sweeteners sucrose (common white sugar) and High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). Dietary fructose may be considered a naturally occurring toxin because it is largely metabolised by the liver with little fructose reaching the systemic blood circulation. Uric acid i [...]

2872 191832

Open Access Review

Potentially Beneficial Effects of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Received: 27 June 2018;  Published: 27 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803021

Abstract

St. John’s wort (SJW), or Hypericum perforatum, is a perennial herb that is used to treat depression in several countries. Based on the available evidence, it can be hypothesized that SJW would also have beneficial prophylactic and therapeutic effects in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this review, we summarize and discuss the best designed studies that have investigated the effects of SJW extract on adipocyte differentiation, the inflammatory process, and glucose metabolism, all of which are relevant to [...]

2000 15479

Open Access Original Research

Thai Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Treatment

Received: 25 April 2018;  Published: 24 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803020

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and a serious global health problem. Over 400 million people suffer from diabetes and it is estimated that the number will dramatically increase in the future. The cost of diabetes treatment for individual patients is very high. However, traditional knowledge could be used to support conventional diabetes treatments. Here, we identify medicinal plants that have been used as treatments for diabetes based on Thai ethnobotanical knowledge. Methods: We present a literature r [...]

2759 20481

Open Access Opinion

Pain in Oncology, Reality and Paradox of Homeopathic Care

Received: 31 May 2018;  Published: 15 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803019

Abstract

Background: After fatigue, pain is one of the major complaints from cancer patients. Regular use of Class 1 analgesics may cause side effects and is not always sufficient to relieve pain. Homeopathy is the complementary and integrative medicine most frequently used in France in supportive care in oncology (SCO). What is its place in the treatment of pain? Method: Extraction and analysis of results concerning pain from three surveys, two of which were carried out in France, on the main indications of homeopathy in S [...]

1965 24080

Open Access Review

A Review of the Efficacy of Yoga and Meditation-Based Interventions for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Received: 27 June 2018;  Published: 05 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803018

Abstract

Background: This paper presents a review of the evidence regarding the efficacy and impact of Yoga and mindfulness with meditation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients who suffer from RA express a variety of symptoms that negatively impact their physical functioning and performance in social roles. Yoga and meditation-based therapies have been previously used to manage chronic pain conditions and other persisting disorders in affected populations. The suitability and effectiveness of these practi [...]

1970 11826

Open Access Original Research

Homeopathy and Complementary Integrative Medicine, Dietary and Lifestyle Advices to Reduce Adverse-Effects of Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Cohort Study with Breast Cancer Patients

Received: 28 March 2018;  Published: 03 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803017

Abstract

Background: To manage the adverse effects of anti-cancer treatment, the Homeopathic Clinic of Lucca collaborated with the oncology department of the the Health Unit Toscana North West Lucca and set up an Integrative Oncology Outpatient Unit in the Public Hospital Campo di Marte. Aim: The purpose of this study was to present the results of the homeopathic and complementary integrative medicine treatment targeted at reducing the adverse effects of anti-cancer therapy and cancer symptoms, and to give dietary and lifes [...]

2271 21968

Open Access Original Research

Homeopathy and Cancer – Some Conceptual Issues

Received: 06 June 2018;  Published: 23 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803016

Abstract

This paper explores some of the conceptual issues that arise when comparing homeopathy with the mainstream medical system, both in terms of their underpinning philosophies and in their treatment methods, and especially when applied to the problem of cancer. A review is under-taken of the key concepts that underpin both medical approaches: the holistic approach of homeopathy and the reductionist approach of mainstream medicine. The article closes with a discussion of the emerging conflicts between classical homeopat [...]

2287 36397

Open Access Original Research

The Four-Facet Model of Eudaimonic Resilience and Its Relationships with Mindfulness, Perceived Stress and Resilience

Received: 10 July 2018;  Published: 21 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803015

Abstract

Elevated levels of psychological distress in university students is a growing area of concern as it is associated with a variety of consequences including mental illness symptoms, absenteeism, and poor academic performance. A growing body of research has indicated that resilience in university students is associated with reduced psychological distress and perceived stress. The construct of resilience and the factors that contribute to its development are not well understood, hampering the development of effective i [...]

1753 11085

Open Access Original Research

Emotional Freedom Techniques for Food Cravings in Overweight Adults: A Comparison of Treatment Length

Received: 17 May 2018;  Published: 02 July 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803014

Abstract

(1) Background: Because patients vary in their response to treatment, including adherence, the effect of treatment length in the use of EFT on food cravings was examined by comparing two studies in order to ascertain if shorter programs are as effective. This may then impact treatment adherence and completion. (2) Methods: In study one, 96 overweight and obese adults were randomly allocated to a 4-week treatment for their food craving or waitlist condition. In study two, an 8-week EFT program for 47 adults, the sam [...]

1966 10633

Open Access Case Report

Living with Spondylolisthesis with (Relative) Equanimity

Received: 23 April 2018;  Published: 02 July 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1803013

Abstract

Objectives: Living with any chronic pain condition is a challenge that can be met when one reduces reactivity to the sensory and evaluative aspects of it. The aim of this case study is to show how a clinical psychologist with expertise in chronic illness applied Buddhist principles to her own experience. Methods: When one realizes that suffering is the combination of pain plus resistance then one can learn how to accept rather than exacerbate it. Applying the Four Noble Truths from Buddhist psychology to understand [...]

1772 9449

Open Access Communication

Auricular Interventions in Neurology: the Vascular Autonomic Signal Challenge

Received: 09 May 2018;  Published: 25 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802012

Abstract

The Auricular approach to diagnostics and therapeutics has gained momentum over the last 15 years. Battlefield Acupuncture has taken on a life of its own and has been adopted into NATO and even been introduced into neonatal intensive care. It is time to take on the challenge of Auricular Medicine - the application of the neurophysiological phenomenon referred to as the Vascular Autonomic Signal or VAS to identify active ear sites in Auricular interventions. It is time to utilize the VAS in therapeutics, recognizing [...]

2136 12405

Open Access Review

The Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Received: 28 March 2018;  Published: 25 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802011

Abstract

Background: An increasing number of patients and practitioners are using mindfulness meditation programs despite uncertainty about the evidence supporting these programs’ health benefits. Aim: To review the current evidence on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) among patients with depression comorbid medical conditions and those with major depressive disorder. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycINFO was performed [...]

2021 12033

Open Access Original Research

A Multi-modal Intervention after Stroke: The Caregiver Experience

Received: 07 March 2018;  Published: 11 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802010

Abstract

Background: A fall prevention intervention was delivered to people with chronic stroke (Merged Yoga and Occupational Therapy intervention-MY-OT). All caregivers were invited to also attend the 8-week intervention and were included in these analyses. Methods: The aim of this study was to examine changes in caregiver burden, positive aspects of caring, and caregiver's experiences after participating in the MY-OT intervention. This was a secondary data analyses and the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to quanti [...]

1819 9995

Open Access Review

Healthcare Clowning: Use of Specific Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Hospitalized Children

Received: 16 February 2018;  Published: 31 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802009

Abstract

Clowning has a varied tradition and a long history. Recently, clowns have been adopted in the medical setting with the aim of decreasing the negative emotions that can be experienced during hospitalization and medical procedures, as well as inducing positive feelings in patients, their relatives, and the hospital staff. Due to an increase in the number of clowns working in hospitals and the large amount of interest shown in utilizing this approach, an increasing number of studies have focused on testing the efficac [...]

2168 13271

Open Access Case Report

Dietary Supplements in Dyslipidemia

Received: 04 March 2018;  Published: 23 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802008

Abstract

Lifestyle and dietary interventions can have a significant impact on patients with dyslipidemia and should be encouraged with the use of dietary supplements. With new research, there is evidence that using dietary supplements, specifically nutraceuticals can be helpful for cholesterol management. Four commonly used supplements are: Red Yeast Rice, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Niacin and Berberine.

1699 8765

Open Access Original Research

Leveraging Mindfulness to Build Resilience and Professional Quality of Life in Human Service Professionals

Received: 04 April 2018;  Published: 15 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802007

Abstract

Objective: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown promise in cultivating resilience and are widely accepted as efficacious in the treatment of a range of psychological disorders. This paper explores the feasibility of a Mindful-Awareness and Resilience Skills Training (MARST) program to enhance mindfulness and resilience, as a means of increasing psychological well-being and alleviating burnout and compassion fatigue in human service professionals. Method: In this randomised control trial, 46 human servi [...]

2129 15836

Open Access Original Research

Mindfulness Meditation in College Students to Advance Health Equity

Received: 21 February 2018;  Published: 15 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802006

Abstract

Purpose: High levels of mindfulness correspond with some positive health behaviors such as exercise participation, fruit and vegetable intake, and effective stress management. This study provided mindfulness meditation during an academic semester to a group of predominantly minority college students derived from a population in which 77.9% of the students are considered economically disadvantaged, to assess the effects of mindful meditation on various health behaviors and mindfulness to combat avoidable health ineq [...]

1886 12394

Open Access Review

How Can Acupuncture Be Used in Treating Dementia?

Received: 02 March 2018;  Published: 23 April 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802005

Abstract

Background: Dementia erodes the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, and the growing dementia population threatens public finance in the health and social services. In addition to formal medical treatments, complementary and alternative medicine is applicable to dementia, in which acupuncture has become an option for prevention, remedy, and rehabilitation. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical method that uses needle penetration at acupoints (specific points throughout the body which will be sti [...]

2021 11948

Open Access Editorial

Application of Additive Homeopathy in Cancer Patients

Received: 07 April 2018;  Published: 20 April 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802004

Abstract

Oncology patients often suffer from the side-effects of conventional therapy, such as chemotherapy, radiation and/or surgery. Additive complementary medicine, such as homeopathy might be beneficial in the support of these patients. Several case reports as well as some studies have suggested the beneficial effects of homeopathy in cancer patients. Furthermore, homeopathy may also be helpful in improving quality of life (QoL). Homeopathic remedies also offer the advantage that they can be combined with a variety of c [...]

1692 9455

Open Access Case Report

Miraculous Healings of Chronic Lyme disease, Fibromyalgia and Sarcoidosis without the Use of Pharmaceuticals or Antibiotics

Received: 09 March 2018;  Published: 12 April 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1802003

Abstract

While “miraculous healings” of various disease states have been scientifically reported previously, the exact mechanism, which allow for these seeming miracles or spontaneous remissions is poorly understood. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] By contrast, the mechanism of action underlying the “miraculous healings” in the three case studies reported herein: Sarcoidosis, Chronic Lyme disease and Fibromyalgia seems to be understood with greater clarity, as these case reports are representative of the many hundreds [...]

2058 20842

Open Access Review

Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver - Therapies in Ayurvedic Medicines

Received: 10 February 2018;  Published: 28 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1801002

Abstract

Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medicinal practice. The present review includes translational research characterizing obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We reviewed published research on improving function through Ayurvedic medicine by searching electronic databases (Medline, Embase) using terms such as: Ayurveda, obesity, NAFLD, NASH, the effect of exercise interventions in obesity, change in body composition. We aim to (1) determine the immuno-pathology of [...]

1893 19261

Open Access Communication

Open Dialogue and the Impact of Therapist Mindfulness on the Health of Clients

Received: 28 January 2018;  Published: 27 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1801001

Abstract

The value of mindfulness for clinical staff in the mental health field has thus been increasingly recognised over recent year and thus is now culminating in the evaluation and, potential future role out, of whole system approaches like Open Dialogue that put clinician mindfulness at the heart of the model. It is anticipated that this will ultimately be for the benefit of both staff and clients of these services alike, creating improvements and improving lives, therefore, on many levels.

1876 8735

Open Access Editorial

Auricular Medicine

Received: 07 November 2017;  Published: 10 November 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1704004

Abstract

The treatment by auricular therapy has a long history. Ear acupoint research has been advancing step by step worldwide [1-17] . The introduction of lasers into medicine brought besides the already existing stimulation with needles, electricity, pressure and liquids an additional technique to auricular acupuncture.

1660 8972

Open Access Review

Spirituality in Medical Acupuncture

Received: 02 May 2017;  Published: 20 July 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1703003

Abstract

Spirituality may be generally conceptualized as the precious, personal path of our apparently soulful vital energy within the context of the power of our compassionate consciousness. The body, mind and spirit encompasses a constantly inspiring vital energetic field that must be in diligent interaction and harmony in the interest of past, present and future generations. In the clinical application of the healing arts and sciences, as physicians or other dedicated health care providers of whatever nation, race, cultu [...]

1667 8180

Open Access Review

Healthcare-Related Qigong for the Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Diseases

Received: 19 February 2017;  Published: 08 May 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1702002

Abstract

Qigong is a form of traditional Chinese exercise combining breathing, movement, and meditation to improve fitness for the purpose of preventing disease and prolonging life. We review the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanism of the application of Qigong in the healthcare setting. In addition, we discuss topics such as the impacts on respiratory, cardiovascular function, and immune function, as well as studies of the influences on brain function and mental health. In summary, there is strong evidence of the cli [...]

1889 11588

Open Access Original Research

Modulation of Excitability of Spinal Neural Functions by Acupoint Stimulation Physical Therapy at LU5 (Chize) in Three Hemiplegic Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

Received: 21 January 2017;  Published: 20 February 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1701001

Abstract

(1) Background: Acupoint stimulation physical therapy (ASPT) is a novel method of physical therapy that combines physical and acupuncture methods. This study aimed to examine the effect of ASPT in three hemiplegic patients with cerebrovascular disease using F-wave as a measure of the excitability of spinal neural function. (2) Methods: Subjects included three hemiplegic patients with cerebrovascular disease who presented with three types of neurological findings. All patients had moderate hypertonic muscles on the [...]

1523 8617

Open Access Research Article

Effects of Acupuncture at the Left Weizhong Acupoint on Heart Rate Variability in Thirty Post-Stroke Patients—Results from a Transcontinental Teleacupuncture Study

Received: 08 June 2016;  Published: 23 August 2016;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1601003

Abstract

(1) Background: Within this study, we assessed the effects of acupuncture on heart rate variability (HRV) in Chinese post-stroke patients. (2) Methods: In 30 Chinese post-stroke patients (14 f, 16 m; mean age ± SD 64.3 ± 3.8 years; range 40 - 80 years) electrocardiographic signals before, during and after acupuncture at the left Weizhong acupoint (BL40) were recorded in Harbin and analyzed in Graz using teleacupuncture via internet. HRV data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and a protoco [...]

1524 8834

Open Access Original Research

Modernization of Acupuncture Education in Europe and China: A Report from Austria

Received: 24 May 2016;  Published: 17 August 2016;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1601002

Abstract

The present report deals with some current important aspects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education and practice in Europe and China. The data and facts are based on a lecture of one of the authors (G.L.) prepared for a conference in Wuhan about acupuncture education in Europe, and lectures of two high-ranking representatives of renowned Chinese institutions (State Administration of TCM and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin). In addition to current figures regarding TCM in general, the ad [...]

1849 21997

Open Access Editorial

ICM-OBM—There’s No Better Way to Publish Your Complementary Medical, Basic and Clinical Research Results

Received: 27 May 2016;  Published: 15 August 2016;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1601001

Abstract

Integrative and Complementary Medicine (ICM-OBM) is an international peer-reviewed, open-access journal which covers all evidence-based scientific studies on integrative and complementary approaches to improving health and quality of life. Integrative and complementary medicine comprises science-oriented “university” or academic medicine, but also experience-based medicine with all its complementary methods. It is not a special field in itself, but a signal for an all-encompassing medicine, open-minded about the p [...]

1492 9650

Open Access Review

Piperine: A Savor Inducer and a Cancer Reducer

Received: 26 July 2021;  Published: 15 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103061

Abstract

Spices have been used for many decades, and although new and improved culinary spices have been developed, black pepper (Piper nigrum) continues to retain its distinguished title as the “King of spices” due to its particular pungent taste. An alkaloid called piperine is the main component in black pepper that, besides generating the well-known taste, imparts well-documented immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and even anti-cancer properties; these properties have led to rigorous researc [...]

1002 8232

Open Access Review

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in the Newborn: Pathologic Event or Does Spit Happen?

Received: 19 April 2021;  Published: 13 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103060

Abstract

Infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are among the most vulnerable patients in medicine and are at risk for a variety of morbidities, many of which require pharmacologic therapy. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common diagnosis in the NICU patient population and may or may not represent a truly pathologic process. Regardless, pharmacologic therapy is provided to many infants, who are already exposed to an inordinate number of pharmacologic agents, of which most are off label and hav [...]

1099 8209

Open Access Review

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Children: Controversial Role of Gluten and Diagnostic Enigma

Received: 07 July 2021;  Published: 22 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103059

Abstract

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a debatable condition that affects less than 6% of children. The absence of specific diagnostic markers and standardized diagnostic procedures make the diagnosis of NCGS challenging, covering patients with different and varied symptoms. Generally, the parents of small and younger children introduce a gluten-free diet (GFD) based on their personal experiences and expectations. Additionally, a “fad component” exists, contributing to the recent rise in the popularity of GFD. Thu [...]

1196 5502

Open Access Original Research

The Timing of Endoscopic Evaluation of Anti-TNFα Therapy Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Received: 10 August 2020;  Published: 09 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2103058

Abstract

Anti-TNFα Therapy are used to induce remission and as maintenance therapy in refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) to achieve mucosal healing (MH). However, the time at which mucosal healing should be assessed is unclear. We retrospectively examined the optimal timing for colonoscopy and the criteria to determine the need for the continuation of treatment. We evaluated 44 UC patients that were treated with anti-TNFα Therapy and categorized them into the following groups according to the degree of MH within 12 months: [...]

977 5366

Open Access Case Report

Varicella-Zoster Gastritis in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Call to Attention

Received: 01 March 2021;  Published: 21 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2102057

Abstract

The reactivation of the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a rare cause of acute gastritis in adults. About 30 cases have been reported in the literature, mostly with immunocompromised patients and mainly after bone marrow transplantation or during the development of malignant hematological diseases. Clinically, it is usually accompanied by cutaneous manifestations. Here, we studied a case of VZV gastritis in a liver transplant (LT) patient. We described the main symptoms, endoscopic findings, histologic changes, and [...]

1101 5423

Open Access Review

The Effects of Mediterranean Diet on the Human Gut Microbiota; a Brief Discussion of Evidence in Humans

Received: 09 November 2020;  Published: 05 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2101056

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns due to its rich provision of phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins, fiber, polyunsaturated, omega-3, and short-chain fatty acids through a variety of foods. The supply of such nutrients and bioactive components can support gut health and reduce systemic inflammation, with accumulating evidence from several human studies demonstrating the utility of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of chronic and metabolic diseases. Further stu [...]

1338 7864

Open Access Commentary

Deconstructing then Priming Gut Microbiota Resilience

Received: 11 December 2020;  Published: 01 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2101055

Abstract

The human intestinal microbiota represents a complex microbial community that plays an essential role in the maintenance of host health. Over the last decade, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have revealed the influence of intestinal microbial diversity and composition on a range of biological functions in the host. While overall taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiome is informative, changes in spatial dynamics within the community also have profound biological significance as microbial functions ar [...]

1319 8102

Open Access Editorial

Acknowlegement to Reviewers of OBM Hepatology and Gastroenterology in 2020

Received: 04 January 2021;  Published: 05 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2101054

Abstract

The editors of OBM Hepatology and Gastroenterology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2020. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificat [...]

1081 5652

Open Access Original Research

Multi-Species Probiotic Modulates Cytokine Production and the Interplay between Immune and Colon Cancer Cells

Received: 28 June 2020;  Published: 19 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2004053

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a multi-species probiotic (MSP) on cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their immune dialogue with HT-29 colon cancer cells. PBMCs were incubated with MSP and their effect on cell proliferation and TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-10, and IL-1ra production was evaluated. The impact of MSP on the cytokine production by PBMC stimulated by HT-29 cells was detected. Not-stimulated PBMC incubated with MSP showed increased produc [...]

1369 7403

Open Access Review

The Physiology of Esophageal Reflexes

Received: 17 August 2020;  Published: 02 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2004052

Abstract

Several digestive tract reflexes involving the esophagus and its sphincter muscles have been identified, but to date, no comprehensive review has addressed most of these reflexes. The current review presents the known physiology of different esophageal reflexes in which either the esophagus or its sensory or motor portion of the reflex response is elaborated. The current review comprehensively examines the known and possible mechanisms underlying major esophageal reflexes, highlights the huge gaps in current knowle [...]

2191 8734

Open Access Case Report

Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease with Obliterative Portal Venopathy Associated with Long-Term Azathioprine for Crohn’s Disease

Received: 04 March 2020;  Published: 25 September 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2003051

Abstract

Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease may be susceptible to non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, now referred to as porto-sinusoidal vascular disease. Here we describe a patient treated with long-term azathioprine for Crohn’s disease who developed porto-sinusoidal vascular disease with obliterative portal venopathy without nodular regenerative hyperplasia on histology. Specific signs of portal hypertension were present, including porto-systemic collaterals on imaging. Histopathol [...]

1509 7979

Open Access Review

Human Gut Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Received: 06 March 2020;  Published: 07 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2003050

Abstract

The human gut is a house to approximately 1,000 different species of bacteria. The bacterial composition of gut microbiota is influenced by several factors, including age, sex, mode of delivery, geographical location, ethnicity, diet, drugs, and administration of prebiotics and/or probiotics. Similarly, human health depends on the composition of gut microbiome, with gut bacteria playing a crucial role in human physiology. For instance, gut microbiota synthesizes vitamins and amino acids, and affects the biotransfor [...]

1515 8467

Open Access Review

Use of Organs from Hepatitis C Viremic Donors: Addressing the Needs of a Changing Waitlist and the Effect of a Public Health Crisis

Received: 14 May 2020;  Published: 20 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2003049

Abstract

The combination of broad screening initiatives and development of effective antiviral therapies have led to a revolution in the treatment of hepatitis C virus and has reduced the proportion of patients with the virus who develop a need for liver transplantation in favor of other etiologies, such as alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the opioid epidemic and rise in injection drug use in the United States has simultaneously led to otherwise healthy hepatitis C viremic patients d [...]

1426 6597

Open Access Original Research

Prevalence of Chronic Constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and their Overlap, among Female Undergraduate Students in Japan

Received: 10 April 2020;  Published: 19 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2002048

Abstract

Chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, both of which negatively affect the quality of life of the patients. Since people may have co-existing symptoms of multiple disorders, chronic constipation and IBS with predominant constipation cannot be clearly distinguished. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires to assess the prevalence of chronic constipation and IBS, and their overlap, among [...]

1307 7919

Open Access Original Research

Association between Sleep Deprivation and Metformin Treatment on Pancreatic and Liver Function in Mice

Received: 10 March 2020;  Published: 18 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2002047

Abstract

Metformin has been widely used as a therapeutic drug for hyperglycemia and diabetes. Sleep is a vital and restorative process that is necessary for the proper functioning of organs. Sleep deprivation can induce multi-organ injury, including damage to the pancreas and liver that may result in hyperglycemia and diabetes. We studied the role of metformin in reversing sleep deprivation-induced hyperglycemia and pancreatic and liver dysfunction in mice. Mice were kept in cages and fed water and food ad libitum. Mice wer [...]

1336 8776

Open Access Review

Can HCV Viremic Organs Be Used in Liver Transplantation to HCV Negative Recipients?

Received: 02 February 2020;  Published: 24 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2002046

Abstract

Liver transplantation has steadily increased worldwide resulting in a large number of patients on the waiting list. Due to the opioid epidemic in the US, the pool of Hepatitis C seropositive donors increased significantly in recent years. Direct acting antivirals played an instrumental role in making liver transplantation with hepatitis C positive allograft an acceptable option. Although hepatitis C positive liver transplantation to hepatitis C positive recipients is a common practice, there is limited data and agr [...]

1400 7323

Open Access Review

Low Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Ambulatory Asymptomatic Cirrhotic Patients: Consequences in Patients’ Care

Received: 21 August 2019;  Published: 15 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2002045

Abstract

The literature on the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic outpatients who visited the hospital for therapeutic abdominal paracentesis was reviewed in order to assess the usefulness of urinary strips in this setting. The authors reviewed the studies published as peer-reviewed articles on the prevalence of SBP in ambulatory outpatients who visited the hospital for therapeutic paracentesis. Five such studies were available in the literature. It was found that the prevalence of SBP was in [...]

1202 6632

Open Access Opinion

Vitamin D in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Receiving the Direct Antiviral Agents

Received: 23 February 2020;  Published: 30 March 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2001044

1414 6782

Open Access Comment

On the Pathogenesis of Crohn´s Disease

Received: 07 February 2020;  Published: 09 March 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2001043

1353 6662

Open Access Review

Endoscopic Therapy for Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis

Received: 17 October 2019;  Published: 23 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904042

Abstract

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is a clinical entity characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis which occurs on more than one occasion. Recurrence of pancreatitis generally occurs in a setting of a normal anatomical and functional gland, however, a chronic disease at early stage may be found either on the occasion of the first episode of pancreatitis or during the follow-up. The etiology of RAP can be identified in up to 70% of cases; for the remaining cases the term “idiopathic” is used. Most common caus [...]

1347 7577

Open Access Original Research

The Daclatasvir/Asunaprevir/Beclabuvir Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Experiencing Failure of IFN-Free DAA-Based Therapies

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904041

Abstract

Background: Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir (DCV/ASV/BCV) combination therapy had been available for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype 1 (CHG1) in Japan. Our aim was to report the efficacy and safety of DCV/ASV/BCV in patients experiencing treatment failure with interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA)-based therapies, which have not been fully evaluated. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 12-week DCV/ASV/BCV combination therapy for CHG1 patients experien [...]

1277 7813

Open Access Case Report

Hypereosinophilia with Gastrointestinal Involvement: A Case Report

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 22 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904040

Abstract

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is currently defined by an absolute blood eosinophil count of more of 1500 cell per μL for more than 1 month and by multiorgan system infiltration. Eosinophilic colitis is an exceptionally rare inflammatory condition in which eosinophils infiltrate the colonic gut. It represents the least frequent manifestation of the wide spectrum of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We describe a case of an adult male patient with persistent eosinophilia for at least twenty-five years. During thi [...]

1426 9405

Open Access Review

Platelet Function in Experimental Models of Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 15 May 2019;  Published: 01 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904039

Abstract

(1) Background: Platelet function is commonly altered in liver cirrhosis. In experimenta models of liver cirrhosis we have analyzed the mechanisms of this defective function. (2) Methods: Experiments were performed in a model of liver cirrhosis by bile duct-ligation in washed platelets by means of fluorescence spectroscopy with fura-2. (3) Results: We have found several alterations compatible with the existence of a hyperaggregatory state. These alterations are related to a defective platelet calcium handling, spec [...]

1380 6925

Open Access Case Report

Primary Pancreatic-Type Acinar Cell Carcinoma of Jejunum Arising from Ectopic Pancreas with Synchronous Metastasis to Left Adrenal Gland

Received: 08 July 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904038

Abstract

Background: Pure pancreatic-type ACC outside the pancreas is extremely rare. Methods: We presented a very rare case of primary ACC of the pancreatic-type involving jejunum with a synchronous metastasis to left adrenal gland arising in well-developed ectopic pancreas which had fully developed pancreatic acini, islets of Langerhans, ductal structures, pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and a well-formed minor papilla that opens to the mucosal surface of jejunum. We also reviewed all 21 cases of pure pancreatic-type [...]

1406 7626

Open Access Case Report

Partial Response of Alopecia Areata to Helicobacter Pylori Eradication and Treatment with Low-Dose Naltrexone

Received: 26 June 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903037

Abstract

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin. It has been proposed that it is a multifactorial disease with genetic, immunological, infectious, circulatory, and psychogenic factors being involved in its etiopathogenesis. Its association with other autoimmune diseases is frequent. The infection of Helicobacter pylori has been linked to multiple immuno-mediated extradigestive conditions including alopecia areata. There is scientific evidence of the usefulness of naltrexone in low doses (an opioid antago [...]

1383 10975

Open Access Perspective

Missing the Target to Treat in Crohn’s Disease

Received: 05 April 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903036

1336 6810

Open Access Case Report

Secondary Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Paracetamol and Codeine Administration after Dental Treatment: Literature Analysis and Clinical Case Study

Received: 29 April 2019;  Published: 30 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903035

Abstract

OBJECTIVES To review current literature analysing possible secondary complications in response to the administration of paracetamol and codeine as analgesics in the dental field. To discuss a case of secondary acute pancreatitis triggered by the administration of both active ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 28-year-old patient, without any pancreatic or hepatobiliary condition was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis 3 hours after taking paracetamol 500mg and codeine 30mg prescribed as pain-relief therapy after ex [...]

1362 9526

Open Access Review

Rare Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: Drugs, Eosinophilia, and Autoimmunity

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903034

Abstract

Background: Among the rarest causes of acute pancreatitis, in addition to the drugs (DIAP), there are eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods: we have researched on PUBMED the descriptions of clinical cases of eosinophilic pancreatitis appeared from 1990 to February 2019 and those related to new drugs responsible for acute pancreatitis. Results: we found about thirty reports of eosinophilic pancreatitis associated or not with hypereosinophilia and gastro-intestinal manifestations. [...]

1320 8643

Open Access Review

Advanced Endoscopic Techniques in the Evaluation and Treatment of Fibrostenotic Crohn's Disease

Received: 09 May 2019;  Published: 16 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903033

Abstract

Crohn’s disease is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation that can result in significant morbidity and loss of intestinal function over time. Many novel treatments for Crohn’s disease are being developed, but a significant portion of patients still requires surgical therapy for structuring or penetrating disease. While the utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients is well established, new endoscopic techniques are being developed to help evaluate prev [...]

1386 6454

Open Access Review

Conventional and Future Therapies for Crohn's Disease

Received: 20 May 2019;  Published: 14 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903032

Abstract

Crohn's disease is part of a group of diseases termed inflammatory bowel disease. Guidelines have long advocated the use of steroids for acute flare up and Current goals of treatment include enhancing long-lasting remission, preventing relapse, reducing the need for surgery, preventing complications and slowing disease progression. No cure currently exists for the disease. Traditionally, the clinical approach to treatment has been symptom-based where patients have had to ‘earn’ their next treatment escalation. Howe [...]

1363 8696

Open Access Review

New and Old Therapeutic Options for Luminal Crohn's Disease - An Overview of Current Literature

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 12 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903031

Abstract

Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing and remitting condition that leads to structural damage of the bowel wall. It can be located in any part of the gastrointestinal tract with associated extra-intestinal manifestations. It varies in severity having many complications resulting in significant morbidity. In the past decade medical management of CD has evolved rapidly and with ongoing research it continues to show promising novel therapies. In this article we aim to give an overview of current li [...]

1480 7186

Open Access Review

Pathological Angiogenesis: The New Culprit behind Chronic Liver Disease

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 31 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903030

Abstract

This review describes our current understanding of the pathogenic role of angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and portal hypertension, emphasizing its involvement not only in the liver but also in extrahepatic complications such as the formation of portosystemic collaterals and increased splanchnic blood flow, and highlighting different molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.

1190 7254

Open Access Review

Pancreatitis in Solid Organ Transplant Patients: A Review of the Literature

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 29 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903029

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is a highly morbid condition widely recognized and well-defined in the general population. In this article, we summarize the current literature on acute pancreatitis in the setting of solid organ transplant axiom, including patients who are listed for or have undergone transplantation. The literature is summarized by organ transplant type, including cardiac, lung, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and liver. Our review suggests that providers should have a high index of suspicion for acute pancreatiti [...]

1353 10268

Open Access Review

Hereditary Pancreatitis – A Review of Current Concepts and Management

Received: 30 April 2019;  Published: 19 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903028

Abstract

(1) Background: Hereditary Pancreatitis is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. These patients usually present at a young age with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis that usually progresses to chronic pancreatitis with associated endocrine and exocrine failure. Hereditary pancreatitis also carries an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These high risk patients need early intervention where appropriate by specialist multidisciplinary teams and tailored long term management. (2) Methods [...]

1238 7940

Open Access Review

Therapeutic Strategies and Current Management for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 04 February 2019;  Published: 16 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903027

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome showing a wide spectrum and one of the serious complications seen in patients with acute and chronic liver disease or spontaneous portal-systemic shunting. Recently, HE has been classified into two categories: covert HE, which involves minimal HE and is identified solely through psychometric or neurological tests, and overt HE (coma grade II-IV). Although recent therapies based on evidence-based results have improved the therapeutic outcomes of HE patients, [...]

1368 8757

Open Access Review

Review of Current Evidence in Acute Pancreatitis

Received: 17 May 2019;  Published: 12 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903026

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas and is one of the most common ailments of the gastrointestinal system that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The main etiologic causes of AP are alcohol consumption, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, and biliary stones. The clinical signs and symptoms, and diagnostic criteria of AP are well established in the literature and multiple studies. Multiple scoring systems have been used to predict the severity, prognosis, and mortality a [...]

1250 6667

Open Access Review

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Complex Interactions, Evaluations, and Management Decisions

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902025

Abstract

Diseases of the liver are commonly encountered in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). While the differential for IBD patients with elevated liver associated enzymes is broad, it is similar to that of the general population. This differential includes including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease in North America. When initial work-up for elevated liver associated enzymes is negative and patients have steatosis on ultrasound, we counsel IBD patients aggressively about [...]

1159 7374

Open Access Review

The Autotaxin - Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Liver Fibrosis

Received: 27 March 2019;  Published: 21 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902024

Abstract

Chronic liver diseases affects millions of people worldwide each year. Upon chronic liver injury, a wound healing process ensues, leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. If the injury persists, this leads to liver fibrosis with excessive scarring of the liver and loss of liver function. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a signaling molecule has shown to be involved in various biological processes, including wound healing process. Elevated plasma levels of LPA and its catalyst autotaxin (ATX), [...]

1474 8212

Open Access Review

Zinc in Liver Fibrosis

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 13 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902023

Abstract

Acute and in particular chronic liver disease of viral, alcoholic and non-alcoholic genesis is a large, often unnoticed health hazard around the world. It can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the course of decades. Liver fibrosis, conversion of functional parenchyma to connective tissue (scar tissue) as a consequence of chronic liver damage, is a connecting pathogenic process in all chronic liver diseases. Zinc is an essential micronutrient in human health, playing a fundamental role in cellu [...]

1471 8739

Open Access Review

Managing Acute Severe Necrotising Pancreatitis

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 05 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902022

Abstract

Background: Severe necrotising pancreatitis (SNP) is characterised by high mortality, severe complications and bad prognosis despite progress in understanding of aetiology and progression of the disease. Traditionally, necrotic changes were removed by open necrosectomy but the paradigm has shifted towards more conservative management and minimally-invasive surgical procedures. However, there is still no consensus on the best management pathway. Minimally-invasive procedures percutaneous drainage, endoscopic transl [...]

1313 6351

Open Access Opinion

The Curing of Crohn’s Disease

Received: 06 January 2019;  Published: 04 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902021

Abstract

Using the therapeutic intervention points identified by the Hruska Postulate, the probability of curing Crohn’s disease through destroying the anti-MAP template is discussed.

1302 5878

Open Access Research Article

NF-κB; the Critical Link between Immune and Metabolic Pathways: Could NF-κB be Used as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?

Received: 28 January 2019;  Published: 22 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902020

Abstract

(1) Background: A great number of inflammatory mediators and metabolic biomarkers have been shown to contribute to the development and progression of obesity-induced pathologies, including insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many of those mediators are either targets or activators of nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB), which is a key transcription factor and plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways in the liver. (2) Methods: Our study po [...]

1474 9021

Open Access Review

Organotin Polymers for the Control of Pancreatic Cancer

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 14 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902019

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. Treatment is seldom successful. A wide variety of organotin polymers exhibit good inhibition of human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and PANC-1. The AsPC-1 is an adenocarcinoma pancreatic cell line and PANC-1 which is an epithelioid carcinoma pancreatic cell line. Synthesis is rapid employing commercially available reactants and the interfacial polymerization that is employed in the commercial synthesis of aramids and polycarbonates.

1289 7420

Open Access Review

The Rational Use of Diuretics in the Management of Cirrhotic Ascites in Japan

Received: 04 February 2019;  Published: 25 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902018

Abstract

In cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia due to decreased albumin synthetic capacity and hormonal imbalance due to increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and vasopressin systems cause fluid retention and electrolyte abnormalities. Diuretics are indispensable for the control of body fluid volume in liver cirrhosis, and aldosterone antagonists and loop diuretics have been widely used until now. In Japan, tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, became available in September 2013, expanding trea [...]

1482 15144

Open Access Review

Walled-Off Necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Received: 07 February 2019;  Published: 10 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902017

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis still represents a challenge for physicians; it ranges from mild self-limiting forms Walled-off necrosis (WON), previously called by other names, such as organized pancreatic necrosis, necroma, pancreatic sequestration, pseudocyst associated with necrosis and subacute pancreatic necrosis is a new entity of complications of acute pancreatitis. It is defined as a mature, encapsulated collection of pancreatic and/or peripancreatic necrosis which has developed a well-defined inflammatory wall. WON us [...]

1396 8946

Open Access Research Article

Prevalence of Viral Liver Disease and Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Who Visited Dental Clinics: A Study by the Ehime Dental Association

Received: 12 January 2019;  Published: 02 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902016

Abstract

Background: The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and oral lichen planus (OLP), an extrahepatic manifestation, is well known. There are still patients with viral liver disease in this country who are not receiving appropriate treatment. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OLP and untreated hepatitis virus infection in patients who visited dental clinics in Ehime prefecture, in western Japan. Methods: Patients who visited 35 dental clinics in Japan from March 2018 to June 2 [...]

1167 6792

Open Access Review

Endoscopic Management of Crohn’s Disease Strictures

Received: 28 January 2019;  Published: 26 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901015

Abstract

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which can result in luminal stenosis and up to 90% of patients requiring surgery during their lifetime. Medical management aims to reduce the inflammatory burden to prevent the development of inflammatory strictures, progression to fibro-stenosis and subsequent obstructive symptoms. Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a well-established, safe technique in the management of short strictures to prevent patients having multiple surgic [...]

1145 6662

Open Access Review

New Insights to Prevent Liver Fibrosis by Targeting YB-1 and Collagen Genes

Received: 20 December 2018;  Published: 13 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901014

Abstract

Liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and cancer affects millions of people and causes thousands of deaths all over the world. Many signaling pathways could be targeted to block fibrosis but these are not successful. Reviewing recent literature and from our own studies we identified novel target, such as YB-1, which is implicated in inflammation, angiogenesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition we observed and showed that the end product of fibrosis, collagen gene, itself is a direct target fo [...]

1296 6630

Open Access Review

Stem Cell Therapy in the Elderly with Liver Disease

Received: 22 August 2018;  Published: 03 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901013

Abstract

There is evidence to suggest that older livers regenerate less well and display cellular senescence. Additionally, elderly patients with certain liver diseases have a less favourable course. Chronic liver disease, amongst the elderly, has a significant negative effect upon quality of life and functional independence. Frailty, commonly encountered in geriatric patients, remains a significant negative predictor of physical, psychological, functional and survival outcomes in chronic liver disease. Despite advances in [...]

1189 5645

Open Access Original Research

Association between Liver Stiffness and Gastro-Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Diseases

Received: 12 November 2018;  Published: 27 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1804012

Abstract

Objective: Elastography is a non-invasive examination method that can estimate the extent of liver fibrosis, measured as liver stiffness (LS). We examined the relationship between gastro-esophageal varices and the LS and how to predict esophageal varices and varices bleeding by LS. Methods: From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a retrospective study of 138 subjects, all of whom were patients with chronic liver disease, including NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, viral hepatitis, and others. LS [...]

1210 6405

Open Access Original Research

Taste Impairment and Compliance Improvement of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 25 September 2018;  Published: 26 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1804011

Abstract

Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are nutrients with a bitter taste, which causes low compliance in patients who need BCAA supplementation. Moreover, chronic liver disease is frequently complicated by taste impairment. The present study was designed to improve patient noncompliance regarding nutrients in liver disease. Methods: A taste questionnaire was administered to healthy controls, chronic hepatitis patients, and cirrhotic patients. Eleven different flavored powders that can be added to BCAA nutri [...]

1235 5520

Open Access Communication

Gut Microbes and Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Spillage of Gut Microbial Products, rather than Systemic Dissemination of Gut Microbes, is the Potential Initiator of Septic Morbidity

Received: 22 July 2018;  Published: 09 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803010

Abstract

Gut microbes and pathophysiology of sepsis: Spillage of gut microbial products, rather than systemic dissemination of gut microbes, is the potential initiator of septic morbidity

1166 5697

Open Access Case Report

An Unusual Case of Signet Ring Cell Cholangiocarcinoma: Case Report and a Review of Literature

Received: 17 February 2018;  Published: 01 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803009

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. Signet ring cell cholangiocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease, with only 11 cases reported to date. However, its incidence is increasing. Similarly, there is an increasing incidence of other SRC tumors (colon, gastric etc.) as well. Most cases have described a localized mass of signet ring cells, mostly in the common bile duct. A 69-year-old Caucasian man admitted for jaundice and abdominal pain that began 3 days prior to his hospitalization. [...]

1153 6682

Open Access Original Research

Peptides Obtained by Enzymatic Decomposition of Mackerel Prevent Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Sprague-Dawley Rats fed a High-fat and High-cholesterol Diet

Received: 09 April 2018;  Published: 03 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803008

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is thought to be multifactorial, and oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of NASH. Peptides obtained by enzymatic decomposition of mackerel (EMP) including selenoneine were recently reported to possess antioxidative activity. Thus, EMP can be a candidate dietary strategy for the prevention of NASH. [...]

1252 6371

Open Access Review

Models for Predicting Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Surgery

Received: 05 February 2018;  Published: 16 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1802007

Abstract

Background & Aims. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of liver surgery and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AKI following hepatic surgery can be as high as 94%, with highest rates seen following orthotopic liver transplantation, particularly when extended criteria grafts are used. Strategies to identify patients at risk of AKI may enable early interventions to prevent or minimise AKI. Methods. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and [...]

1397 6243

Open Access Original Research

Misinterpretation or Underestimation of the Appearance, Location, or Size of Non-bleeding Visible Vessels (Forrest Class IIa) as a Cause of Hemostasis Failure

Received: 10 December 2017;  Published: 14 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1801006

Abstract

(1) Background: Endoscopy has become the primary diagnostic and treatment technique for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite advancements in therapeutic methods and instrumentation, endoscopic hemostatic failure occurs in 10% of patients. This study aimed to analyze endoscopic findings in patients with failed hemostasis and to elucidate strategies for endoscopists and gastroenterologists to facilitate improved treatment outcomes. (2) Methods: A total of 128 patients received hemostatic treatment fo [...]

1316 8841

Open Access Editorial

Anemia during Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C

Received: 18 October 2017;  Published: 29 October 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1704005

Abstract

(This is review and no abstract)

1246 5288

Open Access Case Report

Successful Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with Chronic Active Hepatitis B using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Received: 23 June 2017;  Published: 27 July 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1703004

Abstract

(1) Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy occasionally raises concerns, including acute exacerbation and the potential for mother-to-child transmission. (2) Case Report: Here, we present a case of a female patient with a chronic HBV infection who was treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and had a normal pregnancy and delivery. Furthermore, the use of TDF, HBV vaccination and passive immunization of her child with hyperimmune hepatitis B immunoglobulin successfully [...]

930 5823

Open Access Original Research

IFN-Based and IFN-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral Drug Treatments for Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Post-Transplant Recipients

Received: 08 February 2017;  Published: 06 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1702003

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently occurs in recipients of liver or kidney transplants (LT/KT). Interferon (IFN)-based therapies are used to treat HCV, but their efficacy is low. Methods: We report 24 patients who received HCV therapy after LT/KT. Design, Setting, and Participants-Twelve LT and 12 KT recipients (median age, 59 years; 15 males; 21 serological type 1) were enrolled, of whom eight (six with LT) were treated with IFN-based therapy. Twelve received direct-acting antiviral drugs [ [...]

1031 6645

Open Access Editorial

Response-Guided Treatment with an Ultrarapid Virological Response Creates the Future of Interferon-Free Treatment against Hepatitis C

Received: 22 January 2017;  Published: 03 February 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1701002

1027 4854

Open Access Case Report

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Suspected Due to Low-Dosage Prednisolone Treatment for Acute Autoimmune Hepatitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 16 November 2016;  Published: 21 January 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1701001

Abstract

(1) Background: Preventative treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has been recommended for patients receiving ≥20 mg/day prednisolone. We describe a patient who developed PCP while receiving a dose of 15 mg/day prednisolone, and consider criteria for the initiation of preventative therapy for PCP in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) treated with prednisolone. (2) Case Report: A 71-year-old woman initially possessed dark-colored urine, white stool, and decreased appetite, which indicated hepat [...]

1217 7774

Open Access Research Article

Opportunities, Dilemmas, and Limitations in Applying "Healthy Living" and "Aging in Place" in Designs for New Housing Concepts in Dutch Neighborhoods

Received: 23 March 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504331

Abstract

This article explores the ongoing work associated with the masterclasses "Towards an Inclusive Living Environment." It critically examines the concept of healthy living for all and aging in place by studying neighborhoods within Dutch cities. The article argues that creating inclusive, healthy environments fosters well-being and promotes a lifestyle of health and autonomy for all. Next to literature studies, we worked with our students in different neighborhoods of The Hague, conducting ethnographic research. Throu [...]

194 1185

Open Access Original Research

Barriers Encountered When Implementing a Community Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Program

Received: 11 June 2025;  Published: 05 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504330

Abstract

Falls and fall-related injuries are one of the leading causes of death among older adults aged 65+ in the United States. Americans’ life expectancy has increased and fall risk grows with age. While several evidence-based fall prevention programs are utilized to decrease fall risk among community-dwelling older adults, little research focuses on challenges or strategies related to sustained fall prevention program implementation. The purpose of this multi-method descriptive study was to assess fall risk outcome chan [...]

188 1013

Open Access Original Research

Power of Ikigai on Japanese Older Adults’ Well-Being

Received: 15 May 2025;  Published: 30 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504329

Abstract

In Japan, a super-aging society, the development of Ikigai is considered the key to extending healthy longevity in national policy. Thus, activities provided by local governments are designed to encourage Ikigai. At this point, Ikigai has developed its conceptual understanding, which includes its distinctiveness from life purposes and other closely related concepts. Empirical studies using developed measurements have shown that Ikigai has an impact on the mental and physical health of older adults across countries [...]

476 4206

Open Access Original Research

When the Psychological Weight of the Burden Affects the Physical Weight of Caregivers of Older Patients in a French Memory Hospital (Lille, France)

Received: 23 May 2025;  Published: 10 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504328

Abstract

Caring for patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) can be challenging for caregivers, with the risk of malnutrition. Observational, retrospective, monocentric study carried out with patient-caregiver dyads admitted to the Memory Day Hospital of the Gerontology Center of the University Hospital of Lille over 6 months in 2023. Our objectives were to identify the socio-characteristics of caregivers who had recently experienced a variation in their weight, their degree of fatigue (using the Fatigue Numerical Ratin [...]

244 1396

Open Access Original Research

Annual Costs and Nursing Care Interventions to Prevent Falls Over 1 Year in a Long Term Care Facility

Received: 11 March 2025;  Published: 16 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503327

Abstract

Evidence shows the use of interventions to prevent falls are costly to healthcare facilities. Using a sample of older adult patients who fell at least once during the intervention year of a three-year cohort study in one long term care nursing facility, at a continuing care community providing skilled nursing and assisted living, we provide detailed evidence of the number and costs of durable medical equipment and number and type of non- durable medical nursing care interventions utilized to prevent subsequent fall [...]

368 2466

Open Access Original Research

Health Outcomes Associated with Community Senior Center Fitness Classes: Influence of Activity Type and Baseline Physical Activity Level

Received: 09 June 2025;  Published: 12 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503326

Abstract

Senior centers serve as community anchors for the approximately 57.8 million older adults in the U.S., offering a range of health promotion programs, including exercise classes. This study examined how the type of exercise programs at senior centers influences older adults’ health (mental, physical, and quality of life) and how baseline physical activity levels may influence these changes as part of a statewide health promotion program evaluation in senior centers in Delaware. The exercise programs offered were bas [...]

371 2674

Open Access Review

The Cellular Mechanism of Aging as Programmed Epigenetic Phenomenon: From Hypothesis to Scientific Evidence

Received: 04 December 2024;  Published: 10 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503325

Abstract

There is a main difference between theories explaining aging as an adaptive phenomenon that is determined and modulated by genes (i.e., the result of a specific “program”) and theories explaining aging as a non-adaptive phenomenon caused by the accumulation of random degenerative events. In fact, for adaptive theories, a genetically determined and modulated program determining aging is indispensable, while for non-adaptive theories, such a program cannot exist. However, there appears to be strong evidence to suppor [...]

664 3114

Open Access Review

The Role of Telomeres in Senescence, Aging and Disease: Fiction and Reality

Received: 21 May 2025;  Published: 09 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503324

Abstract

Telomeres are repetitive structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. Due to incomplete DNA replication at the end of linear DNA molecules, the so called “end replication problem”, telomeres shorten consecutively during cell division. In addition, telomere sequences are highly susceptible to oxidative stress damaging telomeres and resulting in their dysfunction even in non-dividing cells. Telomere shortening has been identified as one of the underlying causes for replicative senescence that can also contribute to [...]

531 6626

Open Access Review

Medical Digital Technologies in Older Patients with Cardiac Disease Achievements and Drawbacks

Received: 17 February 2025;  Published: 09 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503323

Abstract

Older adults are a growing population characterized by a high prevalence of multimorbidity and age-related conditions, such as organ and pharmacokinetic dysfunction. Medical digital technologies have emerged through the combined use of wearable, implantable, and insertable medical devices with digital systems. Gerontology aims to help older patients with disabilities utilize these technologies. These technologies are used in high-tech medical centers, particularly among older cardiac patients. Many cardiac societie [...]

357 2131

Open Access Case Report

Feasibility and Physiological Effects of a Home-Based Swallow Exercise Program Using sEMG Biofeedback in Prefrail Older Adults: A Case Series

Received: 28 April 2025;  Published: 13 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503322

Abstract

Age-related decline in swallowing function increases the risk of dysphagia in older adults. Strengthening the muscles involved in swallowing through proactive training may help prevent such decline, particularly in prefrail individuals. This case series evaluated the feasibility and physiological effects of a home-based effortful swallow training program in three prefrail older adults without swallowing impairments. The intervention used a wearable surface electromyography biofeedback device (Mobili-T®) to provide [...]

432 3730

Newsletter  

TOP