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Table of Content

Open Access Review

Platelet Function in Experimental Models of Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 15 May 2019;  Published: 01 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904039

Abstract

(1) Background: Platelet function is commonly altered in liver cirrhosis. In experimenta models of liver cirrhosis we have analyzed the mechanisms of this defective function. (2) Methods: Experiments were performed in a model of liver cirrhosis by bile duct-ligation in washed platelets by means of fluorescence spectroscopy with fura-2. (3) Results: We have found several alterations compatible with the existence of a hyperaggregatory state. These alterations are related to a defective platelet calcium handling, spec [...]

1435 7055

Open Access Case Report

Primary Pancreatic-Type Acinar Cell Carcinoma of Jejunum Arising from Ectopic Pancreas with Synchronous Metastasis to Left Adrenal Gland

Received: 08 July 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904038

Abstract

Background: Pure pancreatic-type ACC outside the pancreas is extremely rare. Methods: We presented a very rare case of primary ACC of the pancreatic-type involving jejunum with a synchronous metastasis to left adrenal gland arising in well-developed ectopic pancreas which had fully developed pancreatic acini, islets of Langerhans, ductal structures, pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and a well-formed minor papilla that opens to the mucosal surface of jejunum. We also reviewed all 21 cases of pure pancreatic-type [...]

1481 7809

Open Access Case Report

Partial Response of Alopecia Areata to Helicobacter Pylori Eradication and Treatment with Low-Dose Naltrexone

Received: 26 June 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903037

Abstract

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin. It has been proposed that it is a multifactorial disease with genetic, immunological, infectious, circulatory, and psychogenic factors being involved in its etiopathogenesis. Its association with other autoimmune diseases is frequent. The infection of Helicobacter pylori has been linked to multiple immuno-mediated extradigestive conditions including alopecia areata. There is scientific evidence of the usefulness of naltrexone in low doses (an opioid antago [...]

1414 11142

Open Access Perspective

Missing the Target to Treat in Crohn’s Disease

Received: 05 April 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903036

1371 6956

Open Access Case Report

Secondary Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Paracetamol and Codeine Administration after Dental Treatment: Literature Analysis and Clinical Case Study

Received: 29 April 2019;  Published: 30 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903035

Abstract

OBJECTIVES To review current literature analysing possible secondary complications in response to the administration of paracetamol and codeine as analgesics in the dental field. To discuss a case of secondary acute pancreatitis triggered by the administration of both active ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 28-year-old patient, without any pancreatic or hepatobiliary condition was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis 3 hours after taking paracetamol 500mg and codeine 30mg prescribed as pain-relief therapy after ex [...]

1391 9687

Open Access Review

Rare Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: Drugs, Eosinophilia, and Autoimmunity

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903034

Abstract

Background: Among the rarest causes of acute pancreatitis, in addition to the drugs (DIAP), there are eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods: we have researched on PUBMED the descriptions of clinical cases of eosinophilic pancreatitis appeared from 1990 to February 2019 and those related to new drugs responsible for acute pancreatitis. Results: we found about thirty reports of eosinophilic pancreatitis associated or not with hypereosinophilia and gastro-intestinal manifestations. [...]

1363 8800

Open Access Review

Advanced Endoscopic Techniques in the Evaluation and Treatment of Fibrostenotic Crohn's Disease

Received: 09 May 2019;  Published: 16 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903033

Abstract

Crohn’s disease is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation that can result in significant morbidity and loss of intestinal function over time. Many novel treatments for Crohn’s disease are being developed, but a significant portion of patients still requires surgical therapy for structuring or penetrating disease. While the utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients is well established, new endoscopic techniques are being developed to help evaluate prev [...]

1429 6578

Open Access Review

Conventional and Future Therapies for Crohn's Disease

Received: 20 May 2019;  Published: 14 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903032

Abstract

Crohn's disease is part of a group of diseases termed inflammatory bowel disease. Guidelines have long advocated the use of steroids for acute flare up and Current goals of treatment include enhancing long-lasting remission, preventing relapse, reducing the need for surgery, preventing complications and slowing disease progression. No cure currently exists for the disease. Traditionally, the clinical approach to treatment has been symptom-based where patients have had to ‘earn’ their next treatment escalation. Howe [...]

1401 8836

Open Access Review

New and Old Therapeutic Options for Luminal Crohn's Disease - An Overview of Current Literature

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 12 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903031

Abstract

Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing and remitting condition that leads to structural damage of the bowel wall. It can be located in any part of the gastrointestinal tract with associated extra-intestinal manifestations. It varies in severity having many complications resulting in significant morbidity. In the past decade medical management of CD has evolved rapidly and with ongoing research it continues to show promising novel therapies. In this article we aim to give an overview of current li [...]

1508 7308

Open Access Review

Pathological Angiogenesis: The New Culprit behind Chronic Liver Disease

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 31 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903030

Abstract

This review describes our current understanding of the pathogenic role of angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and portal hypertension, emphasizing its involvement not only in the liver but also in extrahepatic complications such as the formation of portosystemic collaterals and increased splanchnic blood flow, and highlighting different molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.

1232 7417

Open Access Review

Pancreatitis in Solid Organ Transplant Patients: A Review of the Literature

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 29 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903029

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is a highly morbid condition widely recognized and well-defined in the general population. In this article, we summarize the current literature on acute pancreatitis in the setting of solid organ transplant axiom, including patients who are listed for or have undergone transplantation. The literature is summarized by organ transplant type, including cardiac, lung, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and liver. Our review suggests that providers should have a high index of suspicion for acute pancreatiti [...]

1393 10411

Open Access Review

Hereditary Pancreatitis – A Review of Current Concepts and Management

Received: 30 April 2019;  Published: 19 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903028

Abstract

(1) Background: Hereditary Pancreatitis is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. These patients usually present at a young age with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis that usually progresses to chronic pancreatitis with associated endocrine and exocrine failure. Hereditary pancreatitis also carries an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These high risk patients need early intervention where appropriate by specialist multidisciplinary teams and tailored long term management. (2) Methods [...]

1278 8117

Open Access Review

Therapeutic Strategies and Current Management for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 04 February 2019;  Published: 16 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903027

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome showing a wide spectrum and one of the serious complications seen in patients with acute and chronic liver disease or spontaneous portal-systemic shunting. Recently, HE has been classified into two categories: covert HE, which involves minimal HE and is identified solely through psychometric or neurological tests, and overt HE (coma grade II-IV). Although recent therapies based on evidence-based results have improved the therapeutic outcomes of HE patients, [...]

1404 8886

Open Access Review

Review of Current Evidence in Acute Pancreatitis

Received: 17 May 2019;  Published: 12 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903026

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas and is one of the most common ailments of the gastrointestinal system that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The main etiologic causes of AP are alcohol consumption, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, and biliary stones. The clinical signs and symptoms, and diagnostic criteria of AP are well established in the literature and multiple studies. Multiple scoring systems have been used to predict the severity, prognosis, and mortality a [...]

1279 6812

Open Access Review

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Complex Interactions, Evaluations, and Management Decisions

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902025

Abstract

Diseases of the liver are commonly encountered in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). While the differential for IBD patients with elevated liver associated enzymes is broad, it is similar to that of the general population. This differential includes including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease in North America. When initial work-up for elevated liver associated enzymes is negative and patients have steatosis on ultrasound, we counsel IBD patients aggressively about [...]

1185 7523

Open Access Review

The Autotaxin - Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Liver Fibrosis

Received: 27 March 2019;  Published: 21 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902024

Abstract

Chronic liver diseases affects millions of people worldwide each year. Upon chronic liver injury, a wound healing process ensues, leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. If the injury persists, this leads to liver fibrosis with excessive scarring of the liver and loss of liver function. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a signaling molecule has shown to be involved in various biological processes, including wound healing process. Elevated plasma levels of LPA and its catalyst autotaxin (ATX), [...]

1508 8391

Open Access Review

Zinc in Liver Fibrosis

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 13 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902023

Abstract

Acute and in particular chronic liver disease of viral, alcoholic and non-alcoholic genesis is a large, often unnoticed health hazard around the world. It can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the course of decades. Liver fibrosis, conversion of functional parenchyma to connective tissue (scar tissue) as a consequence of chronic liver damage, is a connecting pathogenic process in all chronic liver diseases. Zinc is an essential micronutrient in human health, playing a fundamental role in cellu [...]

1511 8889

Open Access Review

Managing Acute Severe Necrotising Pancreatitis

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 05 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902022

Abstract

Background: Severe necrotising pancreatitis (SNP) is characterised by high mortality, severe complications and bad prognosis despite progress in understanding of aetiology and progression of the disease. Traditionally, necrotic changes were removed by open necrosectomy but the paradigm has shifted towards more conservative management and minimally-invasive surgical procedures. However, there is still no consensus on the best management pathway. Minimally-invasive procedures percutaneous drainage, endoscopic transl [...]

1350 6504

Open Access Opinion

The Curing of Crohn’s Disease

Received: 06 January 2019;  Published: 04 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902021

Abstract

Using the therapeutic intervention points identified by the Hruska Postulate, the probability of curing Crohn’s disease through destroying the anti-MAP template is discussed.

1339 5997

Open Access Research Article

NF-κB; the Critical Link between Immune and Metabolic Pathways: Could NF-κB be Used as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis?

Received: 28 January 2019;  Published: 22 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902020

Abstract

(1) Background: A great number of inflammatory mediators and metabolic biomarkers have been shown to contribute to the development and progression of obesity-induced pathologies, including insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many of those mediators are either targets or activators of nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB), which is a key transcription factor and plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways in the liver. (2) Methods: Our study po [...]

1511 9175

Open Access Review

Organotin Polymers for the Control of Pancreatic Cancer

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 14 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902019

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. Treatment is seldom successful. A wide variety of organotin polymers exhibit good inhibition of human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and PANC-1. The AsPC-1 is an adenocarcinoma pancreatic cell line and PANC-1 which is an epithelioid carcinoma pancreatic cell line. Synthesis is rapid employing commercially available reactants and the interfacial polymerization that is employed in the commercial synthesis of aramids and polycarbonates.

1327 7586

Open Access Review

The Rational Use of Diuretics in the Management of Cirrhotic Ascites in Japan

Received: 04 February 2019;  Published: 25 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902018

Abstract

In cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia due to decreased albumin synthetic capacity and hormonal imbalance due to increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and vasopressin systems cause fluid retention and electrolyte abnormalities. Diuretics are indispensable for the control of body fluid volume in liver cirrhosis, and aldosterone antagonists and loop diuretics have been widely used until now. In Japan, tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, became available in September 2013, expanding trea [...]

1514 15361

Open Access Review

Walled-Off Necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Received: 07 February 2019;  Published: 10 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902017

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis still represents a challenge for physicians; it ranges from mild self-limiting forms Walled-off necrosis (WON), previously called by other names, such as organized pancreatic necrosis, necroma, pancreatic sequestration, pseudocyst associated with necrosis and subacute pancreatic necrosis is a new entity of complications of acute pancreatitis. It is defined as a mature, encapsulated collection of pancreatic and/or peripancreatic necrosis which has developed a well-defined inflammatory wall. WON us [...]

1431 9074

Open Access Research Article

Prevalence of Viral Liver Disease and Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Who Visited Dental Clinics: A Study by the Ehime Dental Association

Received: 12 January 2019;  Published: 02 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1902016

Abstract

Background: The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and oral lichen planus (OLP), an extrahepatic manifestation, is well known. There are still patients with viral liver disease in this country who are not receiving appropriate treatment. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OLP and untreated hepatitis virus infection in patients who visited dental clinics in Ehime prefecture, in western Japan. Methods: Patients who visited 35 dental clinics in Japan from March 2018 to June 2 [...]

1204 6941

Open Access Review

Endoscopic Management of Crohn’s Disease Strictures

Received: 28 January 2019;  Published: 26 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901015

Abstract

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which can result in luminal stenosis and up to 90% of patients requiring surgery during their lifetime. Medical management aims to reduce the inflammatory burden to prevent the development of inflammatory strictures, progression to fibro-stenosis and subsequent obstructive symptoms. Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a well-established, safe technique in the management of short strictures to prevent patients having multiple surgic [...]

1189 9319

Open Access Review

New Insights to Prevent Liver Fibrosis by Targeting YB-1 and Collagen Genes

Received: 20 December 2018;  Published: 13 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901014

Abstract

Liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and cancer affects millions of people and causes thousands of deaths all over the world. Many signaling pathways could be targeted to block fibrosis but these are not successful. Reviewing recent literature and from our own studies we identified novel target, such as YB-1, which is implicated in inflammation, angiogenesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition we observed and showed that the end product of fibrosis, collagen gene, itself is a direct target fo [...]

1344 6815

Open Access Review

Stem Cell Therapy in the Elderly with Liver Disease

Received: 22 August 2018;  Published: 03 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1901013

Abstract

There is evidence to suggest that older livers regenerate less well and display cellular senescence. Additionally, elderly patients with certain liver diseases have a less favourable course. Chronic liver disease, amongst the elderly, has a significant negative effect upon quality of life and functional independence. Frailty, commonly encountered in geriatric patients, remains a significant negative predictor of physical, psychological, functional and survival outcomes in chronic liver disease. Despite advances in [...]

1214 5805

Open Access Original Research

Association between Liver Stiffness and Gastro-Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Diseases

Received: 12 November 2018;  Published: 27 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1804012

Abstract

Objective: Elastography is a non-invasive examination method that can estimate the extent of liver fibrosis, measured as liver stiffness (LS). We examined the relationship between gastro-esophageal varices and the LS and how to predict esophageal varices and varices bleeding by LS. Methods: From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a retrospective study of 138 subjects, all of whom were patients with chronic liver disease, including NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, viral hepatitis, and others. LS [...]

1238 6538

Open Access Original Research

Taste Impairment and Compliance Improvement of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 25 September 2018;  Published: 26 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1804011

Abstract

Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are nutrients with a bitter taste, which causes low compliance in patients who need BCAA supplementation. Moreover, chronic liver disease is frequently complicated by taste impairment. The present study was designed to improve patient noncompliance regarding nutrients in liver disease. Methods: A taste questionnaire was administered to healthy controls, chronic hepatitis patients, and cirrhotic patients. Eleven different flavored powders that can be added to BCAA nutri [...]

1273 5648

Open Access Communication

Gut Microbes and Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Spillage of Gut Microbial Products, rather than Systemic Dissemination of Gut Microbes, is the Potential Initiator of Septic Morbidity

Received: 22 July 2018;  Published: 09 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803010

Abstract

Gut microbes and pathophysiology of sepsis: Spillage of gut microbial products, rather than systemic dissemination of gut microbes, is the potential initiator of septic morbidity

1188 5847

Open Access Case Report

An Unusual Case of Signet Ring Cell Cholangiocarcinoma: Case Report and a Review of Literature

Received: 17 February 2018;  Published: 01 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803009

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. Signet ring cell cholangiocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease, with only 11 cases reported to date. However, its incidence is increasing. Similarly, there is an increasing incidence of other SRC tumors (colon, gastric etc.) as well. Most cases have described a localized mass of signet ring cells, mostly in the common bile duct. A 69-year-old Caucasian man admitted for jaundice and abdominal pain that began 3 days prior to his hospitalization. [...]

1182 6840

Open Access Original Research

Peptides Obtained by Enzymatic Decomposition of Mackerel Prevent Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Sprague-Dawley Rats fed a High-fat and High-cholesterol Diet

Received: 09 April 2018;  Published: 03 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1803008

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is thought to be multifactorial, and oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of NASH. Peptides obtained by enzymatic decomposition of mackerel (EMP) including selenoneine were recently reported to possess antioxidative activity. Thus, EMP can be a candidate dietary strategy for the prevention of NASH. [...]

1323 6618

Open Access Review

Models for Predicting Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Surgery

Received: 05 February 2018;  Published: 16 May 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1802007

Abstract

Background & Aims. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of liver surgery and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AKI following hepatic surgery can be as high as 94%, with highest rates seen following orthotopic liver transplantation, particularly when extended criteria grafts are used. Strategies to identify patients at risk of AKI may enable early interventions to prevent or minimise AKI. Methods. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and [...]

1446 6411

Open Access Original Research

Misinterpretation or Underestimation of the Appearance, Location, or Size of Non-bleeding Visible Vessels (Forrest Class IIa) as a Cause of Hemostasis Failure

Received: 10 December 2017;  Published: 14 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1801006

Abstract

(1) Background: Endoscopy has become the primary diagnostic and treatment technique for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite advancements in therapeutic methods and instrumentation, endoscopic hemostatic failure occurs in 10% of patients. This study aimed to analyze endoscopic findings in patients with failed hemostasis and to elucidate strategies for endoscopists and gastroenterologists to facilitate improved treatment outcomes. (2) Methods: A total of 128 patients received hemostatic treatment fo [...]

1362 9086

Open Access Editorial

Anemia during Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C

Received: 18 October 2017;  Published: 29 October 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1704005

Abstract

(This is review and no abstract)

1290 5405

Open Access Case Report

Successful Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with Chronic Active Hepatitis B using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Received: 23 June 2017;  Published: 27 July 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1703004

Abstract

(1) Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy occasionally raises concerns, including acute exacerbation and the potential for mother-to-child transmission. (2) Case Report: Here, we present a case of a female patient with a chronic HBV infection who was treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and had a normal pregnancy and delivery. Furthermore, the use of TDF, HBV vaccination and passive immunization of her child with hyperimmune hepatitis B immunoglobulin successfully [...]

964 5954

Open Access Original Research

IFN-Based and IFN-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral Drug Treatments for Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Post-Transplant Recipients

Received: 08 February 2017;  Published: 06 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1702003

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently occurs in recipients of liver or kidney transplants (LT/KT). Interferon (IFN)-based therapies are used to treat HCV, but their efficacy is low. Methods: We report 24 patients who received HCV therapy after LT/KT. Design, Setting, and Participants-Twelve LT and 12 KT recipients (median age, 59 years; 15 males; 21 serological type 1) were enrolled, of whom eight (six with LT) were treated with IFN-based therapy. Twelve received direct-acting antiviral drugs [ [...]

1060 6780

Open Access Editorial

Response-Guided Treatment with an Ultrarapid Virological Response Creates the Future of Interferon-Free Treatment against Hepatitis C

Received: 22 January 2017;  Published: 03 February 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1701002

1056 4972

Open Access Case Report

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Suspected Due to Low-Dosage Prednisolone Treatment for Acute Autoimmune Hepatitis: Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 16 November 2016;  Published: 21 January 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1701001

Abstract

(1) Background: Preventative treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has been recommended for patients receiving ≥20 mg/day prednisolone. We describe a patient who developed PCP while receiving a dose of 15 mg/day prednisolone, and consider criteria for the initiation of preventative therapy for PCP in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) treated with prednisolone. (2) Case Report: A 71-year-old woman initially possessed dark-colored urine, white stool, and decreased appetite, which indicated hepat [...]

1244 7929

Open Access Original Research

End-of-Life Care Disparities in Older Adults with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Received: 14 October 2025;  Published: 10 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2601336

Abstract

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are complex conditions with chronic symptoms and impairments associated with greater risk for physical comorbidity and early mortality. Understanding end-of-life care in older adults with SSDs is crucial for improving geriatric psychiatric care and identifying healthcare disparities. A cohort of 254 older adult decedents with a history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. A control group of 254 older adult deced [...]

68 236

Open Access Original Research

Sexuality in Older Adults Receiving Palliative Care: A Fundamental Dimension through the End of Life

Received: 08 October 2025;  Published: 11 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2601335

Abstract

The sexuality of older adults at advanced stages of illness, or at the end of life, remains a taboo topic that is rarely addressed in the literature and in practice. As a result, the knowledge base informing the support needs of older adults at the final stages of life with regards to sexuality remains scant. The present study seeks to explore experiences of sexuality in older adults with serious illness or receiving palliative care, focusing specifically on the place of sexuality in their lives, the forms of sexua [...]

319 848

Open Access Original Research

Impaired Cognitive Performance and Driving: A Comparative Study of Older Adults and Younger Adult Drug Users

Received: 02 September 2025;  Published: 05 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2601334

Abstract

Driving is a complex cognitive behavior that is an essential part of everyday life and can be broken down into many subcomponents. Due to aging and medication interactions, a wide range of motor, sensory, and cognitive skills that are imperative for driving are affected in older adults. Several studies show that the number of crashes and mortality rates increase by age and the consumption of cannabis and cocaine is associated with a range of adverse mental and physical effects. The purpose of this study was to iden [...]

503 1047

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of OBM Geriatrics in 2025

Received: 03 January 2026;  Published: 04 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2601333

Abstract

The editors of OBM Geriatrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2025. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of S [...]

421 823

Open Access Original Research

Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Family Inclusion in Mexican Adults

Received: 20 June 2025;  Published: 17 December 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504332

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Family Inclusion Scale (FIS) for administration to adults and older Mexican adults. To this end, a questionnaire was structured with scales to evaluate family inclusion, loneliness, and perceived stress; the last two scales were previously validated. The sample (n = 347) consisted of young university adults aged 20 to 24 years and their grandparents aged 60 years. The conceptual emphasis of the Family Inclusion Scale generated was the identification of [...]

394 1093

Open Access Research Article

Opportunities, Dilemmas, and Limitations in Applying "Healthy Living" and "Aging in Place" in Designs for New Housing Concepts in Dutch Neighborhoods

Received: 23 March 2025;  Published: 19 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504331

Abstract

This article explores the ongoing work associated with the masterclasses "Towards an Inclusive Living Environment." It critically examines the concept of healthy living for all and aging in place by studying neighborhoods within Dutch cities. The article argues that creating inclusive, healthy environments fosters well-being and promotes a lifestyle of health and autonomy for all. Next to literature studies, we worked with our students in different neighborhoods of The Hague, conducting ethnographic research. Throu [...]

715 2974

Open Access Original Research

Barriers Encountered When Implementing a Community Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Program

Received: 11 June 2025;  Published: 05 November 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504330

Abstract

Falls and fall-related injuries are one of the leading causes of death among older adults aged 65+ in the United States. Americans’ life expectancy has increased and fall risk grows with age. While several evidence-based fall prevention programs are utilized to decrease fall risk among community-dwelling older adults, little research focuses on challenges or strategies related to sustained fall prevention program implementation. The purpose of this multi-method descriptive study was to assess fall risk outcome chan [...]

521 1978

Open Access Original Research

Power of Ikigai on Japanese Older Adults’ Well-Being

Received: 15 May 2025;  Published: 30 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504329

Abstract

In Japan, a super-aging society, the development of Ikigai is considered the key to extending healthy longevity in national policy. Thus, activities provided by local governments are designed to encourage Ikigai. At this point, Ikigai has developed its conceptual understanding, which includes its distinctiveness from life purposes and other closely related concepts. Empirical studies using developed measurements have shown that Ikigai has an impact on the mental and physical health of older adults across countries [...]

1073 8667

Open Access Original Research

When the Psychological Weight of the Burden Affects the Physical Weight of Caregivers of Older Patients in a French Memory Hospital (Lille, France)

Received: 23 May 2025;  Published: 10 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504328

Abstract

Caring for patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) can be challenging for caregivers, with the risk of malnutrition. Observational, retrospective, monocentric study carried out with patient-caregiver dyads admitted to the Memory Day Hospital of the Gerontology Center of the University Hospital of Lille over 6 months in 2023. Our objectives were to identify the socio-characteristics of caregivers who had recently experienced a variation in their weight, their degree of fatigue (using the Fatigue Numerical Ratin [...]

593 2108

Open Access Original Research

Annual Costs and Nursing Care Interventions to Prevent Falls Over 1 Year in a Long Term Care Facility

Received: 11 March 2025;  Published: 16 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503327

Abstract

Evidence shows the use of interventions to prevent falls are costly to healthcare facilities. Using a sample of older adult patients who fell at least once during the intervention year of a three-year cohort study in one long term care nursing facility, at a continuing care community providing skilled nursing and assisted living, we provide detailed evidence of the number and costs of durable medical equipment and number and type of non- durable medical nursing care interventions utilized to prevent subsequent fall [...]

753 3797

Open Access Original Research

Health Outcomes Associated with Community Senior Center Fitness Classes: Influence of Activity Type and Baseline Physical Activity Level

Received: 09 June 2025;  Published: 12 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503326

Abstract

Senior centers serve as community anchors for the approximately 57.8 million older adults in the U.S., offering a range of health promotion programs, including exercise classes. This study examined how the type of exercise programs at senior centers influences older adults’ health (mental, physical, and quality of life) and how baseline physical activity levels may influence these changes as part of a statewide health promotion program evaluation in senior centers in Delaware. The exercise programs offered were bas [...]

891 4284

Open Access Review

The Cellular Mechanism of Aging as Programmed Epigenetic Phenomenon: From Hypothesis to Scientific Evidence

Received: 04 December 2024;  Published: 10 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503325

Abstract

There is a main difference between theories explaining aging as an adaptive phenomenon that is determined and modulated by genes (i.e., the result of a specific “program”) and theories explaining aging as a non-adaptive phenomenon caused by the accumulation of random degenerative events. In fact, for adaptive theories, a genetically determined and modulated program determining aging is indispensable, while for non-adaptive theories, such a program cannot exist. However, there appears to be strong evidence to suppor [...]

1153 4574

Open Access Review

The Role of Telomeres in Senescence, Aging and Disease: Fiction and Reality

Received: 21 May 2025;  Published: 09 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503324

Abstract

Telomeres are repetitive structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. Due to incomplete DNA replication at the end of linear DNA molecules, the so called “end replication problem”, telomeres shorten consecutively during cell division. In addition, telomere sequences are highly susceptible to oxidative stress damaging telomeres and resulting in their dysfunction even in non-dividing cells. Telomere shortening has been identified as one of the underlying causes for replicative senescence that can also contribute to [...]

1010 10432

Open Access Review

Medical Digital Technologies in Older Patients with Cardiac Disease Achievements and Drawbacks

Received: 17 February 2025;  Published: 09 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503323

Abstract

Older adults are a growing population characterized by a high prevalence of multimorbidity and age-related conditions, such as organ and pharmacokinetic dysfunction. Medical digital technologies have emerged through the combined use of wearable, implantable, and insertable medical devices with digital systems. Gerontology aims to help older patients with disabilities utilize these technologies. These technologies are used in high-tech medical centers, particularly among older cardiac patients. Many cardiac societie [...]

649 2915

Open Access Case Report

Feasibility and Physiological Effects of a Home-Based Swallow Exercise Program Using sEMG Biofeedback in Prefrail Older Adults: A Case Series

Received: 28 April 2025;  Published: 13 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503322

Abstract

Age-related decline in swallowing function increases the risk of dysphagia in older adults. Strengthening the muscles involved in swallowing through proactive training may help prevent such decline, particularly in prefrail individuals. This case series evaluated the feasibility and physiological effects of a home-based effortful swallow training program in three prefrail older adults without swallowing impairments. The intervention used a wearable surface electromyography biofeedback device (Mobili-T®) to provide [...]

782 4863

Open Access Original Research

Transforming Community Strategy from Population Health to Quality Aging — The Role of Digital Technologies

Received: 03 March 2025;  Published: 11 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503321

Abstract

Aging is a multifaceted journey shaped by diverse life-course experiences, which contribute both to the challenges populations face in achieving their health goals and to the competencies they can bring to sustain health and aging. Community strategies designed to support population health—by leveraging technology and external partners—require transformation to effectively extend their focus to aging-related goals. In this paper, we adopt a service lens to examine how these community strategies, which co-produce pr [...]

831 5173

Open Access Short Review

Maximal 4-Second Cycle Accelerations Attenuate Sarcopenia and Improve Cardiovascular Function in Older Adults

Received: 20 February 2025;  Published: 08 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503320

Abstract

The shrinkage of muscles with age, beginning at 30 y and accelerating in old age, is due largely to atrophy of fast-twitch muscle fibers (FT) partly from disuse. It was our purpose to develop an exercise program that is effective and time efficient at stimulating FT, as well as slow-twitch fibers (ST), to offset their atrophy. FT are recruited during movements requiring very high force and/or high velocity. We developed a safe exercise cycle that allows a person to ‘accelerate’ with the maximal effort needed to rec [...]

803 4032

Open Access Original Research

“At My Age, Its Perhaps the End of My Walking or the End of a Lot of My Life”: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of a Serious Fall to Independent Older Adults

Received: 04 February 2025;  Published: 01 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503319

Abstract

The purpose of this original research was to describe the lived experience and meaning of a serious fall to independently residing older adults. A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized with a purposive sample of 19, independent, high-level functioning older adult residents of a Continuing Care Retirement Community to describe their most serious fall and its personal meaning. Traced through multiple data sources, interpretive analysis of the language expressed by older adults were integrated to support [...]

737 3632

Open Access Interview

An Interview with Dr. Pietro Gareri

Received: 02 July 2025;  Published: 02 July 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503318

617 2448

Open Access Review

Fall Prevention Knowledge and Attitude Tests-Surveys Used by Staff and Nurses: A Systematic Review of Current Literature

Received: 01 February 2025;  Published: 26 June 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502317

Abstract

Falls are a serious global public health issue affecting individuals of all ages, resulting in serious injuries, fatalities, and extended hospital stays. While knowledge and attitude of healthcare staff toward fall prevention are understood to impact patient safety, less well known are the type and content of fall prevention surveys used to identify nurses’ knowledge of fall prevention. Until now, no study has systematically reviewed the universe of existing tests, surveys, and programs used to assess fall pr [...]

1144 8486

Open Access Original Research

Dependence Levels and Oral Functionality in Older People

Received: 03 November 2024;  Published: 11 June 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502316

Abstract

It has been suggested that an individual's overall functional capacity gradually declines with age. It has been reported that a decline in oral functionality increases the risk of sarcopenia and frailty, which contributes to the decrease in functional capacity. In Chile, the Preventive Medical Examination for Older Adults (EMPAM) is used to assess the functionality of that population; however, this examination does not include an evaluation of oral functionality. To address this gap, the Preventive Dental Examinati [...]

948 3738

Open Access Review

Locked Plating Versus Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing in The Surgical Fixation of Periprosthetic Supra-condylar Knee Fractures: An Updated Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review

Received: 25 November 2024;  Published: 02 June 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502315

Abstract

Meta-analysist to evaluate impact of Surgical Methods on Outcomes in periprosthetic supracondylar knee fracture management. This study examines the rate of functional outcomes and complications associated with two distinct surgical methods for the management of periprosthetic supracondylar knee fractures in patients treated with Low Contact Locking Plates (LCP) and Retrograde Intramedullary Nails (RIMN). With the growing prevalence of total knee replacements, the incidence of periprosthetic supracondylar knee fract [...]

877 6892

Open Access Review

Overview of Practical Applications of Healthcare Ethics for Older Adults

Received: 30 January 2025;  Published: 30 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502314

Abstract

Identifying and addressing ethical issues in the care of older adults can be complex and challenging in clinical settings. This article reviews specific ethical principles including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, dignity, and justice, and explores them in the context of interprofessional geriatric care. Situations and related ethical components such as treatment in intensive care units, end-of-life care, dementia care, and aging with advancing technology are included. Case scenarios for each principle or s [...]

2618 19176

Open Access Case Report

An Unusual Presentation of Pleural Effusion in an Elderly Woman Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Received: 18 February 2025;  Published: 29 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502313

Abstract

Pleural effusions are defined as accumulations of fluid in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs. They are often secondary outcomes of underlying conditions, such as congestive heart failure, malignancy, or pneumonia. Acute cases of COVID-19 pneumonia have been linked to episodes of pleural effusion, but these cases are often rare. In this report, we analyze a case of pleural effusion in a 71-year-old female patient who had been declining after a recent COVID-19 infection and later died in the hospital. It is no [...]

967 5260

Open Access Case Report

Best Care for the Dying, Right Plan at the Right Time: A Case Report

Received: 31 January 2025;  Published: 28 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502312

Abstract

The growing number of individuals with palliative care needs has led to an increased demand for specialized palliative care teams.. However, these teams often struggle to meet the demand, requiring all nurses to recognize and provide appropriate care during a patient’s last hours and days of life (LHDL). This case report aims to highlight the importance of identifying the LHDL and implementing individualized and adjusted care plans based on the 10/40 model of care. A descriptive-reflective case report following the [...]

913 4067

Open Access Original Research

Using a Gamification Approach to Enhance Continued Use of Assistive Technology Intervention in Persons Living with Dementia

Received: 18 October 2024;  Published: 09 May 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502311

Abstract

Assistive technology (AT) interventions have shown promising results in supporting cognitive, social, and physical activities in persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers. Despite strong evidence of the effectiveness of AT, PLWD and their caregivers can disengage with the technology after it is used for a time – i.e., the “stickiness challenge”. Diminished use of AT reduces the opportunity for it to have optimal impact. We asked whether the opportunity to engage in cognitive games may enhance continu [...]

1120 5560

Open Access Interview

An Interview with Prof. Dr. Roy G. Beran

Received: 27 April 2025;  Published: 28 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502310

560 2702

Open Access Review

Dysphagia in the Elderly, A Tough Issue to Swallow

Received: 12 December 2024;  Published: 28 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502309

Abstract

Dysphagia in the geriatric population, age 65 or older, is increasingly common and a growing concern among healthcare providers. Not only can it critically impact quality of life, but it can also lead to clinically significant malnutrition, hospitalizations, increased length of stays, and has been shown to impact mortality. A multi-disciplinary approach to assess oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal etiologies is key to guiding targeted management, which can include behavioral modifications, medications, and endoscopic [...]

3494 19718

Open Access Review

Rejuvenating the Skin: The Role of Macro and Microalgae in Preventing Aging

Received: 26 January 2025;  Published: 17 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502308

Abstract

The increasing consumer demand for cosmetic products has led to the widespread use of synthetic substances, which are inexpensive and readily available but can sometimes harm the skin and body. Examples include hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and phthalates, which are considered endocrine disruptors, and synthetic fragrances that may cause irritation or allergies. Consequently, there has been a shift in consumer preferences towards natural cosmetic products. In response to this demand and the expanding market [...]

944 8318

Open Access Review

Advancing Single-Cell Detection of Senescent Cells: Laboratory Methods and Clinical Applications

Received: 30 November 2024;  Published: 14 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502307

Abstract

Cellular senescence (aging) is a physiological process that plays a role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and embryogenesis. Prolonged senescence of cells can have detrimental effects and trigger a secretory phenotype (SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype), degenerative disorders, cancer, and age-related diseases. Suitable biomarkers and a range of different laboratory methods are used to investigate these complex relationships in vitro and in vivo. Since a universal biomarker for cell senescence has [...]

1296 9390

Open Access Original Research

Experiences and Support Needs of Informal Caregivers in Managing Behavioral Symptom of Dementia

Received: 03 October 2024;  Published: 10 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502306

Abstract

About 90% of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias experience behavioral and psychological symptoms during the course of the disorder. Although extensive research exists on the roles of informal caregivers in dementia care, their abilities to manage behavioral symptoms and the resources they turn to for support remain understudied. This phenomenological study explored informal caregivers' experience, knowledge sources, and self-initiated strategies for managing behavioral symptoms of dementia [...]

881 4605

Open Access Original Research

Moldavian Dragonhead Extract: A Natural Collagen-Booster to Target Skin Aging

Received: 09 December 2024;  Published: 03 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502305

Abstract

The complex process of skin aging results in noticeable changes, including decreased collagen content, reduced elasticity, and decreased hydration. Interventions to preserve or restore collagen, a key structural protein, may help counteract these signs. The concept of "beauty from within” through nutritional supplements is of growing interest, particularly the use of plant-based alternatives to animal-derived or synthetic collagen. This study investigated the anti-aging potential of an extract from Moldavian dragon [...]

1008 9931

Open Access Concept Paper

Improving Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer through Multimodal Prehabilitation

Received: 19 August 2024;  Published: 19 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501304

Abstract

Elderly patients with ovarian and pancreatic cancer frequently experience malnutrition and sarcopenia, which negatively impact treatment tolerance, functional outcomes, and survival. The increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this population necessitates structured interventions to mitigate these challenges. While prehabilitation has shown promise in enhancing treatment tolerance and quality of life, its role during chemotherapy remains underexplored. This prospective study evaluates the feasibility and impa [...]

929 5391

Open Access Original Research

A Pilot Study Testing the Clinical Congruency of Healthcare Providers to Use a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Assess Falls in Older Adults

Received: 30 January 2024;  Published: 10 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501303

Abstract

This research sought to determine feasibility for RNs to use the Post Fall Index™ (PFI) and to determine if an RN could identify underlying causal event factors for falls, would it be congruent with other providers (advanced practice nurse [APN], physician [MD])? PFI data from 23 falling residents of a nursing home were compiled into clinical vignettes and reviewed by experts for underlying causal event factors/fall sub-types. RNs used the PFI for one month in practice. The RN generated the most diagnoses; pe [...]

614 3263

Open Access Original Research

Comparative Study on Mental Health Parameters among Yoga and Non-Yoga Practitioners in Older Adults Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

Received: 14 October 2024;  Published: 03 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501302

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress and disrupted routines affecting the psycho-social health of older adults, a vulnerable section of the population. Yogic practices have shown the potential to reduce stress, inflammation, and psychological health among other benefits. Hence, we explored the benefits of regular yoga practice on specific key mental health attributes in older adults amidst the pandemic. Using a case-control design, older adults (n = 54) who had been regularly practising yoga for the past six [...]

741 5128

Open Access Original Research

Comparison of Muscle Damage Markers and Myokines between Adult and Middle-Aged Marathon Runners

Received: 20 August 2024;  Published: 28 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501301

Abstract

This study compared markers of muscle damage and myokines between adult and middle-aged runners before and after the marathon. Seventy-four male runners: 48 adults aged 30-44 years (AA group), and 26 middle-aged individuals aged 45-59 years (MA group) participated of the study. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before, immediately after, 24 hours and 72 hours after the marathon to measure skeletal and cardiac muscle damage markers (CK, LDH, troponin, and proBNP) and myokines (IL-6, IL-15, decorin, BDNF, GDF-15, [...]

844 4606

Open Access Research Article

Motivation to Cultivate Social Ties and Diurnal Cortisol: Testing the Mediating Effect of Social Embeddedness in Chinese Older Adults

Received: 20 July 2024;  Published: 02 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501300

Abstract

Based on a framework derived from theories of social integration and health, this study examined the relationships between motivation to cultivate social ties or network cultivation, and diurnal salivary cortisol in Chinese older adults. The main objective was to determine the behavioral mechanism that translated a higher motivation to cultivate social ties into healthier diurnal cortisol rhythms in 82 community-dwelling elders in Shanghai. Participants were provided four saliva samples immediately, 30 minutes, and [...]

771 3352

Open Access Review

Diabetes and Sarcopenia: Intersection of Co Morbid Conditions

Received: 09 July 2024;  Published: 20 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501299

Abstract

Sarcopenia is more common in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in persons without diabetes. There is overlap of some pathophysiologic features of sarcopenia and T2DM. In addition, the risk for sarcopenia is associated with common complications of T2DM including renal disease, cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. Glycemic control in T2DM may have some benefits on sarcopenia. The specific effects of glucose lowering agents on sarcopenia suggest that metformin, insulin, thiazolidinediones and GLP1 re [...]

1237 6930

Open Access Case Report

Anticipatory Care Plan for End-Stage Chronic Kidney Patients – Case Report

Received: 29 October 2024;  Published: 18 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501298

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease is characterized by progressive, persistent, and irreversible loss of kidney function, with a high prevalence and increasing trend in the population. An important observation, common to all recent studies, is the constant changes experienced by these individuals. Analytical changes, health status and the patient's preferences should be considered when planning anticipatory care at any phase of the disease. To comprehend the significance of the Anticipatory Care Plan for Patients with End-Stag [...]

732 3595

Open Access Review

Platelet Immune Interactions, Lifespan, and Senescence

Received: 18 July 2024;  Published: 23 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501297

Abstract

In addition to their hemostatic functions, platelets play an essential role in immunologic interactions, which is confirmed by the observation of an increase in platelet counts in patients with immune-related thrombocytopenia and other autoimmune diseases after immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin concentrate. The mechanisms of action of this biological therapeutic option induce the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, agonists, and antagonists that target the complex pathop [...]

866 4656

Open Access Review

A Narrative Review of the Evidence Supporting Nutritional Supplementation for Better Muscle Health in Older Adults

Received: 15 February 2024;  Published: 23 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501296

Abstract

Sarcopenia is characterised by progressive and generalised decline in muscle strength, function, and muscle mass. Now recognised as a muscle disease, it is highly prevalent in older adults, with estimates of up to 30% in some populations. Sarcopenia has a complex multifactorial aetiology, including cellular and molecular changes, chronic disease, lower physical activity as well as nutritional deficiency. Sarcopenia is associated with a range of adverse physical and metabolic outcomes leading to disability, morbidit [...]

948 7970

Open Access Original Research

Intersectionality of Gender and Age as an Analytical Framework for Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women in Colombia

Received: 15 June 2024;  Published: 12 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501295

Abstract

This research article aims to address the critical gap in understanding intimate partner violence (IPV) among older women, particularly those over 60 years of age, in Colombian society. The study explores how IPV manifests during the later stages of life, providing insights specific to this age group. The research used qualitative methodology with 14 urban women who had experienced intimate partner violence in their later life. The study revealed that psychological violence was the most common type of abuse among o [...]

851 6675

Open Access Original Research

Opioid-Involved Elder Abuse in the United States: Perspectives from Adult Protective Services

Received: 23 August 2024;  Published: 09 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501294

Abstract

The purpose of this descriptive study was to understand the nature, extent, and challenges confronted by APS programs in the United States in providing services to older clients affected by opioids. The study design involved a two-step process: Phase I involved telephone interviews with state-level Adult Protective Services administrators from 11 states considered to be “hot-bed states” for the opioid epidemic. Findings from the administrator interviews informed questions for Phase II telephone interviews with indi [...]

925 4651

Open Access Editorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of OBM Geriatrics in 2024

Received: 02 January 2025;  Published: 02 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501293

Abstract

The editors of OBM Geriatrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2024. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the Web of S [...]

482 2330

Open Access Research Article

How to Keep Doing What You Like Doing: A Qualitative Study of Active Older Adults’ Insights on the Facilitators and Barriers to Maintenance of Physical Activity (From the MOVEAGE-Act Project)

Received: 05 June 2024;  Published: 17 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2404292

Abstract

While the facilitators/barriers for the initiation of physical activity (PA) are well documented, there is less known about these facilitators/barriers for maintenance of PA in the older population in general and not following an intervention. This study aimed to explore older adults’ perspectives on the facilitators/barriers to maintaining PA. The study used descriptive qualitative design, with three focus groups, one in Ireland and two in France. Participants were community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) 66% w [...]

838 5552

Open Access Review

A Conceptual Model of Dysphagia in Older Adults

Received: 06 August 2024;  Published: 09 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2404291

Abstract

A conceptual model was developed to create a basis for understanding the risk factors and outcomes associated with dysphagia and to hypothesize the nature of the relationship between certain factors. The conceptual model was developed by two academic speech-language pathologists with ≥10 years research and clinical experience in swallowing and dysphagia in older adults. A comprehensive review of English-language literature was conducted, and relevant, evidence-informed factors associated with dysphagia in older adu [...]

1824 10445

Open Access Review

Elder Abuse Around the World: An International Perspective

Received: 08 May 2024;  Published: 29 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403290

Abstract

Elder abuse is a hidden epidemic, with millions of older adults experiencing physical, psychological, or financial harm each year. However, the true extent of the problem is unknown due to under-reporting and lack of reliable data. This paper aims to provide an international perspective on the hidden epidemic of elder abuse, exploring the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of this global issue. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using multiple databases. Studies from various countries were [...]

1860 21380

Open Access Original Research

Exploring Caregiver Quality of Life in Dementia: The Role of Mealtime and Care Recipient Factors

Received: 01 July 2024;  Published: 28 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403289

Abstract

Informal caregivers play a critical role in supporting individuals with dementia, yet often face significant challenges that impact their own quality of life (QoL). This exploratory study investigates the multifaceted factors contributing to caregiver QoL, particularly focusing on care recipient factors including dysphagia, dietary restriction, dementia severity, and care recipient QoL. A total of 24 informal caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) participated in an online survey assessing various factors believ [...]

843 4859

Open Access Case Report

Olanzapine-Induced Hypothermia: A Case Report in an Elderly Black Male Patient Diagnosed with Bipolar 1 Type Disorder

Received: 18 March 2024;  Published: 14 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403288

Abstract

There are few reports that describe incidence of hypothermia in patients treated with olanzapine. We report a case of an elderly 83-year-old black male, readmitted to the state psychiatric hospital December 2023 due to psychiatric exacerbation after 6 months of successful discharge to community, who experienced a fall and profound hypothermia with bradycardia that resulted in a 10-day acute hospitalization in January 2024. Medical workup was unrevealing except for multivessel disease found on CT stroke study of the [...]

588 5290

Open Access Conference Report

Conference Report: Leveraging the Global Malnutrition Composite Score for Quality Improvement, Health Equity, and Better Patient Outcomes

Received: 10 April 2024;  Published: 10 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403287

Abstract

Effective January 2024, the United States Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for the first time has included a nutrition-focused quality measure in the Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) Program: the Global Malnutrition Composite Score (GMCS). The GMCS is an electronic clinical quality measure (eCQM) that hospitals can choose to report voluntarily to meet the requirements for IPPS IQR payments. The GMCS can help improve hospital malnutrition care and h [...]

751 6666

Open Access Original Research

Exploring Older Adults' Perceptions of Stair Hazards and an m-health Fall Prevention App: A Focus Group Study

Received: 27 May 2024;  Published: 28 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403286

Abstract

Older adults are disproportionately susceptible to hospitalizations and fatalities due to stair-related falls. While many intrinsic risk factors, such as mobility and vision, may increase the likelihood of falls on stairs, features of the stairs that increase the risk of falls are understudied. This study aimed to capture older adults’ perspectives of stair falls, as well as introduce the Safer Steps app and explore its feasibility in this population. This m-health technology was designed to gather data on st [...]

1237 13599

Open Access Original Research

The Impact of Intergenerational Support on the Elderly’s Life Satisfaction in China: A Comparison of Males and Females1

Received: 11 March 2024;  Published: 23 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403285

Abstract

This paper examines whether different types of intergenerational support have different effects on life satisfaction among the elderly, and whether a gender difference exists in the effect of intergenerational support on the elderly’s life satisfaction. Data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) were used for this study. The study sample consisted of 10,801 cases. A logit regression model was used for empirical verification. All types of intergenerational support were found to have effects on life [...]

1181 8438

Open Access Review

Yoga as a Potential Tool for Filling Implementation Gap in Promoting Better Mental Health in Geriatric Age Group at Global Level: A Scoping Review

Received: 18 June 2023;  Published: 05 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403284

Abstract

This scoping review aims to review the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention for improving mental health outcomes in the geriatric population globally. Yoga is practiced by millions worldwide. Since practitioners of yoga claim to have calmer minds and better psychological and physical health, this topic needs to be reviewed at length. There is a considerable treatment gap worldwide in treating mental disorders, especially in old age, and there is a shortage of low-cost, feasible, and acceptable prev [...]

1185 6822

Open Access Case Report

End-of-Life Skin Changes: Make Sure You Know What They Mean, a Case Study

Received: 02 March 2024;  Published: 31 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403283

Abstract

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Skin changes can result from natural ageing, as well as from acute or chronic diseases and failure of body systems. Various types of wounds are identified in Palliative Care, and terminal pressure ulcers are often incorrectly classified. This case study highlights the importance of recognizing skin ulcers in patients’ last hours and days of life as a diagnostic indicator for impending death. The first focus of nursing care was pain management and maintaining skin integri [...]

911 6552

Open Access Review

Practices Used in Health and Social Services for the Management of Mistreatment Situations towards Adults in a Context of Gender and Sexual Diversity: A Scoping Review

Received: 18 December 2023;  Published: 17 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403282

Abstract

Research indicates that adults in the context of gender and sexual diversity (GSD) experienced more violence and discrimination than the rest of the population. GSD refers to all the diversities of sexual characteristics, sexual orientations and gender identity of a person or a group. To encourage the use of evidence-based interventions in health and social services, it is important to extrapolate from the scientific literature how mistreatment situations are managed in this context. A scoping review was conducted [...]

1164 6831

Open Access Short Report

Integrating Palliative Medicine into Medical Education: Creating a More Compassionate Generation of Physicians

Received: 26 February 2024;  Published: 01 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403281

Abstract

How should Palliative Medicine competencies be taught to medical students? In the United States and other countries, there is a consensus that teaching Palliative Medicine competencies to medical students is essential. Health agencies have also identified teaching Palliative Medicine competencies as crucial. According to Sanchez-Reilly and Ross, medical students reported that they feel better prepared to care for the elderly, patients with severe illness, and dying patients after completing formal training. The aut [...]

803 4665

Open Access Original Research

The Multigenerational Legacy of Diabetes and Illness Perception: Influence on Older Adult’s Stigma

Received: 03 February 2024;  Published: 29 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402280

Abstract

There is not enough information regarding the impact of stigma associated with a. diagnosis of diabetes in aging older adults. Perceptions of diabetes are passed down generationally and may be influenced by mainstream societal perceptions at the time the perception is shaped. This is known as a multigenerational legacy of diabetes for those with whom the perceptions are shaped within families when a hereditarily predisposed condition occurs. In this study, participants over the age of (n = 88) 60 years old were adm [...]

1032 5165

Open Access Review

Exploration of Dementia Help Seeking Behaviours Amongst UK South Asian Communities: A Systematic Review

Received: 03 March 2024;  Published: 10 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402279

Abstract

In the UK, 25,000 people from ethnic minority background live with dementia. Although dementia associated risk factors are common amongst South Asians, they tend to present at services later and when in crisis. This review explores UK South Asian communities perception of dementia to understand factors impacting their decision to seek help. Search terms assisted by the PICO strategy were inputted into five databases and ten qualitative papers identified. Meta-ethnography methodological framework was implemented for [...]

1151 9190

Open Access Research Article

Characteristics of Elder Abuse Perpetrators by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity of the Abused: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Received: 20 December 2023;  Published: 16 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402278

Abstract

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older adults may be more vulnerable to elder abuse (EA) due to prior marginalization and trauma, lifelong discrimination, and health disparities. While characteristics of both victims and perpetrators can modify the risk for EA, few studies have focused on perpetrators. This study examined the number and type of perpetrator-victim relationships and perpetrator profiles for EA experienced in the prior year, by abuse type and sexual orientation and gender identity of the abused. Data [...]

1085 8190

Open Access Review

Osteoporosis Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Diet, and Treatment: A Narrative Review

Received: 26 December 2022;  Published: 09 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402277

Abstract

This narrative review aimed to select, gather, and present inclusive evidence about osteoporosis etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, diet, and treatment. We searched PubMed and Google using these terms: osteoporosis AND etiology, osteoporosis AND epidemiology, osteoporosis AND diagnosis, osteoporosis AND diet, and osteoporosis AND treatment. Each title of the extracted manuscripts was read first. If deemed suitable, the abstracts of the manuscripts and text were read carefully. Afterward, the details of each term we [...]

3080 25876

Open Access Review

Andropause: A Neglected Disease Entity

Received: 11 January 2024;  Published: 03 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402276

Abstract

This review aims to bring attention to the growing issue of andropause, a condition that affects men as they age. The literature was identified by searching the major bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Studies were included if they focused on strategies for reducing and preventing andropause, published between 1980 and 2023. Andropause, which is often overlooked and misconceived, is the result of a decrease in testosterone production and can result in p [...]

2674 68116

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