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Open Access Review

Social Connectedness in Preventing Suicide among Older Adults

Received: 30 August 2019;  Published: 02 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2001096

Abstract

Social isolation and social disconnectedness have resulted in some older adults ending their lives by suicide; therefore, improving social connectedness has become an integral part of suicide prevention programmes. The purpose of this literature review was to assess the impact of social connectedness interventions for preventing suicide in older adults. It is evident that interventions aimed at promoting social connectedness are intended to alleviate stress and depressive symptoms due to social separation and traum [...]

2370 13395

Open Access Review

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Insomnia - A Review of Current Data and Future Implications

Received: 09 October 2019;  Published: 02 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2001001

Abstract

Neuroimaging evidences point to the role of hyperarousal in the pathophysiology of insomnia. While actual treatments fail to directly target brain hyperarousal, emergent complementary therapies known as neuromodulation techniques aim to improve sleep in people with insomnia by targeting irregularities in their brain activity. In this paper, we narratively review the most relevant studies reporting the application of neuromodulation techniques to improve sleep in individuals with insomnia. Using a non-systematic app [...]

3343 22360

Open Access Original Research

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Tune Oxidative Degradation Rates in Composite Shape Memory Polymers

Received: 12 September 2019;  Published: 31 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904008

Abstract

Biomedical applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs) are limited by their biostability, degradability, and possible toxicity risks after implantation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used to increase the oxidative biostability (increase time until degradation occurs) using antioxidants and to induce oxidative degradation through incorporation of hydrogen peroxide-containing MSNs with modified surfaces. The presented results confirm increased oxidative stability using antioxidants, and alternatively, [...]

1927 11355

Open Access Original Research

Experimental Vapor-Pressures and Derived Thermodynamic Properties of Geothermal Fluids from Baden-Baden Geothermal Field (Southeastern Germany)

Received: 24 September 2019;  Published: 24 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/jept.1904006

Abstract

Background: In the present study, vapor-pressures of three geothermal fluids from Baden-Baden geothermal field (Kirchenstollen, Friedrichstollen, and Murquelle, southeastern region of Germany) were measured over the temperature range of 274-413 K. The combined expanded uncertainty of the temperature and vapor-pressure measurements at 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 0.01 K and 1-3 Pa at low and 10-30 Pa at high temperatures, respectively. The measured values of vapor-pressur [...]

2372 13129

Open Access Research Article

Public Familiarity with Geothermal Energy on the North American West Coast

Received: 18 November 2019;  Published: 24 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/jept.1904005

Abstract

The 2013 Pacific Coast Action Plan on Climate and Energy signed by the Governors of Oregon, California, and Washington and the Premier of British Columbia, launched a broadly announced public commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through multiple strategies. Those strategies include the development and increased use of renewable energy sources. The initiative recognized that citizens are both a central component to abating greenhouse gas emissions with regard to their energy use behaviors, and are important [...]

2032 1698751

Open Access Review

Endoscopic Therapy for Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis

Received: 17 October 2019;  Published: 23 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904042

Abstract

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is a clinical entity characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis which occurs on more than one occasion. Recurrence of pancreatitis generally occurs in a setting of a normal anatomical and functional gland, however, a chronic disease at early stage may be found either on the occasion of the first episode of pancreatitis or during the follow-up. The etiology of RAP can be identified in up to 70% of cases; for the remaining cases the term “idiopathic” is used. Most common caus [...]

1435 7898

Open Access Original Research

Imagined and Actual Movements with and without Suggestions for anesthesia in Subjects with Different Hypnotizability

Received: 10 September 2019;  Published: 18 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904066

Abstract

Background: Hypnotizability is a psychophysiological trait associated with several differences including the level of functional equivalence (FE) between imagery and perception, i.e., the similarity of the cortical activations and network configurations associated with each of them. FE is stronger in high hypnotizability individuals (highs) than low hypnotizable participants (lows). In this framework, this study investigates the correlation between electroencephalogram (EEG) of imagined arm/hand movements (MI) and [...]

1822 8649

Open Access Research Article

Silk-CNT Mediated Fibroblast Stimulation toward Chronic Wound Repair

Received: 30 October 2019;  Published: 18 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904007

Abstract

Background:Diabetic patients suffer from chronic wounds partly due to altered function of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of diabetic patients synthesize collagen I (COLI) at a much higher level than collagen III (COLIII), resulting in delayed tissue granulation and, consequently, a delay in the overall wound healing process. Methods:We aimed to revive the matrix protein productivity of diabetic fibroblasts by employing aligned, electrically conductive and biocompatible spider silk-CNT fibers as a cell culture matrix to m [...]

2541 13379

Open Access Original Research

The Daclatasvir/Asunaprevir/Beclabuvir Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Experiencing Failure of IFN-Free DAA-Based Therapies

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904041

Abstract

Background: Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir (DCV/ASV/BCV) combination therapy had been available for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype 1 (CHG1) in Japan. Our aim was to report the efficacy and safety of DCV/ASV/BCV in patients experiencing treatment failure with interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA)-based therapies, which have not been fully evaluated. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 12-week DCV/ASV/BCV combination therapy for CHG1 patients experien [...]

1338 8128

Open Access Original Research

Online Delivery of Emotional Freedom Techniques in the Treatment of Food Cravings and Weight Management: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Received: 14 October 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904065

Abstract

Background: The combination of dietary restraint and physical exercise as a recommended treatment for weight loss has had limited long-term success. One factor proposed as limiting weight management techniques efficacy is the failure to target psychological processes linked with overeating. Consistent with prior research that has identified the efficacy of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) in reducing food cravings and aiding weight loss, this pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) examined the impact of online d [...]

2486 30800

Open Access Research Article

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among Renal Transplant Recipients

Received: 11 August 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904095

Abstract

Background: Substantial evidence has established links between air pollution and increased risks of overall morbidity and mortality, especially for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, little research has explored these relationships among highly sensitive populations, such as renal transplant recipients. Despite the improvement in quality of life after renal transplantation, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major causes of graft loss and mortality. The present study was designed to assess the associa [...]

2260 12969

Open Access Review

Design Guidelines to Reduce Extrinsic Fall Risks in the Built Environment

Received: 28 August 2019;  Published: 16 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904095

Abstract

As people age, environments supporting changing needs can potentially impact their quality of life. Aging often leads to a decrease in the ability of people to interpret sensory cues within their environment. Using Pastalan's Empathic Model as a framework, a list of guidelines for the physical environment was established to address the extrinsic risk factors affecting falls. Attention to these items may not prevent all falls but will mitigate some of the external risks that cause falls for older adults. It is the g [...]

1796 13203

Open Access Review

Modelling Recurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis as Infectious Diseases Following Liver Transplantation

Received: 19 November 2019;  Published: 13 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904094

Abstract

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are idiopathic and progressive autoimmune hepatobiliary disorders that lead to liver failure and a need for liver transplantation in a proportion of individuals with poorly controlled disease. It is currently thought that an environmental agent triggers disease in a genetically susceptible host and to date, xenobiotics, bacteria and a human betaretrovirus have all been linked with PBC. However, there is no consensus on which agents predomina [...]

1857 10657

Open Access Review

The Role of Genetic Counseling in Gynecological Oncology

Received: 15 July 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904101

Abstract

Background: Clinical or medical genetics deals with the study and diagnosis of genetic diseases. It is oriented to the formulation of the clinical diagnosis of genetic diseases and genetic counseling to evaluate the possible reproductive risk for the patient and his/her family. The geneticists here play a role in the diagnosis and prevention of some of the diseases occurring most frequently, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: State-of-the-art through literature review. Results: Genetic counseling [...]

2134 17088

Open Access Original Research

Successful Aging and Positive Psychology: Two Empirically Related Perspectives

Received: 19 June 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904094

Abstract

Background: In the last two decades, successful aging (SA) and positive psychology (PP), the two paradigms of health have received great attention. They originate from different approaches, theoretical background, and objectives. Although they share many characteristics, their association remains understudied. This article aims to empirically analyze their possible interrelation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 169 healthy, old adults completed several questionnaires to assess the central framework for succ [...]

2705 18170

Open Access Original Research

Women’s Perceptions of the Embodied Experience of Osteoporosis across the Lifecourse

Received: 29 October 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904093

Abstract

Beliefs about the daily experience of a disease are used to identify risk and motivate participation in prevention. For osteoporosis, a disease that is affected by health behaviours throughout the lifecourse, individual perceptions of the disease can affect health decisions and future disease prevalence. Understanding how the experience of osteoporosis is perceived by women at different stages of life can illuminate factors that influence engagement in prevention. Women representing three life stages - young adults [...]

1469 9193

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Enriched Thematic Multi-Sensory Stimulation on BPSD in A Beach Room: A Pilot Study among Nursing-Home Residents with Dementia

Received: 02 April 2019;  Published: 11 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904092

Abstract

Background: Studies conducted on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions have indicated that sensory stimulation represents a promising approach to reduce the psychological and behavioral disturbances in people with dementia. Multi-sensory stimulation involves the simultaneous stimulation of multiple senses, through the use of various methods, for example, by using a variety of lights, gentle stimulating music, aromas, and tactile objects, among others. A relatively novel approach is the enriched thematic m [...]

2680 14577

Open Access Original Research

Exploring Quality of Sleep, Perceived Stress and Resilience in Cancer Survivorship: A Feasibility Study of Mindfulness in Motion

Received: 02 April 2019;  Published: 11 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904047

Abstract

Background: The global principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) have led to the creation of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), which are interventions that retrain the mind to modify its usual stress response to increase coping and resilience. Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) is an MBI that has shown significant biologic and positive psychosocial outcomes with adult working populations, but had not previously been tested in oncology populations and their caregivers. Utilizing MIM to improve sleep qua [...]

2271 14475

Open Access Review

Depression in the Elderly–Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Special Aspects, and Treatment Options

Received: 06 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904091

Abstract

The prevalence of Late-life Depression (LLD) has been estimated between 10% and 15%. Therefore, it is a considerable worldwide problem. The psychopathology is not substantially different from that of depressive episodes in young adults but somatic complaints in combination with end-of-life perspective leave an imprint on emotional experience. The frequent suicidal tendency, especially in old unmated men, remains a particular challenge. It is important to combine psychiatric and somatic diagnostics using modern meth [...]

1886 13055

Open Access Review

The Association between Bone Turnover Markers and Fracture in People with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 29 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904090

Abstract

Background: The increased risk of fractures in individuals with diabetes has been underestimated by conventional fracture predictors such as the bone mineral density T-score or the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. The present study conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and fractures in patients with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search. Eligibility criteria were studies investigating BTMs in patient [...]

1544 10077

Open Access Hypothesis

Combination of the Hansemann-Boveri, Warburg, and Knudson Theories of Cancer, Based on Failure of Missegregation Damage Mitigation

Received: 17 July 2019;  Published: 03 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904100

Abstract

Hansemann-Boveri’s aneuploidy theory, the Warburg effect, and the Knudson hypothesis can be viewed as different aspects of a single theory of cancer. In this, the extremely common chromosome missegregation may be the underlying cause. Chromosome missegregation is mitigated via several mechanisms. Cancer can occur only when all of these mechanisms have been inactivated in a single cell line, typically by mutation. There are at least five different repair mechanisms, implying a hit-factor of at least five. These miti [...]

2232 12524

Open Access Original Research

Automated Movement Feedback for Recovering Independence in the Sit-to-Stand Movement in an Older Population: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of a Novel System

Received: 23 September 2019;  Published: 02 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904089

Abstract

Background: The sit-to-stand (StS) movement is a frequently performed task critical to independent living that is both difficult to perform and associated with falls in older populations. Consequently, the recovery of this movement through supervised practice is a priority during the rehabilitation of older people. Technology may enable self-practice, potentially improving rehabilitation outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of an automated movement feedback [...]

2007 11935

Open Access Review

Therapeutic Apheresis in Prevention and Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Renal Allografts

Received: 13 October 2019;  Published: 02 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904093

Abstract

Antibody-mediated rejection represents a significant barrier to favorable long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation and remains the most common cause of allograft failure. Therapeutic apheresis techniques are commonly used, in combination with other treatments such as immunosuppressive drugs, in the pre-transplant and post-transplant protocols for the prevention and treatment of antibody-mediated injury. The rationale is to remove the donor-specific antibodies and the other inflammatory mediators, which inclu [...]

1763 11178

Open Access Review

Alzheimer’s Disease: Is a Dysfunctional Mevalonate Biosynthetic Pathway the Master-Inducer of Deleterious Changes in Cell Physiology?

Received: 03 October 2019;  Published: 29 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904046

Abstract

There is a growing awareness that the proteins—amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau—do not cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but are produced as a result of it. Similarly, doubt reigns over the degree of causality of high plasma cholesterol and prenylation in AD. This review proposes a fresh and important perspective, in addition to the current line of thinking. It emerges from comparative analysis, in evolutionary retrospect, of the characteristics of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathways in insects versus [...]

3281 19435

Open Access Review

Nutrition, Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics

Received: 01 October 2019;  Published: 28 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904099

Abstract

Epidemiological data and meta-analysis have confirmed that there exists a strong association between nutrition and disease risk. In the context of cancer, it has been demonstrated that unhealthy diets increase the risk of disease. On the other hand, major dietary interventions and lifestyle changes have been demonstrated to provide therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients. Genetic mechanisms have been reported to be associated with cancer development induced by environmental and nutritional factors. Genetics plays a [...]

2514 14263

Open Access Original Research

Social Engagement and Task Complexity: Physical Activity Characteristics and Executive Function Among Older Adults

Received: 15 May 2019;  Published: 27 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904064

Abstract

Physical activity participation has been found to favorably influence cognitive function across the lifespan. Specific characteristics, or qualities, of physical activity involvement (e.g., type, intensity, level of cognitive demand) may yield particular benefits. The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first objective was to develop taxonomies for two physical activity characteristics of interest: the level of task complexity (motoric and cognitive) and the level of social engagement. The second objective was [...]

2029 11922

Open Access Original Research

Diversity in the Bacterial Genus Dickeya Grouping Plant Pathogens and Waterways Isolates

Received: 25 July 2019;  Published: 26 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904098

Abstract

Background: Genus Dickeya comprises aggressive soft rot plant pathogens with wide geographic distribution and host ranges. Ten Dickeya species were characterized. Seven of them (Dickeya chrysanthemi, D. dadantii, D. dianthicola, D. fangzhongdai, D. solani, D. paradisiaca, and D. zeae) group causative agents of maceration-associated diseases that impact a wide variety of crops or ornamentals as well as isolates from fresh water. The other three species (D. aquatica, D. lacustris, D. undicola) were recently isolated [...]

2728 17506

Open Access Case Report

Physical Illness and Emotional Expression in Late Life

Received: 14 August 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904088

Abstract

Louise H., Ph.D was referred to me by her long-term primary care physician (PCP) who was certain that his patient was seriously depressed and in need of medication and possibly psychotherapy. My own assessment, in consultation with a neurologist, was that Louise’s problems with coping were primarily neurological, and that her issues were due to serious (and in one case embarrassing) symptoms. Her neurological problems (mild Parkinsonism and PseudoBulbar Affect, or PBA) are currently being addressed by the neurologi [...]

1407 8538

Open Access Research Article

Balance and Fall Rates are Associated with Chronic Pain, and Improve with Yoga

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904087

Abstract

Background: Falls are relatively common in older adults and are associated with chronic pain. Chronic pain may even be a predictor of falls in older adults. However, this relationship has not been studied in adults

1899 11249

Open Access Review

Engineering Bacterial Cellulose for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Abstract

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]

3234 22036

Open Access Case Report

Hypereosinophilia with Gastrointestinal Involvement: A Case Report

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 22 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904040

Abstract

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is currently defined by an absolute blood eosinophil count of more of 1500 cell per μL for more than 1 month and by multiorgan system infiltration. Eosinophilic colitis is an exceptionally rare inflammatory condition in which eosinophils infiltrate the colonic gut. It represents the least frequent manifestation of the wide spectrum of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We describe a case of an adult male patient with persistent eosinophilia for at least twenty-five years. During thi [...]

1512 9708

Open Access Research Article

Solvatochromism of Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Trifluoroacetylacetone and Dinitrogen Ligands

Received: 18 September 2019;  Published: 19 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/acr.1904001

Abstract

Mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of the empirical formula [Cu (L)(TFAA)]X, where L represents 2,2´-bipyridine (Bipy), 1,10´-phenanthroline (Phen), or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10´- phenanthroline (Dphen), TFAA is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, and X is the counter ion (BF4- or ClO4-), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, magnetic, molar conductance, elemental, and thermal analysis. Solvatochromic studies revealed that all the complexes showed bathochromic shifts. A square planar geometric structure is prop [...]

1953 10745

Open Access Research Article

Incidence, Location, and Natural History of Perihepatic Fluid Collections after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Received: 18 February 2019;  Published: 18 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904092

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the common locations of perihepatic fluid collections after liver transplantation, assess their complexity, and understand their natural history and clinical significance. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 189 postoperative orthotopic liver transplant patients with a mean age 49.6 years was performed using serial CT or MRI to characterize perihepatic fluid collections. Location, size, complexity of the collections, and clinical course were evalua [...]

1677 12764

Open Access Case Report

Toxoplasmosis: “An Often Forgotten Cause for Fever of Unknown Origin in Liver Transplant Recipients”. Case Report and Review of Literature

Received: 24 October 2019;  Published: 18 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904091

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis in liver transplantation (LT) is uncommon, especially in the current era of universal prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Here we present a case of a 55-year-old woman LT recipient, on dapsone or PJP prophylaxis due to sulfa allergy, who presented on day 25 after LT with fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Initially she was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus-associated colitis and was treated with intravenous ganciclovir, with good clinical [...]

2028 11398

Open Access Original Research

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Screening for Dysphagia among Older People Admitted to Medical Services – An International Survey

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 15 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904086

Abstract

Background: With the increasing age of the world population, the number of old and frail people is increasing. Respiratory disease is a common reason for hospital admission for older people. Aspiration of saliva, which is probably infected, is the likely etiological agent. The incidence of an abnormal swallow is high in frail older people. Despite the high incidence of swallow problems among older people, many hospital services do not routinely screen older people for dysphagia. Methods: A survey, using Research El [...]

2536 30165

Open Access Review

Scientometric Analysis of Scheduling in Renewable Energy: A Keyword and Citation Analysis

Received: 21 May 2019;  Published: 15 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/jept.1904004

Abstract

The aim of this paper is the scientometric analysis of articles on “scheduling in renewable energy” that have been published between 2000 and 2017. For this purpose, the terms “scheduling in renewable energy” and “unit commitment in renewable energy” have been searched. We have found 1009 articles in the Scopus database which include the terms mentioned above. VOSviewer and CiteSpace, as two well-known the scientometric analysis tools, have been used. Keywords analysis and citation analysis are two analysis methods [...]

2027 12198

Open Access Research Article

Relationship between Brain Injury and Clinical Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Received: 24 June 2019;  Published: 15 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904045

Abstract

Background: The newborn affected by severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury usually end up dying, and those who survive suffer neurodevelopmental handicaps. Biomarkers are required to identify the hypoxic-ischemic insult in order to determine the early rescue treatment method to be followed. The aim of the present study was to correlate relevant biomarkers to the pathophysiological process of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at 6 h and 72 h in newborn piglets. Methods:Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in the piglets by clampi [...]

1451 10494

Open Access Editorial

Highlights of Application of Homeopathy in Oncology Patients: An Interview with Prof. Michael Frass

Received: 13 November 2019;  Published: 14 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904063

Abstract

Highlights of Application of Homeopathy in Oncology Patients: An Interview with Prof. Michael Frass

1265 7965

Open Access Editorial

Fragility Fractures in the Elderly Osteoporotic Patient and the Efficacy of Fracture Liaison Service Programs

Received: 07 November 2019;  Published: 13 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904085

Abstract

None.

1699 9301

Open Access Original Research

Combination, Sequential Therapies Incorporating Tocilizumab Decrease the Progression of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) after Lung Transplantation: Initial Clinical Experience

Received: 19 September 2019;  Published: 07 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904090

Abstract

Introduction: TH-17 and IL-6 interactions and detrimental biologic effects have been shown in rodent models of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD). Similarly, these pathways have been found to be upregulated in human CLAD. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody targets the IL-6 receptor subunit alpha and prevents binding of IL-6. We herein report our preliminary experience with adjunctive TCZ therapy for human CLAD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our initial experience with TCZ given after o [...]

1471 9363

Open Access Review

Exploring the Rationale for the Use of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Received: 05 June 2019;  Published: 05 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904062

Abstract

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) was developed in the 1920s as a treatment for pediatric epilepsy and is emerging as a possible treatment option for certain mental health disorders. There is a link between certain mental health disorders and epilepsy, suggesting some commonality among underlying mechanisms. Methods: The literature relating to mental disorders and the KD is sparse. The authors attempt to a narrative review of the existing literature to show that there may be validity to studying the KD as a treat [...]

2409 15239

Open Access Review

Platelet Function in Experimental Models of Liver Cirrhosis

Received: 15 May 2019;  Published: 01 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904039

Abstract

(1) Background: Platelet function is commonly altered in liver cirrhosis. In experimenta models of liver cirrhosis we have analyzed the mechanisms of this defective function. (2) Methods: Experiments were performed in a model of liver cirrhosis by bile duct-ligation in washed platelets by means of fluorescence spectroscopy with fura-2. (3) Results: We have found several alterations compatible with the existence of a hyperaggregatory state. These alterations are related to a defective platelet calcium handling, spec [...]

1469 7214

Open Access Research Article

The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Eating Competence in A Sample of Canadian Post-Secondary Students

Received: 09 August 2019;  Published: 31 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904044

Abstract

Background: Post-secondary students are at increased risk for sleep problems and poor eating behaviours that overtime may lead to negative health outcomes later in life. However, limited research has examined associations of sleep quality with eating behaviours and eating competence (e.g., being positive, flexible, and comfortable with eating and getting enough enjoyable and nutritious foods) among Canadian post-secondary students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, participants completed an online surv [...]

2014 11311

Open Access Case Report

Qualitative Evaluation of Interdisciplinary Service Learning Experience to Assess and Manage Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Received: 15 August 2019;  Published: 29 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904084

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate faculty and student perceptions of a fall risk assessment and prevention activity for older adults offered in multiple community settings by health professional faculty and students. Background: In the US, the percentage of adults 65 and older who fell was more than 29% in 2018. Among states, Arkansas ranks 48th with 35.2% of older adults reporting a fall (CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2018). Methods: Four senior centers in Northwest Arkansas hosted a [...]

1877 11163

Open Access Research Article

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Deposition of Ultrathin SnTe Films

Received: 06 September 2019;  Published: 29 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904005

Abstract

Tin telluride (SnTe) ultrathin films were deposited electrochemically on polycrystalline and monocrystalline gold substrates using the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn and Te were studied systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry curves for Sn displayed a broad peak in the region between -0.15 V and -0.35 V, which was related to the under-potential deposition (UPD), while the curves for Te displayed a peak at 0.3 V for Te UPD. X-ray pho [...]

2095 90340

Open Access Review

Ageing: The Role of Ageism

Received: 20 June 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904083

Abstract

Worldwide, people are living longer but not necessarily experiencing optimal health since healthy ageing stems from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. The growing interdisciplinary literature on ageism from fields such as education, medicine, psychology, and social work increasingly highlights the pivotal role that ageism plays in ageing. Ageism is generally an overlooked factor in understanding and fostering healthy ageing. Ageism creates a negative view of the ageing process as marked [...]

5293 37931

Open Access Case Report

Primary Pancreatic-Type Acinar Cell Carcinoma of Jejunum Arising from Ectopic Pancreas with Synchronous Metastasis to Left Adrenal Gland

Received: 08 July 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904038

Abstract

Background: Pure pancreatic-type ACC outside the pancreas is extremely rare. Methods: We presented a very rare case of primary ACC of the pancreatic-type involving jejunum with a synchronous metastasis to left adrenal gland arising in well-developed ectopic pancreas which had fully developed pancreatic acini, islets of Langerhans, ductal structures, pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and a well-formed minor papilla that opens to the mucosal surface of jejunum. We also reviewed all 21 cases of pure pancreatic-type [...]

1522 7988

Open Access Case Report

A Silent and Very Early Post-Liver Transplant Death by Candida Arteritis

Received: 29 August 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904089

Abstract

Background: Graft site candidiasis is a serious complication after solid organ transplantation, often presenting as invasive arteritis leading to graft loss or even death. Case Report: We report a case of anastomotic site candidiasis leading to arterial rupture and death at postoperative day 10 with no clinical warning signs. Preservation fluid cultures were negative and postoperative Doppler ultrasonography did not show vascular compromise. Postmortem examination revealed microscopic arterial wall abscesses harbou [...]

1726 10169

Open Access Research Article

Using Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36v2®) to Predict Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Received: 14 September 2019;  Published: 25 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904082

Abstract

Background: Falls are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among older adults; therefore, the ability to predict fall risk among older adults is critical. Several performance-based outcome measures exist to assess fall risk. Psychological factors are also associated with fall risk yet can be difficult to assess and are often overlooked. In this study, we investigated whether the Short Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36v2®), a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), predicted future falls in [...]

1785 11518

Open Access Research Article

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Acupuncture, Plum Blossom, and Auriculotherapy in Treating Pain and Hot Flashes in Breast cancer Patients: An Observational Retrospective Study

Received: 27 September 2018;  Published: 25 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904061

Abstract

Background: Pain and vasomotor symptoms are the common side effects experienced by breast cancer patients undergoing conventional oncology treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine might represent a key treatment option for these side effects in a multidisciplinary pathway. Aim: The present study with a retrospective design was aimed at confirming the effectiveness of acupuncture, plum blossom, and auriculotherapy in reducing hot flashes and the intensity and frequency of pain in women with breast cancer. Materials [...]

1899 12184

Open Access Original Research

Oral Management in Pre-HSCT Patients: An Evaluation of Oral and Systemic Complications

Received: 14 June 2019;  Published: 21 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904088

Abstract

Objective: Hematopoietic stem cells transplant (HSCT) requires being preceded by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The neutropenia and thrombocytopenia which follows may be the possible cause of post-transplant complications. It is required that the patient undergoing transplantation is eradicated of any possible infectious focus. Currently, a uniform protocol for the oral management of these patients is unavailable. Methods: The approach for the dental management of each patient was designed as a more selective proto [...]

1831 8968

Open Access Concept Paper

Admiral Nursing in Primary Care: Peri and Post-Diagnostic Support for Families Affected by Dementia within the UK Primary Care Network Model

Received: 19 September 2019;  Published: 18 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904081

Abstract

The population of the United Kingdom is ageing. In 2017 approximately 18% of the UK population were aged 65 years or over and projected to grow to almost 21% by 2027 according to the Office of National Statistics. Increased age is the greatest risk factor for developing dementia. It is estimated that there are 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK and if current figures relating to incidence and prevalence are realised, this will increase to 1 million people by 2025 and 2 million by 2051. The National Healt [...]

2105 15600

Open Access Review

Herb-Drug Interactions in Oncology: A Clinical Up-Date

Received: 27 September 2018;  Published: 18 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904060

Abstract

Phytotherapy, which is defined as the use of titrated herbal extracts in clinical practice, has been receiving increasing interest in the scientific community recently. In the present report, information regarding the most important mechanisms underlying the drug-drug interactions (DDI) and herb-drug interactions (HDI) has been discussed briefly. Furthermore, the best known and relevant interactions of Ginkgo biloba, Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit Juice), Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle), Hypericum perforatum (St. John [...]

2260 17246

Open Access Review

Optimizing Phage Translation Initiation

Received: 09 June 2019;  Published: 17 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904097

Abstract

Phage as an anti-bacterial agent must be efficient in killing bacteria, and consequently needs to replicate efficiently. Protein production is a limiting step in replication in almost all forms of life, including phages. Efficient protein production depends on the efficiency of translation initiation, elongation and termination, with translation initiation often being rate limiting. Initiation signals such as Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences and start codon are decoded by anti-SD sequences and initiation tRNA, respect [...]

2082 15791

Open Access Review

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in Physiology, Cancer, and Cancer Treatment

Received: 14 May 2019;  Published: 14 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1904096

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a strong mitogenic peptide with an imprinted gene that is primarily involved in fetal development. It is highly expressed in the fetus where it is involved in fetal growth and tissue differentiation. However, postnatally, the expression of IGF2 decreases despite higher expression levels in the blood as compared with that of IGF1. In adults, the physiological function of IGF2 is poorly understood; however, the possibility of a metabolic function exists. Although the expression [...]

2568 17232

Open Access Original Research

Naming and Framing the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) Paradigm: Professional Stakeholder Perspectives

Received: 08 September 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904080

Abstract

Background: Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Challenging Behaviour in dementia are just two of a variety of terms for a complex paradigm that covers the most distressing and costly aspects of the condition. The terminology used to describe these aspects can influence what is measured as outcomes and what is considered as evidence of improvement. Unhelpful or outmoded narratives could be a barrier to developing innovative interventions or in determining what works for whom. This UK study explor [...]

2663 20656

Open Access Original Research

Formulation-Properties of Novel Ibuprofen-Loaded Soy Protein Wound Dressings

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904004

Abstract

Background:Wound management is an important field in medical care, as annually, millions of wounds require treatment worldwide. Soy protein is highly biocompatible, easily processed, and a relatively cheap natural polymer, which can be used for wound dressing applications. Methods:In this study, solvent cast soy protein films, plasticized by glycerol and cross-linked by glyoxal, were thermally treated and their mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of various processing parameters. Samples were then lo [...]

2267 10317

Open Access Perspective

Behavioral versus Biological Definitions of Dementia Symptoms: Recognizing that Worthwhile Interventions already Exist

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904079

Abstract

Background: The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures special report includes two new guidelines for measuring dementia symptoms. The first requires that a biomarker (biological factor) be added to a doctor's clinical judgment of the cause of symptoms when determining whether dementia is present. The second involves identifying four stages of dementia: normal cognition, preclinical, MCI and dementia. Now only those with defining brain pathologies and significant symptoms will be judged to be persons with stage [...]

3651 15340

Open Access Research Article

GAPcare: The Geriatric Acute and Post-Acute Fall Prevention Intervention for Emergency Department Patients – A Qualitative Evaluation

Received: 21 August 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904078

Abstract

Background: Three million US emergency department (ED) visits occur for falls each year. The mortality of falls is increasing and only one fourth of older adults report their fall to their primary care provider, suggesting that valuable preventative opportunities are missed. A fall prevention intervention initiated in the ED immediately after a fall has the potential to reduce subsequent falls, but ED providers lack the time and resources to complete fall risk assessments on their patients. GAPcare, the Geriatric A [...]

3537 15163

Open Access Research Article

Does a Brief Mindfulness Training Enhance Heartfulness in Students? Results of a Pilot Study

Received: 24 May 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904059

Abstract

Background: There is robust evidence that mindfulness trainings enhance mindfulness as operationalized in Western psychology, but evidence about their effect on aspects of heartfulness is sparse. The present study, therefore, sought to evaluate whether a brief mindfulness training enhances heart qualities, including self-compassion, gratitude, and the generation of feelings of happiness. Methods: Eighteen students enrolled in a mindfulness training that was offered as part of an interdisciplinary class. The trainin [...]

2007 10065

Open Access Original Research

Acute Exercise on Reversal Learning

Received: 15 July 2019;  Published: 09 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904043

Abstract

Objective: Reversal learning requires an individual to alter their behavior when previously learned reward-based contingencies are reversed. Reversal learning is heavily influenced by cognitive flexibility, which has been shown to be enhanced with acute exercise. However, minimal work has directly evaluated the effects of acute exercise on reversal learning, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: A between-subject randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N=60) were randomized into [...]

1573 9691

Open Access Review

Aging in A Changing World – the Impact of Social Contact and Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality among Older People from Austria – A Biological Perspective

Received: 23 June 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904077

Abstract

Background: All over the world we are confronted with an absolute and relative increase in the proportion of older people. In order to develop strategies to keep older people healthy and independent as long as possible, analyses of factors influencing health related quality of life (HRQL) during old age are necessary. The aim of this review is to present the results of three projects carried out in Austria by the author focusing on the impact of social contact and physical activity on HRQL. Methods: The standardize [...]

1783 10736

Open Access Review

The Role of Massage in Bereavement: A Scoping Review

Received: 06 August 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904058

Abstract

Background: Death is a universal human experience. The experience of grief is unique for each person experiencing it. There is emerging research on modalities that provide support for bereaved individuals including bereavement massage. There is limited information in the literature about the specific role that massage can play in supporting bereaved individuals. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature that reports on the use and outcomes of bereavement massage so that massage therapists, consume [...]

2548 12695

Open Access Case Report

The Surgical Approach for Obtaining Abdominal Wall Closure in Renal Transplant Recipients with Temporary or Permanent Loss of Fascial Integrity Following Emergency Reoperative Surgery

Received: 01 July 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904087

Abstract

A range of corrective surgical procedures may be required in adult renal transplant recipients who sustain loss of integrity of the abdominal wall in the first month postoperatively. Where this involves the fascia, such as in acute fascial dehiscence or in renal allograft compartment syndrome, more sophisticated reconstructive procedures may also be required, particularly in the setting of surgical site infection. There is limited data on the use of prosthetic or biologic mesh for this type of scenario, where urgen [...]

1929 10952

Open Access Perspective

Missing the Target to Treat in Crohn’s Disease

Received: 05 April 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903036

1400 7081

Open Access Case Report

Partial Response of Alopecia Areata to Helicobacter Pylori Eradication and Treatment with Low-Dose Naltrexone

Received: 26 June 2019;  Published: 30 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903037

Abstract

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin. It has been proposed that it is a multifactorial disease with genetic, immunological, infectious, circulatory, and psychogenic factors being involved in its etiopathogenesis. Its association with other autoimmune diseases is frequent. The infection of Helicobacter pylori has been linked to multiple immuno-mediated extradigestive conditions including alopecia areata. There is scientific evidence of the usefulness of naltrexone in low doses (an opioid antago [...]

1451 11322

Open Access Concept Paper

The “PRIMING, TIMING, MIMING” Model of Individualized Behavioural Care Planning for Residents with Dementia

Received: 30 July 2019;  Published: 29 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903076

Abstract

The current paper introduces the “Priming/Timing/Miming” Model of Behavioural Care Planning for persons with Dementia. This simple heuristic provides a quick, easy and systematic way to select from the vast number of behavioural strategies offered in the BPSD literature and to organize these in a way that can be incorporated into an individualized Behaviour Care Plan to deliver personal care to persons with dementia and also to develop a larger plan of care. An entire care plan is captured on one double-sided sheet [...]

1919 13686

Open Access Review

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Tool for Quantifying Neurophysiological Changes in the Brain Following Concussion Injury in Sports

Received: 05 July 2019;  Published: 27 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903042

Abstract

Background: Sport-related concussion is a growing public health concern. Defined as a injury that disturbs neurological functions, concussion is characterised by a constellation of signs and symptoms. However, clinical imaging methods do not reveal any structural damage. Recently, neurophysiological techniques such as single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are being applied to quantify neurophysiological changes (specifically corticospinal and intracortical excitation and intracortical inhi [...]

1974 12052

Open Access Comment

Clinical, Theoretical and Conceptual Issues in Chronic Pain and Their Application in a Hypnosis Practice

Received: 01 July 2019;  Published: 26 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903057

Abstract

Hypnosis interventions consistently produce significant decreases in pain associated with a variety of chronic-pain problems (Elkins, Jensen & Patterson 2007) while neurophysiological studies have shown that specific hypnotic suggestions have clear effects on the brain and spinal cord functioning (Jensen & Patterson 2014; Flynn, 2019). Thus, it isuseful for clinicians who practise hypnotherapy to understand pain paradigms.

2148 9311

Open Access Original Research

Treatment of Chronic Post Surgical Pain Using Micro-current Point Stimulation Applied to C-Section Scars

Received: 25 March 2019;  Published: 25 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903056

Abstract

Background: Direct Current (DC) micro-current point stimulation (MPS) is increasingly recognized as a therapy for chronic pain and stress management. However, there remains limited evidence as to the therapeutic value of MPS in chronic post surgical pain (CPSP) management related to C-Section scars. Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect and magnitude that MPS has when applied to C-section scars and its effects on a wide variety of non-specific chronic post surgical pain syndromes. Study Design: This was a co [...]

2250 18345

Open Access Perspective

Shedding Light on a New Psychology of Movement and Exercise

Received: 24 July 2019;  Published: 24 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903055

Abstract

Let’s consider the issues of exercise and cognitive function from a different angle, by moving from sitting to standing for instance. Not only does seeing anything from different perspectives reflect our cognitive flexibility [1], it also has a direct impact on the executive performance. Interestingly, recent studies reported a smaller Stroop effect when standing than when sitting [2-3] or after stepping backward [4], evidencing that the body posture enhances selective attention and cognitive control. Hence a call [...]

2293 8983

Open Access Review

Present and Future Strategies with Curative Intent for Hereditary Hemoglobinopathies

Received: 27 February 2019;  Published: 24 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903086

Abstract

Nowadays, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a common procedure in hematology units within reference centers, mainly for the treatment of hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia. Nevertheless, HSCT has much wider applications, namely in autoimmune diseases, congenital metabolic defects, and hemoglobinopathies. Thalassemia major and sickle cell disease make up the most frequent hereditary hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Despite advances on the prevention and tre [...]

1690 9031

Open Access Original Research

Sleep Symptoms Differentially Predict Cognition in Younger and Older-Onset Parkinson's Disease

Received: 13 May 2019;  Published: 23 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903075

Abstract

Background: Both disrupted sleep and cognitive impairment are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the evidence for a relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and cognitive symptoms has been equivocal. If sleep symptoms differentially predict cognition in different subtypes, effects may be obscured in a general PD sample. Objective: First, to determine whether the associations between participant and disease variables, sleep symptoms and cognitive performance vary by subtype (younger and olde [...]

2192 11984

Open Access Research Article

The End Effector of Ischemic Tolerance Present in Blood Plasma from Double Conditioned Donors Ameliorates Trimethyltin Provoked Damage in Brain

Received: 03 June 2019;  Published: 20 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903041

Abstract

Background: Many experiments have been done to demonstrate robust ischemic tolerance efficiency using mostly young and healthy animals. However, the translation of these results to usually elderly and sick patients moreover taking many various medicines has to date been disappointing. 3-Methyltin (TMT) poisoning and short-term transient cerebral ischemia cause similar damage, especially, to selectively vulnerable brain regions such as hippocampal CA1 and CA3. Methods: Using dual conditioning, we activated the full [...]

1889 9349

Open Access Short Report

Thalassemia Intermedia Caused by a Combination of a Globin Gene Triplication with Heterozygosity for β0 Thalassemia: A Case Report

Received: 19 May 2019;  Published: 17 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1903095

Abstract

Thalassemia syndromes are a group of hemoglobinopathies characterized by gene defects that disrupt normal hemoglobin production. Thalassemia intermedia (TI) is referred to as a group of disorders with a less severe form of the disease compared to thalassemia major. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who was referred to a hematologist for chronic anemia and splenomegaly.

1975 11202

Open Access Review

Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature

Received: 14 May 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903074

Abstract

Background: Dementia is a progressive and debilitating condition that affects millions of patients in the United States with an enormous impact on healthcare costs, caregivers, and society. Patients with dementia often experience dementia-related neuropsychiatric disturbances, commonly known as Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and more recently Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. These symptoms include verbal and physical agitation, aggression, disinhibition, affect lability, apathy [...]

2026 15383

Open Access Review

Delaying Dementia: Targeted Brain Delivery Using Lipid Cubic Phases

Received: 22 August 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903040

Abstract

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction precedes, often by decades, the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Hence, preservation of a healthy cerebrovascular endothelium can be an important therapeutic target. By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into biomimetic (lipid cubic phase) nanocarriers, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic which targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors, mainly class B type I (i.e., SR-BI), and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Documented similarities in [...]

1677 9453

Open Access Editorial

Introduction to Genetic Screening

Received: 06 September 2019;  Published: 11 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1903094

Abstract

We present here the content and articles of this special issue on genetic screening, putting them in perspective with the field and between themselves.

2044 9364

Open Access Review

Impact of Case Management on HIV Patients’ Linkage to Care and Their Clinical Outcome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Received: 11 August 2019;  Published: 09 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903039

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to investigate the impact of case management on the link between HIV/AIDS patients (HIV-infected persons) and HIV treatment, and to investigate the impact of case management on their morbidity and mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, Current Contents, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Effect Review Summary Database and the ACP Journal Club until May 2018. A randomized clinical trial examined the impact of case management on the association of PLHA with c [...]

2170 11978

Open Access Communication

Upregulation of COX-2 in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells When Exposed to Shear Stress

Received: 17 June 2019;  Published: 06 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1903092

Abstract

Background: Invasive breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women in the United States and causes one of the highest cancer mortality rates for women. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a central enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, is implicated in breast cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis, and has been linked to the mechanotransduction of breast cancers. However, it is not currently known if shear stress mediated mechanotransduction is affected by COX-2. Therefore, in this report, we hypothesized that COX-2 m [...]

2301 19601

Open Access Review

Newborn Screening for Genetic Diseases: An Overview of Current and Future Applications

Received: 01 July 2019;  Published: 06 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1903093

Abstract

Newborn screening (NBS) for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was introduced more than 50 years ago with the testing of phenylketonuria (PKU) using blood spots deposited on a filter paper after heel prick. NBS aims to identify early after birth inherited disorders for which clinical management and pre-symptomatic treatment will significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. While NBS for a few other disorders was implemented in some specific jurisdictions over the following decades, it is with the introduction of [...]

2500 14148

Open Access Original Research

Feasibility of a Functional Medicine Approach to Slowing Clinical Cognitive Decline in Patients over Age 55: A Multiple Case Study Report

Received: 29 April 2019;  Published: 06 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903054

Abstract

Background: The current study examined a multifaceted anti-neuroinflammatory intervention that included physical exercise, mental exercise, grain-free/sugar-free diet, anti-inflammatory nutritional supplements, sleep optimization, and stress management within the context of a functional medicine practice for five patients with varying levels of cognitive impairment. Methods: In a prospective chart review, we examined impact measures including assessment of (1) cognitive skills, (2) brain connectivity, and (3) daily [...]

2709 23432

Open Access Review

Infectious Considerations for Patients on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Received: 07 July 2019;  Published: 06 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903085

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory states lead to T cell exhaustion, characterized by reduced T cell proliferation and activity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) reactivate T cells to restore the immune system’s natural defenses against foreign antigens. The widespread use of these agents in the treatment of malignancy has led to markedly reduced tumor burden and improved patient survival, sparking curiosity about their potential role in the treatment of other chronic inflammatory states, including infectious diseases. While [...]

1502 9177

Open Access Original Research

The Viterbo Hydrothermal System and Its Sustainable Exploitation, Central Italy

Received: 14 May 2019;  Published: 05 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/jept.1903003

Abstract

Background: The Regione Lazio-Direzione Regionale dello Sviluppo Economico e delle Attività Produttive (RL–DRSEAP), carrying out its public functions to govern the use of mineral resources (including thermal water), planned the exploitation of the Viterbo hydrothermal system on the basis of a conceptual hydrogeological model (CHM). The CHMs of the Viterbo area and that of the neighboring Tuscany region, characterized by the same geological and hydrogeological setting, are discussed, suggesting the unreliability of [...]

2389 23045

Open Access Review

Super-Resolution of Nano-Materials and Quantum Effects Obtained by Microspheres

Received: 29 July 2019;  Published: 04 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903003

Abstract

In this article, microsphere super-resolution, which are beyond the Abbe classical limit, are described. The conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves is analyzed by using the geometry of the microsphere. In microsphere experiments, a nanojet is produced near the focal plane, where its width is smaller than the Abbe limit and remains unchanged in the axial direction for certain wavelengths. The interference between the evanescent waves being converted into propagating waves and the nanojet leads to an i [...]

2043 10433

Open Access Review

Benefits of Combined Liver Transplant: Protection or Tolerance?

Received: 18 April 2019;  Published: 04 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903084

Abstract

The privileged liver, due to its immunological status, is referred to as a tolerogenic organ. However, this alone does not explain the introduction of tolerance after single or combined liver transplantation (kidney, heart, pancreas, and intestine); other factors, such as recipient’s age, donor’s hepatic volume, iron metabolism, biomarkers, or imprint of cytomegalovirus infection, appear to be involved in the identification of patients who are likely to be tolerant to their graft. All the afore-stated factors appea [...]

1900 11342

Open Access Original Research

Assessing the Pressure and Thermal Discomfort Thresholds for Designing of Therapeutic Gloves: A Pilot Study

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 02 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903053

Abstract

Background: Pressure and thermal therapy gloves are the two types of therapeutic gloves that are commonly used to relieve symptoms and improve hand function in patients with hand arthritis. However, no published clinical study exists indicating ideal pressure and thermal stimuli for the gloves. Understanding user thresholds for the pressure and thermal stimuli is crucial to improve therapeutic outcomes, wearer's comfort, and adherence to the therapy. There were two main aims of this pilot study, firstly to examine [...]

2107 11743

Open Access Case Report

Secondary Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Paracetamol and Codeine Administration after Dental Treatment: Literature Analysis and Clinical Case Study

Received: 29 April 2019;  Published: 30 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903035

Abstract

OBJECTIVES To review current literature analysing possible secondary complications in response to the administration of paracetamol and codeine as analgesics in the dental field. To discuss a case of secondary acute pancreatitis triggered by the administration of both active ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 28-year-old patient, without any pancreatic or hepatobiliary condition was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis 3 hours after taking paracetamol 500mg and codeine 30mg prescribed as pain-relief therapy after ex [...]

1418 9819

Open Access Review

Rare Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: Drugs, Eosinophilia, and Autoimmunity

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1903034

Abstract

Background: Among the rarest causes of acute pancreatitis, in addition to the drugs (DIAP), there are eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods: we have researched on PUBMED the descriptions of clinical cases of eosinophilic pancreatitis appeared from 1990 to February 2019 and those related to new drugs responsible for acute pancreatitis. Results: we found about thirty reports of eosinophilic pancreatitis associated or not with hypereosinophilia and gastro-intestinal manifestations. [...]

1388 8948

Open Access Review

Hyperglycemia-Induced Brain Injury in Preterm Infants

Received: 29 May 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903038

Abstract

Hyperglycemia soon after birth is common in extremely preterm infants. Hyperglycemia is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage and impaired neurodevelopmental outcome in these infants. Recent data in human infants and animal models demonstrate that hyperglycemia leads to decreased white matter content, abnormal synaptogenesis, microgliosis, and functional deficits in the absence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Data suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal substrate metabolism are respon [...]

2063 14181

Open Access Research Article

Characterization of Early Indicators of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Lesions in a Rat Model Using Non-Invasive Cellular MR

Received: 07 January 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903083

Abstract

Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a major obstacle to long-term heart allograft survival. A number of studies show that immune mechanisms are involved in CAV. Using non-invasive cellular MRI (CMRI) to explore indicators of CAV lesions and characterize its development could provide new insights into the target immune cells that are responsible for the progression of CAV and reveal early markers of the disease before irreversible changes occur. Methods and Results: Rat heart transplant allograf [...]

1904 9665

Open Access Review

Does a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise Improve Set Shifting in Healthy Young Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 24 April 2019;  Published: 28 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1903052

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether acute aerobic exercise improves subsequent set shifting performance in healthy young individuals. Potential moderation of studies’ methodological quality and exercise intensity, as well as the presence of small-study effect was also examined. Studies were identified using electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus, as well as references of recent meta-analyses and references of included studies. In total, 12 studies were included into [...]

1812 10696

Open Access Short Report

Estradiol 17-β Induces Pancreatic Beta-Cell Proliferation through Distinct Estrogen Receptors in a Glucose Dependent Manner

Received: 17 April 2019;  Published: 27 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903082

Abstract

Background: Estradiol 17-beta (E2) enhances the function and survival of pancreatic beta-cells, but its clinical use has been questioned due to concerns regarding oncogenic potential and feminizing effects in males. The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), expressed in pancreatic islets, exhibits estrogenic beta-cell protective effects without the feminizing effects of the nuclear ERs. Here, we examine the outcome of selective activation of the three estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ, and GPER on rep [...]

1293 9349

Open Access Original Research

Wisdom of the Elders: Narratives Enhancing Trainees’ Attitudes Towards Aging

Received: 25 April 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903072

Abstract

Background: Narratives encompass written reflection experiences and hold the potential to display valuable insights into trainees’ thinking. We analyzed narratives from graduate students trained in aging themes, who then interviewed older hospitalized adults (senior partners) about their life experiences. Methods: Three Discovery & Learning Fellows trained on open-ended interviewing, empathy, and aging themes performed semi-structured interviews. Senior partners were hospitalized older veterans. After the [...]

1651 9828

Open Access Review

Facilitation of Social Support through Negative Allosteric Modulation of α5-Associated GABAA Receptors: A Novel Mechanism for the Treatment of Depression, Agitation, and Aggression in the Elderly

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903073

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a highly-prevalent and debilitating disorder in the aged population. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests a key role for social support in helping to mitigate depression. Preclinical data are reviewed that indicate that selective negative allosteric modulation of α5-containing GABAA receptors, as with RY-080, might rapidly impact depression in patients. Further, preclinical data in transgenic mice modeling neurodegenerative diseases has suggested that this mechanism might also [...]

1845 11190

Open Access Original Research

Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulation, and Major Bleeding Episodes in Geriatric Patients at the Risk of Falling

Received: 22 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903071

Abstract

Background: Geriatric patients are at risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke, and the risk of oral anticoagulation (OAC) related bleeding is also presumed to be higher. Detailed knowledge about the prevalence of AF and bleeding pattern in this population is scarce. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AF, use of OAC, and the rate of major bleeding in geriatric patients who are prone to frequent falls. We expect to find a higher prevalence of AF among geriatric patients compared to elderly people of co [...]

1667 10449

Open Access Review

Viral Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Literature Review

Received: 25 June 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903081

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at an increased risk of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. Past exposures to infections, the degree of immunosuppression, prolonged neutropenia and presence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) are some of the factors which make HSCT recipients more susceptible to infections. Viral infections have emerged as a major challenge causing high morbidity and mortality in stem cell transplant recipients. Myeloablative conditioning regimens and GVHD pr [...]

2413 16848

Open Access Original Research

Deletion of Subtelomeric Regions in the Linear Chromosome of Variants Isolated from Streptomyces avermitilis NBRC 14893T

Received: 19 April 2019;  Published: 23 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1903091

Abstract

Background: Streptomyces avermitilis is an actinomycete that produces avermectins. The complete genome sequence of S. avermitilis K139 was determined in 2003. In our previous study, we revealed that S. avermitilis NBRC 14893T harbors two extra secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs), com and ptx, which are not present in strain K139. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing for S. avermitilis NBRC 14893T and ATCC 31267T was carried out by the SMRT DNA sequencing technology to determine the genomic loci enc [...]

3597 10457

Open Access Review

Induction of Tolerance towards Solid Organ Allografts Using Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Large Animal Models

Received: 23 November 2018;  Published: 23 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903080

Abstract

Background: The application of hematopoietic cell transplantation for induction of immune tolerance has been limited by toxicities associated with conditioning regimens and to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Decades of animal studies have culminated into sufficient control of these two problems, making immune tolerance a viable alternative to life-long application of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent allograft rejection. Methods: Studies in mice have paved the way for the application of HCT with limited toxicity [...]

2211 11147

Open Access Review

Extra Corporeal Life Support in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Received: 11 June 2019;  Published: 22 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903037

Abstract

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to describe recent evidence regarding the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) as rescue therapy for refractory cardiac or respiratory failure in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) when conventional treatments have failed. The characteristics of these patients, including the risk of bleeding and developing malignant intracranial hypertension, are generally considered as relative contraindications to ECMO treatment; however, recent evidence sugges [...]

2159 11515

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