by Satchit Anand Saha  , Katelyn Ann Williams  , George Murphy  and Sandeep Ajoy Saha

Received: 24 September 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2401006

Food insecurity and insufficient access to affordable nutrition have been associated with increased risk for the development of multiple chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease. In this narrative review, we explore the association between food insecurity and the development of chronic medical conditions that confer increased cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. We also identify the various barriers leading to food insecurity and lack of food literacy, with an emphasis on [...]

by Bridget W. Brox  , Darren J. Day  and Bart A. Ellenbroek

Received: 01 February 2018;  Published: 07 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802010

(1) Background: Drug addiction places a heavy burden on those affected by it but only a small percentage of individuals (~20%), regardless of their drug of abuse, go on to develop the compulsive behaviours that define drug addiction. Clinical studies have shown that genetic variations that reduce serotonin transporter (SERT) activity increase the vulnerability to developing a variety of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and drug addiction. (2) Methods: To investigate the influence of reduced SERT fu [...]

by Alex T. Von Schulze  , Marie van der Merwe  , Chad D. Touchberry  and Richard J. Bloomer

Received: 03 August 2021;  Published: 15 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2104001

Poor dietary habits can lead to obesity and insulin resistance—both of which can impair basal heat shock protein (HSP) expression and the HSP stress response in skeletal muscle. It remains unclear if impairments in HSP expression occur during the early stages of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We determined if basal HSP expression (HSP70, HSP60, HSP25) was impaired in sedentary or exercised rats following the onset of diet-induced obesity. Male Long-Evans rats (N=6-7/group) were assigned to a [...]

by Jacques De Reuck  , Florent Auger  , Nicolas Durieux  , Claude-Alain Maurage  , Vincent Deramecourt  , Charlotte Cordonnier  , Florence Pasquier  , Didier Leys  and Regis Bordet

Received: 24 September 2020;  Published: 10 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2004142

The influence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unexplored. The present post-mortem study investigated possible differences in the degree of hippocampal atrophy (HA) between AD patients with and without CAA using 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, the incidence of the hippocampal cortical micro-infarcts (HCoMIs) and hippocampal cortical micro-bleeds (HCoMBs) is compared to those in the neocortex. The examined post-mortem brains included 30 AD-CAA cases and 20 AD [...]

by Emma Maloney  , Clodagh Dowling  , Tara Deehan  and Gary O' Reilly

Received: 29 July 2022;  Published: 18 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2204051

To compare client response to a 3-stage phased intervention for complex trauma, comparing (1) those who received face-to-face intervention with (2) those who received a hybrid of face-to-face moving mid-therapy to online intervention with (3) those who received online only. Comparing quantitative and qualitative outcome data from 3 consecutive groups (N=22) who participated in a 3-stage phased intervention for complex trauma (1) face-to-face intervention (n=7); (2) a mix of face-to-face and online intervention (n=6 [...]

by Verena Hofmann  , Céline Pagnotta  , Noémie Lacombe  and Myriam Squillaci

Received: 30 March 2023;  Published: 10 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2303033

Burnout is a syndrome commonly characterized by the three dimensions of Maslach and Leiter's model, namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of professional accomplishment. While burnout affects individuals in all professions, teachers are recognized as being at particular risk, a fact explained in the literature by the high level of relational demands inherent to the profession. During the pandemic and subsequently, these demands have even increased. Several studies have focused on the influence of [...]

by Pål-Dag Line

Received: 20 December 2017;  Published: 24 December 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1704006

by Shira Peleg  and Howard Litwin

Received: 23 March 2019;  Published: 12 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903067

Background: Differential effects of the characteristics of social network on limitations with activities (LWA) and the quality of life (QOL) among older adults, and the moderating role of depression were studied. Methods: The data obtained from two consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was examined. Results: Emotional closeness, satisfaction with the social network, and contact frequency were able to predict the QOL and not LWA. Moreover, depression was observed to moder [...]

by Clemens Drenowatz  , Gerson Ferrari  , Gerhard Ruedl  , Armando Cocca  and Klaus Greier

Received: 15 November 2021;  Published: 18 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201004

Poor lifestyle choices in adolescents, including low physical activity (PA), excess screen time, and unhealthy dietary habits, are major threats to their health in the future. Unhealthy behaviors such as insufficient PA, high TV time, and poor dietary choices also tend to cluster, but information on the combined association of screen time, sports participation, and dietary habits is limited in Austrian youth. To examine the association among these behaviors, 165 adolescents (74 girls and 91 boys) between 11 and 14 [...]

by Silvia Martini  , Ezio David  , Francesco Tandoi  , Dominic Dell Olio  , Antonio Amoroso  , Mauro Salizzoni  , Giorgio Maria Saracco  and Renato Romagnoli

Received: 27 September 2018;  Published: 04 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1804030

Background: We performed a liver transplant (LT) with a graft from a 52-year-old donor of blood group O who was HCV viremic. The recipient was a 52-year-old male with blood group A, HCV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: A liver biopsy performed on post-LT day 9 revealed acute T-cell-mediated rejection and the patient received three 1.0-g boluses of methylprednisolone. On day 9, the hemoglobin level dropped and the direct antiglobulin test became positive. Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) w [...]

by Jacqueline Cramer

Received: 24 September 2023;  Published: 21 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2304050

This paper investigates the practical implementation of transitioning to a circular economy through network governance in conjunction with public governance. The research focuses on a comparative, longitudinal analysis of three Dutch product chains (mattresses, concrete, and textiles) from 2016 to the present. The study based on action research, utilizes documents, reports from all meetings, and personal observations. Drawing from the fields of public administration and transition management, the paper addresses tw [...]

by Brett W. Sadowski  and Coleman I. Smith

Received: 14 May 2020;  Published: 20 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.2003049

The combination of broad screening initiatives and development of effective antiviral therapies have led to a revolution in the treatment of hepatitis C virus and has reduced the proportion of patients with the virus who develop a need for liver transplantation in favor of other etiologies, such as alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the opioid epidemic and rise in injection drug use in the United States has simultaneously led to otherwise healthy hepatitis C viremic patients d [...]

by Rajesh Karki  and Binamra Adhikari

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403015

The integration of cyber and physical layer of the grid has not only introduced a microscopic spectacle to observe and ensure the efficient flow of electricity but has also exposed the interdependencies of the network. These cyber-physical interdependencies are often exploited in the form of cyber-attacks that can disable a grid introducing substantial financial losses and observable social repercussions. Thus, it is important to address the impending Achilles heel by devising pragmatic approaches to comprehensibly [...]

by Indrani Das  , Robyn Murphy  and Aaron Goldman

Received: 21 July 2022;  Published: 17 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2303012

Celiac disease is a prevalent autoimmune disorder with a rising incidence of 7.5% annually during the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century. Not all genetically susceptible individuals that carry the risk alleles HLA DQ2 and DQ8 go on to develop celiac disease, suggesting that there may be other environmental triggers that contribute to the development of celiac disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Gastroenteritis during infancy has been shown to be associated with increased risk of celiac [...]

by Maria Pereira  , Ana Valado  , Patrícia Antunes  and Leonel Pereira

Received: 30 August 2023;  Published: 15 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2402006

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for two-thirds of premature deaths in Europe. This added to the European socio-economic scenario already weakened by the vital aging of the population, contributes to the loss of active individuals, weakening competitiveness and social and economic sustainability, thus making the prevention of NCDs a European objective. Preventing NCDs with the enrichment of the food environment using algae or their compounds, which are rich in nutrients and bioactivities, is an exce [...]

by Hana Alharbi  and Miao He

Received: 16 April 2023;  Published: 31 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2303191

The aim of newborn screening (NBS) program is to detect and manage treatable conditions in the early stages prior to the occurrence of long-term and irreversible sequalae. Phenylketonuria was the first screened disorder, but panels rapidly expanded after the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry technology into the program. Significant differences in the diseases screened by NBS were noted between programs in United States. Therefore, the recommended uniform screening panel was developed in 2006 to include a lis [...]

by Dayu Lv  , Jose Garcia-Tirado  and Chiara Fabris

Received: 17 May 2018;  Published: 11 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1803019

Background: Human pancreatic islet transplantation is a minimally-invasive procedure that is gaining recognition for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Selected patients with unstable T1D, hypoglycemia unawareness, history of severe hypoglycemia, and glycemic lability, not successfully stabilized with intensive insulin treatment, can be offered this alternative therapy that has been shown to provide long-term glycemic control with near-normalization of hemoglobin A1c in the absence of severe hypoglycemia. Toda [...]

by Joel J. Lee  , Hyunho Song  , Jaeyoung Park  and S. Joon Lee

Received: 14 August 2023;  Published: 03 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2304046

Decomposition of spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a byproduct of brewing coffee, in disposed landfill sites releases significant amounts of potent greenhouse gases. This study aims to investigate the maximum recycling proportions of SCGs, a nonconventional filler material, for permeable interlocking concrete paving (PICP) blocks. These blocks have a porous structure that helps mitigate surface ponding while maintaining sound structural performance. Using Scanning Electron Microscope image analysis, the water absorbency [...]

by Ondřej Roubal

Received: 06 February 2023;  Published: 10 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302235

This research study addresses certain theoretical issues surrounding the relationship between digital technologies, the aging population, and identity. At the same time, it offers a conceptual proposal of indicators of the social inclusion of older people in the digital culture of society as a potential starting point for further empirical research. The progressive trend of a growing proportion of older people is a demographic reality in many economically and technologically advanced societies. This demographic agi [...]

by Priya R. Bhosale  , Oliver H. Wang  and Jeannelyn S. Estrella

Received: 08 July 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904038

Background: Pure pancreatic-type ACC outside the pancreas is extremely rare. Methods: We presented a very rare case of primary ACC of the pancreatic-type involving jejunum with a synchronous metastasis to left adrenal gland arising in well-developed ectopic pancreas which had fully developed pancreatic acini, islets of Langerhans, ductal structures, pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and a well-formed minor papilla that opens to the mucosal surface of jejunum. We also reviewed all 21 cases of pure pancreatic-type [...]

by Alexander Peller  , Lara Suarez  , Ashleigh Trapuzzano  , Matt S. Stock  and Nicole Dawson

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 15 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2201188

Gait speed has been correlated to quality of life and has been called the sixth vital sign. The purpose of this study was to understand the factors that comprise fast and comfortable gait speed. 90 older adults provided demographic, cognitive, and functional performance data. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed predictors for comfortable gait speed to be lower-extremity strength ( B = 1.13, β = 0.233, P< .05), comorbid health ( B = −2.95, β = −0.22, P < 0.05), and gender( B = [...]

by Brian C. Keller  , Sadia Z. Shah  and Amy Pope-Harman

Received: 24 April 2020;  Published: 15 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2002113

Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a disorder characterized by recurrent, life-threatening episodes of acute capillary hyperpermeability resulting in edema and hypovolemic shock. We report a case of systemic capillary leak syndrome in a lung transplant recipient who developed recurrent episodes of volume overload, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury in association with hypotension and hypoalbuminemia. Initiation of monthly high dose intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis effectively abrogated the syndrome [...]

by Yi-nan Guo  , Michael Grzelak  and Byoung Chol Oh

Received: 10 October 2018;  Published: 13 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1804031

One of the major hurdles still facing the field of transplantation is the management of immunosuppression and the morbidity that results from treatment. Due to toxicity and complications from a maintenance immunosuppression therapies, a necessary improvement in post-transplant immunosuppressive therapies must be the development of a low-side effect therapy. Cell-based therapies as an emerging candidate offer a novel approach to generating graft tolerance, and when utilized within a combination therapeutic strategy, [...]

by Katrien Steenmans  and Rosalind Malcolm

Received: 20 December 2022;  Published: 10 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301024

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) places liability, physical, financial, and/or informative responsibility for a product throughout its life cycle on its producer. Implementing such schemes is expected to result in many environmental and social benefits. Yet, academic and practitioner discussions on the mechanisms focus on environmental impacts, whereas social dimensions of EPR are often side-lined. This short communication contributes to addressing this gap by establishing a research agenda for the justice di [...]

by Meenal Jain  , Meenakshi Mital  and Matt Syal

Received: 21 November 2021;  Published: 14 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2202014

India is a rapidly developing nation and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energy presents an attractive solution to the growing challenges concerning energy needs. Solar energy is abundant in India, and thus, its application and use are rapidly advancing. This study assesses various government initiatives for off-grid Solar Photovoltaic/Solar Water Heating systems for commercial establishments in India and elucidates the need for improvements in their implementation, highlighting the problems in avai [...]

by Chetna Deep Lamba  , Praveen Oberai  , Bharti Wadhwa  , Suraia Parveen  , Arti Soren  , Rajachandrasekar Bhuvaneswari  , Prasanta Kumar Pradhan  , Vaishali Shinde  and Jaya Gupta

Received: 17 October 2022;  Published: 16 May 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2302021

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic medicines in the reduction or resolution of breast fibroadenoma (FA) through ultrasound (US) assessment in intervention and control groups. The secondary objective was to compare the efficacy of the homeopathic intervention in single and multiple fibroadenomas. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2018 at 4 research centers with 6 months of follow-up. Females in the age group [...]

by Rail M. Shamionov  , Marina V. Grigoryeva  , Elena S. Grinina  and Aleksey V. Sozonnik

Received: 25 March 2022;  Published: 01 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202124

In an age when publicity is the norm, human loneliness is a significant socio-psychological problem. Objective loneliness (e.g., as experienced during the pandemic) does not always result in subjective loneliness. Subjective loneliness directly influences various aspects of the human psyche and activities. Analysis of satisfaction with social life, as a marker of social well-being and academic adaptation of students with different loneliness types, allows determining the magnitude of subjective loneliness and how i [...]

by Yulia Aleksandrova  , Alexey Semakov  , Dmitry Tsypyshev  , Kirill Chaprov  , Sergey Klochkov  and Margarita Neganova

Received: 23 August 2023;  Published: 09 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401207

Here, we report the results of an investigation of the neuroprotective effects of securinine with tryptamine conjugate-allomargaritarine (2b), previously selected as the leading compound among a wide range of natural derivatives. 2b was synthesized from securinine using various Lewis acids as catalysts. In addition to the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties previously shown for 2b, in this work, in vitro analysis of the biological activity of the compound demonstrated that this conjugate is also able to influ [...]

by Joanna K. Nelson  and Aruna Subramanian

Received: 30 November 2018;  Published: 01 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1901047

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are relatively rare but carry significant morbidity in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Given the rarity of disease and diagnostic limitations, a high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. We discuss the challenges in diagnosis and management of NTM infections specific to the SOT population.

by Mostafa T. Mohammed  , Esmat Al Sharkawy  , Amel M. Kamal Eldin  , Emad Allam  , Manal M. Saber  , Anthony Nassar  , Nour Younis  , Christa Deban  , Ahmad Jaser  , Indira Guleria  , Basset El Essawy  , Anil Chandraker  , Mahmoud Nasr  and Jamil R. Azzi

Received: 15 March 2023;  Published: 06 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2304201

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are unique proteins expressed on the surface of human cells, playing a pivotal role in the immune system, particularly in the contexts of infection, cancer, and transplantation. The widespread adoption of HLA typing methods has become an essential component in assessing donor-recipient compatibility, a crucial limiting factor in solid organ transplantation. In general, the greater the disparity between a donor's and recipient's HLA types, the higher the likelihood of provoking an allo [...]

by Akemi Hirano  , Yusuke Suzuki  , Hiroyuki Umegaki  , Toshio Hayashi  , Koichiro Ina  , Joji Onishi  , Jun Hasegawa  and Masafumi Kuzuya

Received: 13 October 2019;  Published: 19 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2001108

The incidence of vascular diseases among caregivers of dementia patients is high, and one potential cause is the exacerbation of blood coagulability due to mental strain from caregiving. This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on blood coagulability, from the perspective of improving the health of caregivers. Thirty-one healthy elderly caregivers, residing with patients suffering from Alzheimer’s-type dementia, were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, moderate walk [...]

by Behnam Nikoobakht  , Gulzari L. Malli  and Martin Siegert

Received: 26 April 2020;  Published: 14 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2004010

In this work, we study the single and double ionization spectra of the , with complexes by applying the four-component algebraic diagrammatic construction and Fock-space coupled cluster methods to extend earlier studies based on less demanding approaches. The computed single and double ionization potentials are in good agreement comparing with the available experimental results. The electronic structures of the cationic molecular systems are carefully investigated by computing accurately single and double ionizatio [...]

by Jordan Ensz  and Changiz Mohiyeddini

Received: 06 March 2023;  Published: 19 September 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2303038

Burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion caused by prolonged stress. Medical training has been shown to leave many medical students vulnerable to burnout, which can negatively impact their health and patient care. While resilience has been associated with lower burnout, the mechanisms through which resilience reduces burnout are not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between resilience and burnout among medical students. [...]

by Paul Taglieri  , Paul Milham  , Paul Holford  and R. John Morrison

Received: 07 November 2019;  Published: 13 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/acr.2002005

Despite extensive research, the behaviour of the key nutrient element, phosphorus (P), in soil is not yet fully understood. This study focussed on the outstanding issue of the co-adsorption of protons (H+) and P by soils. We developed a congruent set of measures to determine the net H+:P co-adsorption ratio and tested it on goethite, for which a ratio of 1.6:1 had been estimated under CO2-free conditions for additions of NaH2PO4. Under our conditions, and using additions of KH2PO4, the net H+:P co-adsorption ratio [...]

by Mauro Turrin  , Barbara Mariotti  , Isabella Schiavon  and Serena Battista

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 22 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.hg.1904040

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is currently defined by an absolute blood eosinophil count of more of 1500 cell per μL for more than 1 month and by multiorgan system infiltration. Eosinophilic colitis is an exceptionally rare inflammatory condition in which eosinophils infiltrate the colonic gut. It represents the least frequent manifestation of the wide spectrum of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We describe a case of an adult male patient with persistent eosinophilia for at least twenty-five years. During thi [...]

by Chris Fraser  , Paul Dargusch  and Genia Hill

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 16 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202026

The first step in managing an entity's carbon emissions involves measurement as 'what gets measured gets managed' and measurement lies at the heart of carbon management. The study of carbon management is important to all stakeholders as it enables calculation of emissions that can help determine opportunities for emissions reductions to address climate change which can improve energy efficiency and brand reputation. Alphabet is an interesting company to study given its main commercial activities relate to the devel [...]

by Ioannis Syros  , Panagiota Pervanidou  , Charis Liapi  , Filia Apostolakou  , George P Chrousos  and Gerasimos Kolaitis

Received: 01 March 2020;  Published: 11 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2002060

Data available on possible associations of lipids, steroid levels, and depression are conflicting. This study investigated their possible associations in a sample of youth with depression. Ninety-eight youth with depression and individually matched healthy volunteers on the basis of age and sex were enrolled for the study. The two groups had nearly similar body mass index. After fasting overnight, they underwent blood sampling for triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprot [...]

by Kamyar Afshar  , Michelle Bremer  , Bharath Ravichandran  , Ashley A. Feist  , Eugene Golts  , Elizabeth H. Schonhoft  and Gordon Yung

Received: 14 July 2021;  Published: 15 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2104153

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) accounts for approximately 5% of lung transplants (LTx) performed annually. No studies have addressed the potential benefit of ongoing alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI) replacement to AATD patients post-LTx. Our primary objective was to assess potential benefits of continually administering A1-PI from pre- to post-transplantation for AATD LTx recipients. A retrospective case series was performed on AATD LTx recipients between 2002 and 2018. Data reviewed included date of A1- [...]

by Heather J. Leach  , Emma L. Gomes  , Mary C. Hidde  , Kate Lyden  , Angela D. Bryan  , Myles G. Cockburn  and Wells A. Messersmith

Received: 17 July 2023;  Published: 20 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2304060

Physical activity (PA) after a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis can improve physical function and quality of life and is associated with decreased mortality rates and longer disease-free survival. The accelerated use of videoconference technology during and following the COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to explore the potential of a virtually supervised intervention to help survivors of CRC increase PA. A two-arm single blind pilot randomized controlled trial of individuals who had completed treatment for C [...]

by Iyus Yosep  , Ai Mardhiyah  , Kurniawan Kurniawan  and Indra Maulana

Received: 21 July 2024;  Published: 25 October 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404251

Bullying is a serious problem among adolescents with broad negative impacts on psychological and social well-being. Factors that influence bullying are individual and environmental. Emotional intelligence has been identified as an essential factor influencing bullying behavior, but its relationship is not fully understood. This research aims to conduct a scoping review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and adolescent bullying behavior. A scoping review approach was used in this research. Search for [...]

by George Z. Voyiadjis  and Peter I. Kattan

Received: 27 October 2020;  Published: 10 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2102021

A robust mathematical method for the characterization of damage in carbon nanotubes is presented the presentation here is limited to elasticity. In this regard, the second and third order elastic stiffnesses are employed. All this is based on damage mechanics. The hypotheses of elastic strain equivalence and elastic energy equivalence are utilized. A new damage variable is proposed that is defined in terms of the surface area. This is in contrast to the classical damage variable which is defined in terms of the cro [...]

by Galal Khamis  , Jun Chi  and Qingshun Zhao

Received: 12 January 2024;  Published: 18 June 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2402244

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a family of Solanaceae, is an annual crop grown in fields and greenhouses. Tomato is the fourth-largest agricultural crop in the world, with a market value of more than $50 billion. Numerous attempts were conducted on the tomato for further improvement via in vitro regeneration and transformation. This study aims to establish in vitro multiplication, transformation, and gene editing systems in tomatoes by using cotyledon explants. Cotyledon explants were placed on the MS medium suppor [...]

by Ya Wen

Received: 28 November 2017;  Published: 05 December 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1704007

More and more studies revealed links amongst neurological disorders, heart diseases and cancers. For example, people with subclinical cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease is associated with varied risk of cancer, Autism Spectrum Disorders and cancer have overlapping genes and molecular pathways, heart disease and cancer share common risk factors, etc. It is intriguing how are these conditions that appear to be completely different linked together.

by Gil Newburn  , Joshua P McGeown  , Eryn E Kwon  , Maryam Tayebi  , Paul Condron  , Taylor Emsden  , Samantha J Holdsworth  , Daniel M Cornfeld  and Graeme M Bydder

Received: 30 June 2023;  Published: 14 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304201

In modelling studies targeted MRI (tMRI) of small increases in the T1 of tissues using divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) sequences show ten or more times the contrast seen with conventional IR sequences. This may be particularly useful in imaging normal appearing white matter where there may be small changes in T1 and/or T2 in disease but these changes may be insufficient to produce useful contrast with conventional T2-weighted spin echo (T2-wSE) and T2-FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequ [...]

by Yang Eun Kim  and Boram Lee

Received: 07 March 2024;  Published: 21 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402224

Preschool teachers are at high risk of depression. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on evaluating a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptomatology for this population. One such promising instrument is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), a 21-item self-report measure designed to assess the presence and severity of depression. Although the tool’s psychometric properties have been analyzed in different samples, they have not been validated with a Korean preschool teacher sample. Hence, this [...]

by Michael Czapka  , Carlos A.Q. Santos  and Laurie A. Proia

Received: 08 October 2018;  Published: 31 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1901045

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection associated with high morbidity and mortality that typically afflicts immunocompromised hosts. We present a case of isolated hepatic mucormycosis with Rhizopus spp. that developed in the early post-transplant period. Initial presentation was concerning for allograft rejection, but definitive diagnosis was made with histopathology and fungal culture. The patient had a favourable outcome with surgical resection, a course of liposomal amphotericin B combined with micafungin, and [...]

by Michael Falkenstein

Received: 11 August 2020;  Published: 19 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2003130

by Haruka Sawamura  , Kurumi Taniguchi  , Yuka Ikeda  , Ai Tsuji  , Yasuko Kitagishi  and Satoru Matsuda

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 08 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201007

Immune checkpoints have been aggressively investigated for anti-cancer immunotherapy. The power of microbiota on the outcome of this immunotherapy has attracted much attention. For example, intestinal microorganisms play a key role in the effectiveness of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids produced in the gut may modulate anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 stimulated immune responses and their anti-tumor efficacy. Enhancing the [...]

by Gregory R. Goodwin  , Narges Sadat Shamabadi  , Pratima Pandey  , Ewen McLean  and Omar Bagasra

Received: 26 September 2020;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2102011

Regressive Autism [RA] is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that manifests as the loss of previously acquired developmental milestones and skills. Early life dysregulation of neurodevelopment due to exposure to toxic metals has been associated with ASD, but the underlying biological mechanisms by which metals influence neurodevelopment remain unclear. We explored the potential role of thimerosal or ethylmercury on neurite formation and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) modulation in four human-developing neuronal [...]

by Susan M. Joshi  and Leland J. Jackson

Received: 20 November 2021;  Published: 15 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201007

Cyanobacteria blooms alter aquatic ecosystems and occur frequently in shallow prairie lakes, which are predicted to increase in salinity as the regional climate becomes hotter and drier. However, flat landscapes that experience depression bottom salinity with high concentrations of sulfate in addition to sodium and chloride, may mitigate nutrient increases or even inhibit cyanobacteria growth. Cyanobacteria can dominate shallow lakes with low N:P ratios because many cyanobacteria species fix dissolved N2, whether d [...]