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Open Access Research Article

Using Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36v2®) to Predict Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Received: 14 September 2019;  Published: 25 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904082

Abstract

Background: Falls are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among older adults; therefore, the ability to predict fall risk among older adults is critical. Several performance-based outcome measures exist to assess fall risk. Psychological factors are also associated with fall risk yet can be difficult to assess and are often overlooked. In this study, we investigated whether the Short Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36v2®), a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), predicted future falls in [...]

2086 12290

Open Access Concept Paper

Admiral Nursing in Primary Care: Peri and Post-Diagnostic Support for Families Affected by Dementia within the UK Primary Care Network Model

Received: 19 September 2019;  Published: 18 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904081

Abstract

The population of the United Kingdom is ageing. In 2017 approximately 18% of the UK population were aged 65 years or over and projected to grow to almost 21% by 2027 according to the Office of National Statistics. Increased age is the greatest risk factor for developing dementia. It is estimated that there are 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK and if current figures relating to incidence and prevalence are realised, this will increase to 1 million people by 2025 and 2 million by 2051. The National Healt [...]

2403 16339

Open Access Original Research

Naming and Framing the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) Paradigm: Professional Stakeholder Perspectives

Received: 08 September 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904080

Abstract

Background: Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Challenging Behaviour in dementia are just two of a variety of terms for a complex paradigm that covers the most distressing and costly aspects of the condition. The terminology used to describe these aspects can influence what is measured as outcomes and what is considered as evidence of improvement. Unhelpful or outmoded narratives could be a barrier to developing innovative interventions or in determining what works for whom. This UK study explor [...]

2938 22194

Open Access Perspective

Behavioral versus Biological Definitions of Dementia Symptoms: Recognizing that Worthwhile Interventions already Exist

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904079

Abstract

Background: The 2018 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures special report includes two new guidelines for measuring dementia symptoms. The first requires that a biomarker (biological factor) be added to a doctor's clinical judgment of the cause of symptoms when determining whether dementia is present. The second involves identifying four stages of dementia: normal cognition, preclinical, MCI and dementia. Now only those with defining brain pathologies and significant symptoms will be judged to be persons with stage [...]

4080 16196

Open Access Research Article

GAPcare: The Geriatric Acute and Post-Acute Fall Prevention Intervention for Emergency Department Patients – A Qualitative Evaluation

Received: 21 August 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904078

Abstract

Background: Three million US emergency department (ED) visits occur for falls each year. The mortality of falls is increasing and only one fourth of older adults report their fall to their primary care provider, suggesting that valuable preventative opportunities are missed. A fall prevention intervention initiated in the ED immediately after a fall has the potential to reduce subsequent falls, but ED providers lack the time and resources to complete fall risk assessments on their patients. GAPcare, the Geriatric A [...]

4057 16163

Open Access Review

Aging in A Changing World – the Impact of Social Contact and Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality among Older People from Austria – A Biological Perspective

Received: 23 June 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904077

Abstract

Background: All over the world we are confronted with an absolute and relative increase in the proportion of older people. In order to develop strategies to keep older people healthy and independent as long as possible, analyses of factors influencing health related quality of life (HRQL) during old age are necessary. The aim of this review is to present the results of three projects carried out in Austria by the author focusing on the impact of social contact and physical activity on HRQL. Methods: The standardize [...]

2074 11412

Open Access Concept Paper

The “PRIMING, TIMING, MIMING” Model of Individualized Behavioural Care Planning for Residents with Dementia

Received: 30 July 2019;  Published: 29 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903076

Abstract

The current paper introduces the “Priming/Timing/Miming” Model of Behavioural Care Planning for persons with Dementia. This simple heuristic provides a quick, easy and systematic way to select from the vast number of behavioural strategies offered in the BPSD literature and to organize these in a way that can be incorporated into an individualized Behaviour Care Plan to deliver personal care to persons with dementia and also to develop a larger plan of care. An entire care plan is captured on one double-sided sheet [...]

2238 14385

Open Access Original Research

Sleep Symptoms Differentially Predict Cognition in Younger and Older-Onset Parkinson's Disease

Received: 13 May 2019;  Published: 23 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903075

Abstract

Background: Both disrupted sleep and cognitive impairment are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the evidence for a relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and cognitive symptoms has been equivocal. If sleep symptoms differentially predict cognition in different subtypes, effects may be obscured in a general PD sample. Objective: First, to determine whether the associations between participant and disease variables, sleep symptoms and cognitive performance vary by subtype (younger and olde [...]

2473 12613

Open Access Review

Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature

Received: 14 May 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903074

Abstract

Background: Dementia is a progressive and debilitating condition that affects millions of patients in the United States with an enormous impact on healthcare costs, caregivers, and society. Patients with dementia often experience dementia-related neuropsychiatric disturbances, commonly known as Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and more recently Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. These symptoms include verbal and physical agitation, aggression, disinhibition, affect lability, apathy [...]

2409 17617

Open Access Review

Facilitation of Social Support through Negative Allosteric Modulation of α5-Associated GABAA Receptors: A Novel Mechanism for the Treatment of Depression, Agitation, and Aggression in the Elderly

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903073

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a highly-prevalent and debilitating disorder in the aged population. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests a key role for social support in helping to mitigate depression. Preclinical data are reviewed that indicate that selective negative allosteric modulation of α5-containing GABAA receptors, as with RY-080, might rapidly impact depression in patients. Further, preclinical data in transgenic mice modeling neurodegenerative diseases has suggested that this mechanism might also [...]

2125 11898

Open Access Original Research

Wisdom of the Elders: Narratives Enhancing Trainees’ Attitudes Towards Aging

Received: 25 April 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903072

Abstract

Background: Narratives encompass written reflection experiences and hold the potential to display valuable insights into trainees’ thinking. We analyzed narratives from graduate students trained in aging themes, who then interviewed older hospitalized adults (senior partners) about their life experiences. Methods: Three Discovery & Learning Fellows trained on open-ended interviewing, empathy, and aging themes performed semi-structured interviews. Senior partners were hospitalized older veterans. After the [...]

1903 10471

Open Access Original Research

Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulation, and Major Bleeding Episodes in Geriatric Patients at the Risk of Falling

Received: 22 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903071

Abstract

Background: Geriatric patients are at risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke, and the risk of oral anticoagulation (OAC) related bleeding is also presumed to be higher. Detailed knowledge about the prevalence of AF and bleeding pattern in this population is scarce. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AF, use of OAC, and the rate of major bleeding in geriatric patients who are prone to frequent falls. We expect to find a higher prevalence of AF among geriatric patients compared to elderly people of co [...]

1996 11122

Open Access Review

Shedding Light on Manic Syndromes and Dementia

Received: 27 March 2019;  Published: 16 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903070

Abstract

Background: Mania in older adults is associated with a high rate of medical and neurological disease. Objective: The goal of this review is to describe the phenomenon of manic episodes in patients suffering from dementia. Methods: Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2019. Search terms used included dementia, late-onset, mania, and elderly. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. Resultsan [...]

2690 40137

Open Access Original Research

Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pragmatic Account

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 13 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903069

Abstract

Pragmatic competence includes the capacity to express illocutionary force and successfully achieve perlocutionary effects, in order to guarantee fully functional communication exchanges. Improved pragmatic competence in patients has been found in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early to moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the domains of jokes, self-expression and empathy after extended, targeted intranasal insulin therapy. In this paper it is argued that extended intra-nasal insulin treatment can [...]

2614 11896

Open Access Review

The Value Given and Presupposed in Person-Centred Dementia Care

Received: 08 April 2019;  Published: 13 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903068

Abstract

Thirty years ago, Tom Kitwood proposed a change in the care of people with dementia, from ‘warehousing’ to ‘person-centred care’. The change had noticeable benefits for those with dementia. Kitwood set out his presuppositions for this change. For example, Kitwood understood personhood as the standing or status bestowed on one human being by others in the context of relationships and social being and held that respect for the absolute value of each person is a key theme in Western ethical discourse. He was clear thi [...]

3009 25608

Open Access Original Research

Differential Effects of Social Network on Health in Later Life and the Moderating Role of Depression

Received: 23 March 2019;  Published: 12 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903067

Abstract

Background: Differential effects of the characteristics of social network on limitations with activities (LWA) and the quality of life (QOL) among older adults, and the moderating role of depression were studied. Methods: The data obtained from two consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was examined. Results: Emotional closeness, satisfaction with the social network, and contact frequency were able to predict the QOL and not LWA. Moreover, depression was observed to moder [...]

1886 11593

Open Access Case Report

Personalised Medicine for Dementia: Collaborative Research of Multimodal Non-pharmacological Treatment with the UK National Health Service (NHS)

Received: 08 April 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903066

Abstract

The dominant narrative around dementia argues that progression cannot be halted or reversed. However, evidence on multimodal non-pharmacological treatments formulated around a ‘personalised medicine’ approach challenges this view. This paper reviews the current evidence for dementia prevention utilising such treatments and explains the logic of applying personalised medicine. The functional medicine treatment approach to ‘root cause’ analysis is presented as currently practiced with patients experiencing cognitive [...]

3490 33987

Open Access Review

A Model for Understanding Hispanic/Latino Family Caregiving for Older Adults

Received: 19 May 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903065

Abstract

Background: In 2016, Hispanic/Latino (H/L) Americans made up 8% of the older population (≥65) and 22.9% of the oldest population (≥85) in the United States. It is projected that the older H/L population will grow to 21% by 2060. Currently the older H/L population depends primarily on their families for care. Methods: Review published caregiving models for older adults in H/L populations. Results: Gradual and inevitable acculturation of H/L caregivers to U.S. social customs, and the mutual relationship within the [...]

2148 14885

Open Access Review

Insights from Yeast on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease, Focusing on Ahp1p/Prx5

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 17 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903064

Abstract

The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the model eukaryote, has provided much understanding of molecular and cellular biology, as well as insights into many human diseases. In this paper we review how yeast studies are contributing to knowledge about the role of oxidative damage to cell health, and how one of the key players in Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta (Aβ) is linked to the reactive oxygen species response involving AHP1, which encodes an alkyl hydroperoxidase, Ahp1p, a protein involved in protect [...]

2257 10842

Open Access Review

Curing Alzheimer’s Disease: Myriad Causes and Myriad Cures Await

Received: 12 June 2019;  Published: 16 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903063

Abstract

Simplifying the cause of Alzheimer’s disease has lulled the public into believing that the search for a cure is within reach. The disease has captured the attention of researchers worldwide, catapulting the disease as the third most funded research interest (after cancer and HIV). But after a century of pharmacological failures in stopping or slowing the disease, there is a need to examine how the simplified cause evolved and to explore alternate approaches to understanding Alzheimer’s disease. Going beyond the nar [...]

2414 11439

Open Access Review

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Art in Care of Ageing Society: Focus on Dementia

Received: 28 March 2019;  Published: 15 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903062

Abstract

Background: Art enhances both physical and mental health wellbeing. The health benefits include reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, pain perception and briefer inpatient stays, as well as improvement of communication skills and self-esteem. In addition to these, people living with dementia benefit from reduction of their non-cognitive, behavioural changes, enhancement of their cognitive capacities and being socially active. Methods: The current study represents a narrative general literature review on availabl [...]

2879 20100

Open Access Original Research

Estimating Potential Cost Containment through Provision of Unplanned Institutional Respite Services to Support Home-Based Care within Japan’s Long-Term Care Insurance System

Received: 19 February 2019;  Published: 09 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903061

Abstract

Background: Many informal caregivers providing at-home care to older family members want to continue serving as the primary caregiver if they get sufficient support. A key service enabling continued at-home care is access to unplanned respite care facilities for temporary institutional care on short notice and in emergencies. Methods: This study used city government survey results on service user satisfaction with the Japanese Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system for a mid-sized, Japanese city. From this a range [...]

2094 15933

Open Access Review

Parting with the Concept of Alzheimer’s Disease in Senium

Received: 30 March 2019;  Published: 08 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903060

Abstract

The understanding of mental deterioration associated with old age has undergone several changes over the past two centuries, and has spurred major scientific debates. In the 19th century, this disorder was still considered an inevitable part of aging. The beginning of the 20th century offered a histological explanation for presenile dementia, and Alois Alzheimer was credited as the discoverer of a new disease that bears his name to date. In the last quarter of the 20th century, findings of Alois Alzheimer were appl [...]

1977 11747

Open Access Research Article

Comparisons of Target Localization Abilities during Physical and Virtual Rotating Scenes by Cognitively-Intact and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

Received: 20 August 2018;  Published: 27 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902059

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have reported that coordinate information (i.e. distance between any two objects in a specific direction) is encoded differently from Virtual Reality (VR) and physical scenes. However, the accuracy of encoding categorical information (i.e. relative positions of objects) from VR scenes has not been adequately investigated. During this study, we used a novel rotating visual scene to study the effects of aging, prior experience with VR, and dementia on the accuracy of encoding categorical [...]

2225 10731

Open Access Research Article

Wrinkles and Smiles — What is Good Aging? A Technology Assessment Perspective

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 27 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902058

Abstract

Background: Quality or healthy aging refers to well-being in an older age. In the light of recent changes in the discourse on approaches on positive aging, we aimed to study the way “quality aging” is understood, expressed, and dealt with as a part of contemporary technology assessment (TA), since the nexus between demographic and technological changes has remained a staple topic in TA for at least three decades. Methods: A bottom-up qualitative content analysis was performed to identify the concepts of [...]

2396 12800

Open Access Review

Treating Dementia Early: Limiting Cellular Damage in Brain Tissue

Received: 27 December 2018;  Published: 17 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902057

Abstract

Much evidence has been published which indicates that microvascular endothelial dysfunction, due to cerebrovascular risk factors (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, smoking, aging), precedes cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to its pathogenesis. By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into biomimetic (lipid cubic phase) nanocarriers, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic which targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors, and crosses the blood-brain barrier [...]

2174 10817

Open Access Communication

Making Sense of Senselessness: Contemporary Literary Commentaries on Dementia

Received: 20 December 2018;  Published: 17 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902056

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease is increasingly seen as the major health problem in developed countries supplanting cancer and heart disease. The terror with which we respond to dementia, is grounded in a view of dementia as a monstrous descent, ambushing our healthy ageing through an incursion of pathology. The pervasiveness of this view can mean that other perspectives and even the views of those most touched by the challenges of dementia remain unheard. Part of the cultural conversation around dementia is informed by [...]

1911 9196

Open Access Review

Aging, Informed Consent and Autonomy: Ethical Issues and Challenges Surrounding Research and Long-Term Care

Received: 29 January 2019;  Published: 24 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902055

Abstract

The history surrounding the notion of ‘informed consent’ is provided in the interest of setting a framework for the emergence of an ethics of aged care. Informed consent negligence is seen as a breach of duty involving potential litigation through the legal concept of ‘failure to warn’. Respect for the autonomy of older persons is highlighted as a cornerstone of care by medical professionals and family members. There remains the challenge, however, of caring for older people who do not have full decision-making cap [...]

4263 43522

Open Access Original Research

Empirical Examination of Caregiving Processes and Outcomes among Adult Siblings of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 20 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902054

Abstract

Background: Most individuals with disabilities in the US live in family settings; in some families, siblings are default long-term support providers. Although researchers have explored the roles of parent caregivers, the roles of sibling caregivers need attention. Methods: In this study, we examined caregiving processes and outcomes among 322 adult sibling support providers (SSPs) with a range of support roles. Adapting a model of caregiving outcomes, we used structural equation modeling to assess relationships amo [...]

2163 12212

Open Access Review

Admiral Nurse Case Management: A Model of Caregiver Support for Families Affected by Dementia

Received: 26 February 2019;  Published: 10 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902053

Abstract

There has been a strong thrust to identify the needs of people with dementia against a background of person-centred care, however, people with dementia do not exist in isolation; they live within relational contexts with family members. Case management is a model of care that has its origins in supporting patients with a long term disease, however, a very practical approach to case management that can support the care needs of both the person with dementia and the family carers is emerging in the UK. Admiral Nursin [...]

2905 19169

Open Access Research Article

The Relationship between Caregiver Stress and Behavioural Changes in Dementia

Received: 01 March 2019;  Published: 09 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902052

Abstract

Background: Clinical studies have shown that caregivers of dementia patients often experience a great deal of stress related to caregiving. This paper examines caregiver stress within the context of behaviour change in dementia using the Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS) and the Kingston Standardized Behaviour Scale (Community Form) (KSBA(comm)). Methods: Eighty patients with moderate dementia and their caregivers participated. Each patient was cognitively assessed with the Kingston Standardized Cognitive Asse [...]

2713 14370

Open Access Concept Paper

Biological Age versus Chronological Age in the Prevention of Age Associated Diseases

Received: 31 January 2019;  Published: 05 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902051

Abstract

Aging is associated with an increased incidence of major diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Primary prevention and early diagnosis of these diseases have a dramatic impact on incidence, outcome, quality of life and are commonly applied as age-dependent indications based on evidence of efficacy for specific groups of the aging population. They likely contribute to the observed increase in life expectancy through the reduction of incidence and the retarda [...]

3171 19614

Open Access Project Report

An Evaluation of a Community-Based Psychoeducation Program for Successful Ageing

Received: 29 October 2018;  Published: 26 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902050

Abstract

Background: The increasing numbers and proportion of the ageing population make it essential to develop and evaluate programs to meet the needs of older adults to empower them to age actively, healthily and successfully. Consequently, positive ageing programs have been developed and the need to evaluate their outcomes is essential. This study used mixed methods to evaluate cognitive and behavioural changes and to monitor psychological health and active ageing in participants of a longstanding positive ageing psycho [...]

2021 12817

Open Access Original Research

Moderators of Treatment Outcomes from Family Caregiver Skills Training: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Received: 22 February 2019;  Published: 18 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902049

Abstract

Background: Moderator analyses may be helpful for evaluating intervention effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of a caregiver skills training intervention – Helping Invested Families Improve Veterans' Experience Study (HI-FIVES) – on care recipient outcome and caregiver outcome is moderated by the veteran’s risk for hospitalization or level of functional impairment. Methods: Secondary data analysis of HI-FIVES. Outcomes included veteran days in the community (cumulative days in th [...]

2311 11982

Open Access Case Report

Daily Observations of Preserved Cognition and Quality of Life after Multiple Therapies for Postmortem-Verified Severe Alzheimer’s

Received: 15 February 2019;  Published: 18 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902048

Abstract

Background: Cognitive abilities in Alzheimer’s Disease are usually examined by formal tests conducted in a laboratory or facility. Such tests are useful for determining the severity of the disease but do not indicate the types of cognition exhibited in the daily lives of patients. This study shows significant preservation of cognition and quality of life in the daily routine of a woman with severe Alzheimer’s who was given multiple therapeutic interventions. Alzheimer’s disease involves multiple d [...]

1957 10785

Open Access Review

Aging High: Opioid Use Disorder in the Elderly Population

Received: 13 November 2018;  Published: 17 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902047

Abstract

As the 80 million “baby boomers” reach retirement, they bring their relaxed attitudes toward drug use to create a clinically significant population of geriatric drug abusers. Opioid use disorder (OUD) brings with it special considerations in the elderly population: age-related changes to drug disposition, brain changes in the elderly, polypharmacy, and the likelihood of comorbid conditions (such as cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases) and pain syndromes. Thirteen percent of patients in a New York city methadone cl [...]

2200 12588

Open Access Review

Engagement and Utilization of Advance Care Planning and Hospice in Different Older Asian American Populations

Received: 31 October 2018;  Published: 08 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902046

Abstract

This research review sought to examine the patterns of engagement in advance care planning (ACP) and utilization of end-of-life (EoL) care treatment services including, but not limited to hospice care, in distinct older Asian American ethnic groups. The review of existing research suggested evidence that empirical studies about different older subpopulations of Asian Americans remains scarce. This research analysed 30 small-scale studies on older Asian Americans’ attitudes and engagement in EoL care planning. The r [...]

2517 16398

Open Access Comment

hTERT Promoter Regulation by Differentiation Mechanisms vs Telomerase Activity in Somatic, Embryonic, and Cancerous Cells

Received: 02 February 2019;  Published: 04 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902045

Abstract

Telomere shortening in the somatic cells is one of the most well-documented factors of cellular ageing. Telomeres are composed of tandem hexanucleotide repeats that protect cells from unwanted recombination mechanisms, secure the ends of chromosomes and their stability, and are responsible for limited division capacity. Telomerase is an enzymatic ribonucleoprotein complex, present in embryonic cells, adult stem cells, and germinal progenitors, whose function is to extend the telomeres length by adding the lost tand [...]

1972 16178

Open Access Research Article

Examining the Effectiveness of Two Types of Forgiveness Intervention to Enhance Well-Being in Adults from Young to Older Adulthood

Received: 30 October 2018;  Published: 03 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902044

Abstract

Background: Interventions that facilitate positive actions and attitudes seem to play an important role in enhancing psychological health. This study examines the effectiveness of two self-guided interventions with the aim to enhance adults’ well-being through the cultivation of forgiveness skills. Methods: A total of 11 men and 31 women aged 34-80 years were involved (M = 56.57, S.D. = 13.44). All participants were Orthodox Christians, as the average Greeks are, without belonging to a closed religious community. T [...]

2581 25424

Open Access Original Research

The Positive Power of Perception in Late Life: A Study on Subjective Aging and Health among Ethnic Minorities

Received: 17 September 2018;  Published: 29 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901043

Abstract

Background: The world’s aging population is growing and diversifying at an unprecedented rate. In preparation for this, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have issued calls to improve the overall health of older adults. A promising avenue of research to improve health in late life has been dedicated to subjective aging; the way people perceive their own aging process. The main objective of this empirical study was to investigate subjective aging in late life among e [...]

2341 67321

Open Access Editorial

Depression and Aging: Role of Social Support

Received: 25 March 2019;  Published: 28 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901042

Abstract

Depression and Aging: Role of Social Support

2279 11670

Open Access Review

Association of Telomere Length, a Cellular Aging Marker, with Depression, PTSD and Hostility

Received: 28 December 2018;  Published: 21 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901041

Abstract

Depression, PTSD, and hostility are common mental conditions that are associated with aging. A growing body of research has highlighted the possible effects of depression, PTSD, and hostility on aging and telomere length (TL), a cellular aging marker. Individuals who exhibit excessive responses to stressors show notable circulating inflammatory responses with high cortisol reactivity, which increases cell turnover and oxidative stress and may subsequently contribute to shortened TL. This review focuses on the most [...]

2588 14233

Open Access Review

Does Dementia Increase the Risk of Dental Decay?

Received: 09 January 2019;  Published: 21 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901040

Abstract

The amount of patients who suffer with dementia is set to rise with an ageing population. As well as living longer, patients will be retaining their natural teeth into their later life and will be less reliant on dentures. From both the current evidence available in the literature, and anecdotally from clinicians experienced in treating patients with dementia, it can be concluded that on balance, patients with dementia appear to be at a greater risk from dental caries (dental decay). However, more research in this [...]

2256 18311

Open Access Perspective

Behavioural and Complementary Interventions for Healthy Neurocognitive Aging

Received: 30 November 2018;  Published: 20 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901039

Abstract

Background: While the percent of persons 65 and older is expected to increase to 17% of the world’s population by 2050, this increase in longevity does not necessarily suggest a parallel increase in health status. While aging is an inevitable aspect of living, there are factors which can accelerate morbidity and mortality, as well as factors likely to promote a healthy transition into longevity. This paper addresses behavioural and complementary interventions for healthy neurocognitive aging. Specific evidence-base [...]

4284 23509

Open Access Original Research

Prediction of ADRs and Estimation of Polypharmacy in Older Patient’s Population: Retrospective Study in Russian Gerontology Center

Received: 10 October 2018;  Published: 05 March 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901038

Abstract

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in the elderly and often have serious clinical and economic consequences. Prediction of ADRs is a valuable tool to improve pharmacotherapy and outcomes in this category of patients. Objective: Prediction of ADRs in patients ≥ 65 years old, based on GerontoNet risk score with emphasis on polypharmacy. Methods: Pharmacoepidemiological retrospective study of medical records of patients admitted to the Russian Gerontology Clinical Research Center (RGCRC) between 1 [...]

2162 12957

Open Access Original Research

Exploring the Paradox of Care: Differences in Older Adult and Proxy Ratings of Health and Subjective Well-Being

Received: 27 August 2018;  Published: 27 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901037

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine discrepancies in self-proxy agreement of biopsychosocial factors and the influence of objective well-being and psychosocial resources self and proxy appraisals of subjective well-being in older adults. Methods: Seventy-two older adult-proxy dyads rated the biopsychosocial health of non-cognitively impaired older adults. Results: Proxies underestimated functional ability, psychosocial factors, and overrated negative health outcomes compared to older adults. Older [...]

1988 12047

Open Access Technical Note

Improving the HealthCare of People with Dementia beyond the Diagnosis: The “Carlo Poma Dementia Care Pathway” Study Protocol

Received: 31 October 2018;  Published: 27 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901036

Abstract

The WHO global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025 stressed the need to have a comprehensive approach with deep interconnections and cross-cutting elements through several action areas. As the elderly population grows worldwide, the number of patients with dementia increases rapidly because age is an important risk factor for developing late-onset dementia. Currently, dementia syndrome represents a true emergency. Once a diagnosis of dementia was made, informal caregivers, patients and t [...]

1957 14907

Open Access Hypothesis

Sporadic Alzheimer Disease and That Developing in Down’s Syndrome: The Immune System Attacking Self Rather Than Suppressing Infectious Disease Invaders, Toll Like Receptors Triggering Excessive Cytosolic Calcium, Excess Calcineurin Activation, Overexpression of Regulator of Calcineurin1, Runaway Beta-Amyloid Production, Synaptic Loss, Destructive Inflammation and Dementia

Received: 29 August 2018;  Published: 26 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901035

Abstract

Alzheimer Disease may result from excessive stimulation of the innate immune system from development of underlying opportunistic infections and impaired age related self-recognition as non-self, due to immunodeficiency and immunosenescence, resulting in excessive inflammation and runaway Beta-amyloid production (a component of the innate immune system) causing cytosolic calcium overload. Excessive cytosolic calcium may cause over activation of calcineurin and inactivation of cis-trans prolyl isomerase (Pin1), with [...]

1871 10464

Open Access Review

Cell Senescence, Telomerase, and Senolytic Therapy

Received: 31 December 2018;  Published: 15 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901034

Abstract

The consensus that cell senescence plays a role in age-related disease has prompted a number of potential clinical interventions, including attempts to reset cell senescence and attempts to remove senescent cells from aging tissues. The latter approach, senolytic therapy, has attracted considerable attention, but both theoretical considerations and published data suggest that the clinical benefits will be transient and that senolytic therapies will likely accelerate long-term degenerative disease. We review the ove [...]

2951 39535

Open Access Research Article

Effect of Six-Months Supplementation with Cholecalciferol on Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Pilot Study

Received: 31 October 2018;  Published: 14 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901033

Abstract

Background: It is well known that hypovitaminosis D has been associated with various cardio-metabolic disorders, though the pathogenetic link, if any, still remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate in elderly uncontrolled non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypovitaminosis D, whether six-months vitamin D supplementation was able to improve glycemic control, lipid profile and blood pressure levels. Methods: In an open-label pilot study, thirty type 2 diabetic patients (age 71.5 ± 3.2 years, BMI [...]

2151 11784

Open Access Research Article

Key Dimensions of Therapeutic Lies in Dementia Care: A New Taxonomy

Received: 12 December 2018;  Published: 11 February 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901032

Abstract

Background: Research suggests that the use of lies and deception is prevalent within dementia care settings, despite ongoing debates raised about the ethics of this approach. There has been increasing exploration of when and why deceptive practices should be used, but the lack of clarity as to what constitutes a lie has caused difficulty in ensuring that lies are used ethically. The aim of this study was to widen our understanding of the key dimensions that underpin the use of lies, and further to use this informat [...]

2665 19204

Open Access Editorial

Telomere Editorial - Perspectives on Telomeres and Aging

Received: 29 January 2019;  Published: 30 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901031

Abstract

Telomere Editorial-Perspectives on Telomeres and Aging

2320 13176

Open Access Research Article

An Examination of How the ‘Household Model' of Care Can Contribute to Positive Ageing for Residents in the ‘Fourth Age’

Received: 15 November 2018;  Published: 24 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901030

Abstract

Background: Promoting a good quality of life for the oldest members of society has become a top priority as evidenced in UK policy. The ‘household’ model is a departure from traditional approaches to care provision since it offers person-centred support - combing health and social care - to older people in specially-designed, small, homelike environments. Having gained increasing popularity in care homes across developed countries, the impact of this model of service delivery on residents’ quality of life and its c [...]

2789 16645

Open Access Research Article

Aging and the Art of Happiness: Time Effects of A Positive Psychology Program with Older Adults

Received: 31 October 2018;  Published: 10 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901029

Abstract

Background: Research has shown that positive psychology interventions can enhance subjective well-being and reduce depression. However, the efficacy of these programs with older adult populations has been minimally studied. The present study studied the short and long term impact of an intervention enhancing happiness and overall mental well-being in older adults. Methods: The Art of Happiness is an 8-week program conducted at 2 senior centers in the state of Delaware. Each 90-minute class examined a different topi [...]

2735 18643

Open Access Research Article

Acceptance of Information and Communication Technologies for Healthy and Active Aging: Results from Three Field Studies

Received: 31 October 2018;  Published: 04 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1901028

Abstract

Background: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have the potential to promote healthy aging and increase the quality of life of older adults. However, several barriers like access, performance, psychological, and privacy issues still exist against fully deploying ICT solutions for older adults. To determine useful methods to overcome such barriers, this work investigated the possible factors that prevent elders from directly accepting ICT services based on three field studies. Methods: The Unified The [...]

2174 11551

Open Access Review

What Activities Count as Active Aging? The Challenge of Classifying Diversity

Received: 07 November 2018;  Published: 26 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804027

Abstract

Active aging is a concept used to describe and promote lifestyles that contribute to a healthy aging process. However, these lifestyles vary widely, and the concept of active aging encompasses many activities. This paper considers two axes to classify the range of activities that can contribute to active aging: the resources needed to carry out such activities (low and high-resource needs) and the main orientation of the activities (self-oriented vs. activity with others). To illustrate this classification, three t [...]

2416 13770

Open Access Concept Paper

Understanding the Functional Roles of Multi-Modal Processing and Gc Activation In Older People's Performance in Caregiving Training

Received: 05 October 2018;  Published: 25 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804026

Abstract

The current article addresses the working memory constraints experienced by older people in caregiving training. Two different approaches aiming to free the older people’s working memory space were discussed. They include multi-modal visual processing and Gc activation. The emphasis was on the theoretical underpinnings of both approaches with empirical evidence from the research and literature to demonstrate their effectiveness in older people’s caregiving training. Further discussion was made with respect to the t [...]

2176 12808

Open Access Research Article

Wisdom and Curiosity Among Older Learners: Elucidating Themes of Well-Being from Beautiful Questions in Older Adulthood

Received: 30 October 2018;  Published: 24 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804025

Abstract

Background: Wisdom and curiosity require greater attention in the lifelong learning literature pertaining to older adulthood. Lifelong learning can assist older adults in amalgamating wisdom and pursuing their curiosities, but how wisdom is amalgamated and how curiosity is pursued in older adulthood needs more exploration. Methods: This qualitative study investigates subthemes of wisdom amalgamation and curiosity pursuits elucidated from interviews of older adults who participated in a university-based lifelong lea [...]

2738 22637

Open Access Original Research

Simplifying Caregiver Resources in Eldercare: Identifying the Support Needs of Caregiving Employees

Received: 26 October 2018;  Published: 13 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804024

Abstract

Background: The majority of long-term care provided to older adults and persons with disabilities is provided by unpaid family caregivers and friends. Employers have a stake in long-term care services as well since 60% of caregivers are employed outside the home, 49% have gone in late, left early, or taken time off during the day to deal with caregiving issues, and 15% have taken a prolonged leave of absence. Additionally, 87% of employed caregivers make telephone calls for caregiving from work. Presenteeism, the s [...]

2205 12911

Open Access Original Research

25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels are Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Preliminary Examination

Received: 01 August 2018;  Published: 05 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804023

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome are linked to pathological changes in the brain and increased likelihood of cognitive impairment. 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is commonly found in this population and is associated with cognitive dysfunction in other patient groups. This preliminary study sought to examine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are is associated with cognitive deficits in this population. Methods: Twenty individuals with T2DM and metabolic syndrome (n = 20, aged 45 to 72) [...]

2071 12915

Open Access Review

A Call to Arms for the Aged Care Sector: A Spotlight on Systematic Abuse and Neglect of Older Disabled Persons

Received: 17 July 2018;  Published: 28 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804022

Abstract

With rapidly aging populations worldwide there will be an increasing need to focus attention on the expected increase in disability with advancing age. Drawing upon established literature this paper aims to highlight the contribution of anthropology including selected research findings and contemporary understandings surrounding ageism, abuse and exploitation of older disabled persons. Health care providers within the context of the aged care sector are challenged to unburden themselves with negative images and pra [...]

2441 15893

Open Access Opinion

Do Social Isolation and Loneliness Kill People with Alzheimer's Disease?

Received: 04 October 2018;  Published: 26 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804021

Abstract

Patients with AD have shortened life expectancy than the general older population is well established. Loneliness may be another risk factor to consider if we wish to understand and improve the premature mortality of AD.

2047 11953

Open Access Review

A is for Autophagy and Alzheimer's

Received: 01 August 2018;  Published: 25 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804020

Abstract

Improved understanding of the underlying cellular dysfunction and resultant neuropathology of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is needed to stem the anticipated public health crisis due to this increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. The four main risk factors for sporadic AD are age, female gender, genetic carriage of the APOE4 allele and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Each of these four risk factors is associated with impaired and/or dysfunctional autophagy suggesting that perturbation of autophagy is [...]

1976 11137

Open Access Editorial

Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia

Received: 04 November 2018;  Published: 08 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804019

Abstract

Behavioral symptoms of dementia

2350 14443

Open Access Original Research

Missing Voices and Aging in Prison: Religiosity’s Influence on Positive Aging through Forgiveness

Received: 24 August 2018;  Published: 06 November 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804018

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the influence of positive psychological predictors, religiosity and forgiveness, on subjective and objective successful aging outcomes among incarcerated males. Methods: Male prison inmates (N=261), aged 45 to 82 and incarcerated in eight state-managed correctional facilities, were sampled from the prison census database (Oklahoma Department of Corrections or DOC). Exclusion criteria, per the Oklahoma DOC, were those housed in medical or psychiatric units, currently in solitary c [...]

2017 12631

Open Access Communication

Cognitive Reserve: Cognitive Abilities that Shield Against Dementia Symptomatology

Received: 19 June 2018;  Published: 31 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804017

Abstract

Background: Cognitive reserve describes the capacity for cognitively normal functioning despite brain damage. Previous research on cognitive reserve outlined how characteristics of the brain promote good cognitive functioning, although it is not yet clear what cognitive processes help individuals to maintain good cognitive functioning in the face of brain damage. Methods: Narrative review of relevant articles identified in literature searches for cognitive and/or psychometric characteristics of cognitive reserve. R [...]

2187 13502

Open Access Review

Association between Oral Frailty and Geriatric Conditions

Received: 06 September 2018;  Published: 26 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804016

Abstract

In Japan, the amount of aged hospitalized patients has been steadily increasing. Elderly people are susceptible to poor health, and the rise of elderly patients increases medical care expenses, which can cause economic strain. Therefore, it is clinically and socially important to reduce the occurrence of geriatric diseases, such as aspiration pneumonia and cognitive impairment. The daily care by family members is considered to be effective for the prevention of geriatric diseases, however, early detection of the di [...]

2931 15405

Open Access Original Research

Positive Aging a Two-Way Street: Healthy Lifestyle and Attitudes of Others

Received: 07 August 2018;  Published: 18 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804015

Abstract

Background: Previous research has indicated the attitudes that others have toward older adults play an important role in their well-being. The current study contributes to the literature because it evaluates attitudes toward older adults. Methods: The participants included Caucasian and Indigenous people residing in Northern Ontario. All participants were asked to complete a demographics questionnaire and the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (KAOP). Results: Results indicated that Indigenous participants h [...]

1903 10463

Open Access Original Research

New Holistic Enrichment Program Utilizing Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Designed for Institutionalized Residential Care Facilities

Received: 19 January 2018;  Published: 10 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804014

Abstract

Background: The growing aging population requires care support resources which engage older adults in many different aspects of human functioning and experiences [1]. The purpose of this applied research project was to develop, and pilot test a holistic enrichment program manual used with Institutionalized Residential Care Facilities (IRCF) that encompasses motor skill, social, cognitive and self- enrichment outcomes, and to pilot test the enrichment program manual to be both cost-effective and a time savings to IR [...]

2857 18623

Open Access Original Research

Dementia: Aloneness, Social and Relational Engagement, and Psychological Growth in Families

Received: 23 June 2018;  Published: 08 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1804013

Abstract

Background: Minimal research investigates negative and positive perspectives of wellbeing in families, when a member with dementia is limited in their speech, or speech is absent. Methods: Seeking to explore this phenomenon further, semi-structured interviews sought negative and positive subjective interpretations from 27 family carers (mild to profound dementia). Interviews explored the participants' experience of changing relational and social engagement when a family member lives with dementia. Data were analyse [...]

2545 13283

Open Access Review

Online Dating Profiles and Problems in Older Adults: A Review

Received: 28 April 2018;  Published: 25 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803012

Abstract

This narrative review is based on literature searches of PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms online dating in older adults. The papers that met inclusion criteria include content analyses of online dating profiles and interviews with online dating individuals. The issues that emerged from this literature included online versus off-line advantages and disadvantages, online profile characteristics that differ by age and gender and online use problems. Online versus off-line dating older adults have reputedly experien [...]

2836 32007

Open Access Review

Neuroimaging in Dementia

Received: 15 May 2018;  Published: 03 September 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803011

Abstract

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are three modalities in the imaging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article reviews the experience and data obtained from AD research using these techniques to understand the natural history of AD and to enhance therapeutic trials. It is now realised that their use can improve early detection of AD, and has opened a new corridor which may lead toward successful treatment.

2504 16885

Open Access Review

A Review of Oral Health in Older Adults: Key to Improving Nutrition and Quality of Life

Received: 26 April 2018;  Published: 27 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803010

Abstract

With increased life expectancy coupled with falling birth rate, issues concerning population ageing have vital outcomes and effects for all aspects of human life particularly as it relates to older people’s health and health care. Among these issues are oral health diseases which present as major public health concerns and constitute significant burden to all regions of the world. FDI World Dental Federation in 2018, states that 90% of the entire world’s population will be afflicted by oral health problems in their [...]

2881 24011

Open Access Original Research

The Effect of the Human Plasma Molecule GHK-Cu on Stem Cell Actions and Expression of Relevant Genes

Received: 08 June 2018;  Published: 14 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803009

Abstract

Background: Stem cell technology is a promising research area with a potential to create effective therapies for many degenerative diseases. However, to apply stem cell technology, we need to be able to identify and understand mechanisms that distinguish healthy regeneration processes from processes, which may result in chronic inflammation, scarring, fibrosis or cancer. GHK-Cu (glycine-L-histidine-lysine) is a small copper-binding peptide, which has a remarkable and well-documented ability to improve wound healing [...]

5070 128873

Open Access Original Research

Implementation of a Geriatric Patient-Centered Medical Home: the Geriatric Patient – Aligned Care Team (GeriPACT)

Received: 21 May 2018;  Published: 13 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803008

Abstract

Background: A Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patient centered medical home, the Geriatric Patient- Aligned Care Team (GeriPACT). Methods: Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles regarding strategy, resource development, patient and caregiver experience of care, and clinical care process improvement. Stakeholder engagement for half-time operation with initial grant support for personnel who also had collateral duties. Tracking of operations data. Results: The clinic population grew from 200 to 627 over a 7-year period [...]

2504 14286

Open Access Original Research

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for Route Reversal Learning

Received: 25 May 2018;  Published: 09 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803007

Abstract

Background: In this paper, we describe the design of a virtual environment (VE) using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) to scan and replicate a real environment (RE) in a virtual domain. Compared to using a CAD software, SLAM allows for the replication of an RE quite easily and quickly. Methods: To test the user’s performance in a SLAM-based VE, we developed an immersive virtual reality setup using a specialized wheelchair (VRNChair) and a head mounted display (Oculus Rift DK2), and employed a knowledge [...]

1964 12582

Open Access Short Report

Positive Life Experiences Following a Dementia Diagnosis

Received: 15 June 2018;  Published: 26 July 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1803006

Abstract

Background: Given the stigma and fear associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), combined with the progressive nature of the disease, the diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often very difficult; yet, there may still be ways to experience some positive outcomes following diagnosis. We aim to assess the psychological impact of a diagnosis of MCI or early dementia on positive well-being. Methods: Individuals with a diagnosis of MCI or AD were mailed surveys with the Silver-Lining Questionnaire. Resul [...]

2368 13594

Open Access Case Report

The Positive Effect of Long-Term Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Three Case Studies

Received: 12 March 2018;  Published: 11 June 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1802005

Abstract

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI] is a transition stage between normal aging and dementia. It seems to be useful to treat MCI before the onset of early dementia, though no pharmacological treatment is recommended [1]. These case studies aimed to assess the efficacy of long-term repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [rTMS] treatment on cognition, and clinical changes, in elderly MCI patients. Methods: Three patients with MCI were treated by rTMS with different parameters of stimulation, targeting th [...]

2207 13892

Open Access Editorial

What is Geriatrics?

Received: 20 March 2018;  Published: 28 March 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1801004

Abstract

All of us are intuitively aware, and many of us explicitly aware as well, of the meaning of geriatrics as a specialty. After all, most of us practice geriatrics or we have been intimately involved with this area and we are know the reality of geriatrics. Or do we? Geriatrics is an oddly ill-defined specialty when you look at it more carefully. Some of us practice medicine, some of us practice in the social sciences, and many of us simply do our jobs day-to-day and try to get by. What we share, however, is the heart [...]

1929 10012

Open Access Editorial

Gene Therapy Comes of Age

Received: 12 December 2017;  Published: 24 December 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1704003

2002 9909

Open Access Review

The Feasibility and Necessity of a Revolution in Geriatric Medicine

Received: 19 February 2017;  Published: 13 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1702002

Abstract

Currently, geriatric medicine consists mainly of palliative treatment of the disorders that characterize senile decay. This is perfectly compatible with the prevailing view that aging is the inevitable result of multiple degenerative processes that cannot be treated effectively as they are, in themselves, inevitable and irreversible. This interpretation of aging clashes with a mass of data and arguments that, conversely, indicate that aging is a specific physiological function, favoured by supra-individual natural [...]

1793 13102

Open Access Editorial

OBM Geriatrics—An International Open Access Journal for 21st Century Geriatrics Medicine

Received: 11 December 2016;  Published: 06 January 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1701001

Abstract

Geriatrics, and much of clinical medicine, is on the verge of a profound transformational shift. Until now, there has been a sharp conceptual divide between diseases which can be readily and effectively treated, and diseases which we have thought to be beyond clinical intervention. In the first disease category, are many of the most common infections that respond to antibiotics and immunizations. We have made dramatic changes in the demographics and the mortality of many such treatable diseases. At the other extrem [...]

1901 17598

Open Access Original Research

Detection of Some β-Lactamase and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes Among Local Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Najaf, Iraq

Received: 05 June 2026;  Published: 15 September 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603358

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of healthcare-associated infections. It is frequently linked to resistance to multiple antibiotic classes and can persist in hospital environments despite infection control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among K. pneumoniae. A total of 38 isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens and identified using the VITEK 2 Compact (GN-ID Card) and PCR targeting 16S rRNA. Multip [...]

95 211

Open Access Original Research

Predicting Tumor Mutational Burden in Prostate Cancer Using Deep Learning on Histopathological Images

Received: 11 February 2026;  Published: 07 September 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603357

Abstract

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a critical biomarker associated with the response to immunotherapy in prostate cancer. The heterogeneity of tumors can complicate the prediction of TMB, making reliable detection essential for effective treatment planning. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have facilitated the analysis of histopathological images, enabling better predictions of TMB. This study utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of prostate cancer patients, comprising 580 H&E-stained whole slide i [...]

259 603

Open Access Review

Genomic Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Salinity and Drought Stress: Genes, Networks, and Evolutionary Implications

Received: 07 October 2025;  Published: 04 September 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603356

Abstract

Salinity and drought stresses induced by climate change pose critical threats to global food security, necessitating a comprehensive insight of plant adaptive mechanisms at the genomic level. This review brings together recent advances in identifying genes, regulatory networks, and evolutionary strategies underlying plant responses to osmotic stress. We discuss key transcription factor families (DREB, NAC, MYB, and WRKY), ion transporters (SOS pathway, NHX, and HKT), genes involved in osmolyte biosynthesis, and rea [...]

268 865

Open Access Review

Mapping Research on Genetics and Educational Outcomes: A Bibliometric Review (1970-2025)

Received: 16 January 2026;  Published: 27 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603355

Abstract

This bibliometric review analyzes 387 Scopus-indexed publications (1970-2025) on the relationship between genetics and education, retrieved with the query (“Genetics” AND “Academic Performance”) OR (“Heritability” AND “Education”). Research output was minimal until the 2000s, then expanded rapidly with the rise of twin cohorts and, after 2010, large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and polygenic prediction. Science mapping reveals three thematic clusters: classical heritability studies of cognitive and academ [...]

333 975

Open Access Original Research

Integrative Nutrigenomic Systems Biology Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Interventions in Parkinson’s Disease: Nutrient-Gene-Disease Network Perspectives

Received: 15 December 2025;  Published: 24 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603354

Abstract

The pathology of PD is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, although the full regulatory network involved in this process is not yet fully established. The present research employed a multi-omic systems biology design, integrating transcriptomic, functional, epigenetic, and microRNA analyses to develop a mechanistic model of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. We have determined six differentially expressed genes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), solute carrier family 18 membe [...]

421 942

Open Access Case Report

Prenatal Diagnosis of a Low-Level Mosaic Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC): Early Postnatal Clinical Follow-Up

Received: 21 January 2026;  Published: 21 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603353

Abstract

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are rare chromosomal abnormalities with diverse outcomes and variable effects that can be detected prenatally. The clinical significance of low-level mosaic sSMCs is often uncertain, and postnatal follow-up is essential to assess phenotypic outcomes. A fetus in whom a low-level mosaic sSMC (8%) was detected during prenatal testing is reported. The sSMC was found in 12 out of 150 metaphases examined by conventional karyotype, followed by molecular cytogenetic analyses ( [...]

333 971

Open Access Case Report

A New Complex Variant 4-Point Break Three-Way Translocation Involving Chromosomes 8, 15 and 17 in a Patient with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 31 December 2025;  Published: 17 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603352

Abstract

The genetic hallmark of Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the balanced reciprocal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21), resulting in the PML::RARα fusion gene. Although the majority of APL patients carry the typical t(15;17), variant translocations involving three or more chromosomes have also been described. We report a case of a 59-year-old man showing clinical, morphologic, laboratory, and immunophenotypic findings of APL. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a variant complex 4-point break-three-way translocation invol [...]

459 1005

Open Access Case Report

Jumping Translocation of Chromosome 11q in De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Rare Chromosomal Aberration

Received: 15 April 2026;  Published: 10 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603351

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies. Among the less frequently encountered cytogenetic abnormalities are jumping translocations (JTs), in which a segment from a donor chromosome relocates to multiple recipient chromosomes. Although uncommon, these events have been described in association with clonal evolution and, in some cases, more aggressive disease behavior. Here, we describe a 49-year-old man who presented with fatigue and genera [...]

492 1157

Open Access Original Research

Analysis of rs25487 (Arg399Gln) in XRCC1 in Sudanese Diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Possible Risk Factors

Received: 04 January 2026;  Published: 03 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603350

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multifactorial malignancy influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487) polymorphism has been associated with NPC risk in several populations; however, evidence from African populations remains scarce. This study investigated the association between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and NPC susceptibility in a Sudanese population. A case-control study was conducted including 71 patients with histopathologically confirmed NPC and 71 [...]

528 1615

Open Access Case Report

Dental Care in Children with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Case Report and Evidence-Based Management

Received: 20 December 2025;  Published: 19 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603349

Abstract

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare, genetically determined disorders characterized by blister formation, skin fragility, and mucocutaneous blisters and erosions following minimal trauma. Oral manifestations and dental involvement of EB vary in frequency and severity depending on the subtype. Dental management of children with EB is complex due to the high risk of iatrogenic soft-tissue injury and requires strict adherence to evidence-based preventive and minimally invasive protocols. Published clinical p [...]

653 1704

Open Access Original Research

Novel SLITRK6 Nonsense Mutation in an Iranian Family with Autosomal Recessive Syndromic Hearing Loss

Received: 23 April 2026;  Published: 15 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603348

Abstract

SLITRK6 is essential for inner-ear neuronal survival and retinal development, and pathogenic variants in this gene cause syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (HL) with high myopia. This study aimed to identify the genetic basis of HL and myopia in a consanguineous Iranian family with two affected children and to characterize the molecular consequences of the detected variant. One sibling with bilateral congenital HL and myopia was evaluated using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Common variants (MAF >1%) were excluded [...]

846 1885

Open Access Original Research

Mutagenic Variations in Four Successive Generations of Cotton Varieties from Gamma Ray Treated Seeds

Received: 25 March 2026;  Published: 10 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603347

Abstract

Seeds of cotton varieties Ganja-160, Ganja-182, and Ganja-183 were γ-irradiated with the isotope Co-60 at doses of 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy (at a dose rate of 0.342 rad/sec). Irradiated seeds, along with non-irradiated seeds (controls), were sown at the experimental base of the Center for Agricultural Sciences under open-field conditions in four replicates. The aim was to obtain mutant cotton lines with high quality and improved technological parameters, as well as resistance to various diseases and ext [...]

700 1751

Open Access Original Research

A Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Model for Prostate Cancer Using Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiles

Received: 10 March 2026;  Published: 01 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2603346

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide, and early detection is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis due to their stability in blood and association with tumor-related molecular alterations. In this study, machine learning (ML) methods were applied to large-scale circulating miRNA expression data to develop a diagnostic model for PCa detection. Serum miRNA expression pr [...]

712 1863

Open Access Research Article

Skin Cancer and Its Classification in the Aged: A Study of Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OCT and AI

Received: 21 February 2026;  Published: 07 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2602345

Abstract

Skin cancer is a major disease that affects older subjects in the US. There are 56 million Americans 65 years and older in the US and the median age for melanoma diagnosis in the United States is 66 years. Each year 6 M patients are treated for skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Both melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma can metastasize with melanoma being more likely to metastasize compared to squamous cell carcinoma and lead to death. The need to screen older subject [...]

760 1871

Open Access Original Research

Clinical Manifestation of Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Indonesian Patients: A Multi-Centre Study

Received: 22 January 2026;  Published: 02 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2602344

Abstract

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode collagen, with varying clinical presentations. While some studies in Indonesia have reported OI’s clinical features and treatments, there is a lack of comprehensive national data, with limited awareness and access to specialized care for affected individuals. This collaborative study, involving multiple centres across Indonesia, aims to address data fragmentation by analyzing patient characteristics, clinical manifestat [...]

773 2366

Open Access Original Research

Prenatal Diagnosis of Severe Factor VII Deficiency in the Setting of Maternal Breast Cancer

Received: 23 January 2026;  Published: 26 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2602343

Abstract

Congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency is the most common rare bleeding disorder (RBD), presenting with various clinical manifestations. Given the heightened risk of life-threatening bleeding and fatal hemorrhagic complications, prompt detection of the disorder is critical, especially in cases with low FVII levels and a history of familial severe clinical presentations. In such cases, prenatal diagnosis (PND) emerges as a life-saving option. In this study, we reported two PNDs in a family with a positive family hi [...]

1040 2433

Open Access Original Research

Genetic Variants in Panamanian Patients with Hereditary Cardiomyopathies

Received: 26 January 2026;  Published: 20 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2602342

Abstract

Hereditary Cardiomyopathies (HCs) are defined as genetically determined cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that frequently exhibit a familial inheritance pattern. These conditions include cardiomyopathies (CMs), arrhythmias (ARs), and other inherited cardiovascular syndromes. In Panama, the national incidence of Hereditary Cardiomyopathies remains unknown. The objective was to identify genetic variants in Panamanian patients diagnosed with HCs or cardiac arrhythmias and subsequently to identify carrier families to prov [...]

1061 2323

Open Access Case Report

Clinical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a De Novo 3q26.33-q28 Duplication: Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 06 February 2026;  Published: 19 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2602341

Abstract

Isolated duplications of the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q) are rare chromosomal abnormalities. To date, approximately 32 pure cases have been documented. Most reported 3q duplications arise from unbalanced translocations or inversion-loops mechanisms and are associated with additional chromosomal imbalances, making pure duplications particularly valuable for genotype-phenotype correlations. We report a 17-year-old female with a de novo pure tandem duplication of 3q26.33-q28 (~10.945 Mb). The clinical course was mar [...]

1968 4322

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