by Sabine Neusatz Guilhen  , Tamires Watanabe  , Thalita Tieko Silva  , Suzimara Rovani  , Júlio Takehiro Marumo  , Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório  , Ondřej Mašek  and Leandro Goulart de Araujo

Received: 19 April 2022;  Published: 19 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2202010

The point of zero charge (PZC) is an inherent electrokinetic property of biochars (BC). It influences the adsorption process under certain pH conditions. Herein, we report the method of determination of the PZC values of ten standard BCs. We used the salt addition method to select the BCs with suitable properties for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solutions. The standard BCs were obtained by pyrolyzing five different biomasses at two distinct temperatures (550°C and 700°C). The BCs derived from rice husk [...]

by Seong Soo Choi  , Byung Seong Bae  , Kyoung Jin Kim  , Myoung JIn Park  , Yong Min Lee  , Hyun Tae Kim  and Soo Bong Choi

Received: 22 December 2020;  Published: 05 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101004

We fabricated various nanoaperture plasmonic platforms for single-molecule detection. We fabricated nanoapertures like nanopores on a pyramid and nanoslits on an Au flat membrane using a Ga ion focused ion beam drilling technique, followed by irradiating with a high energy electron beam, dependent on the electron beam current density to obtain nanoapertures with a few nanometer sizes (circular nanopore, nanoslit pores). We examined their optical characteristics with varying aperture sizes and sample thicknesses. We [...]

by Ladislaus Alexander Bányai  and Mircea Bundaru

Received: 21 October 2022;  Published: 08 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2204027

We describe here the coherent formulation of electromagnetism in the non-relativistic quantum-mechanical many-body theory of interacting charged particles. We use the mathematical frame of the field theory and its quantization in the spirit of the quantum electrodynamics (QED). This is necessary because a manifold of misinterpretations emerged especially regarding the magnetic field and gauge invariance. The situation was determined by the historical development of quantum mechanics, starting from the Schrödinger e [...]

by John Hanna

Received: 30 April 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2401006

The main weakest point of concrete is its exposure to cracks, and concrete structure repair is expensive, especially for infrastructure maintenance, which is difficult to access. The ability of self-healing concrete (SHC) to successfully heal fractures without the assistance of humans has received much attention since it increases operational life and lowers maintenance expenses. This paper reviews various techniques and technologies of autogenous and autonomous self-healing concrete. Much more attention is given t [...]

by Muhammad Qasim Zafar  , Ramisha Sajjad  , Muhammad Tuoqeer Anwar  , Muhammad Salman Mustafa  , Naveed Husnain  , Anas Bin Aqeel  and Muhammad Bilal Khan

Received: 01 October 2024;  Published: 10 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2501006

Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) process has been established as an industrial process for customized and intricate metallic components. It is one of the growing technologies proving its potential in numerous fields by introducing the latest processing methods. The significant growth in this technology is partially fueled by its ability to manufacture parts that could be performance-beneficial and commercially utilizable in various industries. The adaptability of metal AM processes has prompted innovation across [...]

by Chingrishon Kathing  and Geeta Saini

Received: 15 October 2022;  Published: 30 December 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2204028

Wastewater generated by the textile industry has been a major environmental concern for a long. Production of fiber involves various steps and uses a lot of chemicals, dyes, and water. Therefore, the effluent produced from the textile industry needs proper purification before discharging into the water body. The current review summarizes various physical and chemical methods like ion exchange, coagulation-flocculation, membrane separation, membrane distillation, oxidation, ozonation, etc., for wastewater treatment. [...]

by Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid  and Abu Bin Imran

Received: 30 June 2024;  Published: 30 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2403024

Emerging Trends in Engineering Polymers signify a pivotal transformation in material engineering, marking a departure from traditional materials towards innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable polymers. This review delineates the forefront of advancements in polymer materials, including high-performance, bio-based, biodegradable, innovative, and functional polymers. Highlighting their enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance showcases these materials' pivotal role in driving t [...]

by Kai-Yang Liu  , Li-Xia Yin  , Xu Lin  and Shun-Xing Liang

Received: 20 March 2022;  Published: 21 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2202008

Biomaterials have always been the focus of material scientists and engineers. Titanium and its alloys have favorable properties, such as high strength, low density, good corrosion resistance, non-toxicity, low elastic modulus, biocompatibility, etc. Thus, Ti alloys have received much attention from scientists and engineers who work with biomaterials. Among these properties, the elastic modulus is a very important property for implant biomaterials because it avoids the “stress shielding” effect. In this study, we su [...]

by Chandra Mouli Vemury  , Marco Corradi  , Feras Abozaid  , Alasdair Charles  and David Hughes

Received: 19 August 2019;  Published: 30 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101009

Shape memory alloys (SMA) belong to a family of smart materials, which undergo diffusionless phase transformations when subjected to thermo-mechanical changes making them ideally suitable for utilization in several structural engineering applications. Within this class of materials, Ni-Ti (Nickel-Titanium) alloys are predominantly used due to their non-linear behaviour. Nitinol, one of the Ni-Ti alloys, possesses unique properties such as super-elasticity and shape- memory effect, which makes it suitable for dampin [...]

by Babak Jahani  , Xinnan Wang  and Amanda Brooks

Received: 26 June 2020;  Published: 08 September 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003021

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a modern and more effective treatment for bone defects has recently received lots of attention. One of the pivotal parts of BTE is the “scaffold”, which functions as an indwelling carrier of cells and additives, as well as, providing a foundation for cell growth and eventually forming new, native-like bone. Up to now, many methods and materials have been employed to manufacture bone scaffolds. This review focuses on providing both basic knowledge of BTE as well as possible methods o [...]

by Gérald Lopez

Received: 25 November 2020;  Published: 25 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101005

Polymers such as polyimides and fluoropolymers are widely used for insulating aeronautic wires. They are exposed to various changing factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture, vibration, chafing, etc. The electrification on the horizon can potentially increase the demand for these systems. Indeed, this impending evolution of technology pushes the boundaries of commonly-employed wires. Downsizing systems and enhancing the performance is an urgent requirement. A new generation of insulating materials capable of [...]

by Udeme Udokpoh  and Chidozie Nnaji

Received: 02 September 2022;  Published: 12 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2301006

The several furniture-making phases, from cutting to processing to polishing, produce a significant volume of sawdust of differing grades. The extraction and disposal of such waste in developing countries with no established or sustainable methods is an increasing problem, frequently posing environmental challenges. Sawdust is one of the most underused wood waste portions, with mounds dispersed around the region, detracting from its visual appeal and causing other ecological concerns. This study investigated potent [...]

by Yang Zhang  , Jiawen Chen  , Xiaowen Hu  , Wei Zhao  , Dirk J. Broer  and Guofu Zhou

Received: 17 August 2021;  Published: 01 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2104044

The reverse mode polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is an emerging smart window technology. Unlike traditional PDLCs, a reverse mode PDLC can be transparent and opaque in the absence and presence of an external electric field. This report provides a brief introduction to several reverse modes PDLC smart window technologies, focusing on polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLCs). The systems based on electrohydrodynamic instability (EHDI) of liquid crystals have also been discussed. The working principles, mode [...]

by Ghazaleh Ramezani  , Theo G. M. van de Ven  and Ion Stiharu

Received: 20 September 2024;  Published: 21 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2501004

This study investigates the hypothesis that diverse synthesis techniques can yield cellulose-graphene hybrids with tailored properties for specific applications, enabling advancements in flexible electronics, energy storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical devices. We examined and compared multiple synthesis methods, including chemical reduction, in-situ synthesis, green synthesis using natural reducing agents, solvent-assisted approaches, hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques, mechanical and chemical [...]

by Xinran Lv  , Ziqiang Yin  , Zhigang Yang  , Junshuai Chen  , Shen Zhang  , Shaolei Song  and Gang Yu

Received: 02 January 2024;  Published: 03 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2402009

Titanium diboride (TiB2) materials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable comprehensive properties. They offer potential applications in high-temperature structural materials, cutting tools, armor, electrodes for metal smelting, and wear-resistant parts. However, due to the low self-diffusion coefficient, the TiB2 exhibits poor sinterability, excessive grain growth at elevated temperatures, and inadequate oxidation resistance, limiting its wide application. Therefore, many research works are de [...]

by Mahyar Vefaghi  , Hediyeh Rezaei Sedehi  and Omid Ashkani

Received: 09 April 2025;  Published: 03 August 2025;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2503012

Nowadays, the development of advanced processors plays a key role in the progress of humanity and the discovery of new sciences, and quantum computers play an essential role in this regard. In this regard, the development of new generation processors is necessary for the development of quantum computers. Quantum diamonds, with their astonishing properties, especially the presence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in their crystalline structure, are among the most advanced emerging technologies in the field of quantu [...]

by Eugene Stephane Mananga

Received: 26 December 2020;  Published: 13 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102012

by Sampo Mäkikouri  , Sirje Vares  , Kirsi Korpijärvi  and Nikolaos Papakonstantinou

Received: 12 January 2021;  Published: 13 May 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102018

Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest issues plaguing human life at present. Hence, immense attention is being paid to developing methods that can potentially reduce carbon dioxide emission. With the help of carbon-negative concrete, manufactured from alternative binders and cured with waste carbon dioxide, a major part of the manufacturing industries that emit carbon dioxide can be potentially turned into a carbon sink. In this study, the waste material streams in Finland, suitable for disposing [...]

by Kikuko Hayamizu  , Tomoyuki Haishi  , Yasuhiko Terada  , Kunimitsu Kataoka  and Junji Akimoto

Received: 24 January 2023;  Published: 03 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2302014

Pulsed field-gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy was applied to thin disk samples (0.5, 1 and 2 mm thick, 4 mm diameter) of LLZO-Ta (Li6La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12) single crystal. We have measured the diffusion of 7Li in thin pellets (0.5 to 3 mm thick) of NASICON-type LAGP powder and found that the Li+ diffuses preferentially in the thicker direction. In this study, we placed 1 mm thick, 4 mm diameter disk-shaped single crystals vertically, i.e., parallel to the PFG direction. We found that 7Li ions diffuse similarly as in rod- [...]

by Supriya Rattan  , Derek Fawcett  , M. Tennant  , Joanna Granich  and Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern

Received: 02 November 2020;  Published: 05 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101007

To date, many studies have examined the development and use of novel materials, enhancing the performance of existing dental composites and improving methods for restoring tooth structure. In recent years, nanotechnology-based techniques have been used to develop a variety of nanomaterial-based dental products aimed at conservative dentistry applications. These new nanomaterial-based materials offer improved physicochemical and mechanical properties, combined with enhanced aesthetics that makes them superior restor [...]

by H. Hakemi  , O. Pinshow  and D. Gal-Fuss

Received: 24 June 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1903002

In the past few years, there have been many attempts to commercialize Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) for Rear Projection Screen (RPS) in electrically switchable films and glass products. This application is based on the exceptional image quality of PDLC at a wide viewing angle. However, due to the high price of conventional switchable PDLC privacy glass, the integration of RPS in PDLC failed to attract large multimedia and entertainment markets. An obvious solution to this problem is the independent develo [...]

by Frederick H. Silver  , Nikita Kelkar  , Tanmay Deshmukh  , Istvan Horvath  and Ruchit G. Shah

Received: 04 February 2020;  Published: 29 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2002010

Elastic moduli of tissues and synthetic polymeric materials are important design properties needed to develop new implants. In this paper we report the use of vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and calculate the modulus of tissues and synthetic polymers non-invasively and non-destructively in vitro and in vivo. Values of tissue and polymer moduli were obtained by applying an audible sinusoidal sound wave to the surface of each specimen. The sound wave travels to the in [...]

by Jeonghyeon Cheon  and Seunghyun Kim

Received: 21 October 2021;  Published: 25 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2201002

3D printing is an attractive method to fabricate microfluidic devices due to (1) its fast and simple process without specialized equipment and cleanroom environment, and (2) its capability to create complex 3D structures. Combined with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), it can be used to develop various microfluidic devices taking advantage of both 3D printing and PDMS. In this paper, we investigated a Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer to fabricate 3D printing/PDMS integrated microfluidic devices. We used it to f [...]

by Obinna Okolie  , Iwona Stachurek  , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian  and James Njuguna

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 23 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2201004

There is a current need for tissue and organ repairs, replacement, and regeneration for patients who suffer from diseased or damaged tissues or organs. This situation is continuously on the rise and the supply of this form of therapy does not meet the patients demand mostly due to lack of donors and biocompatibility issues which causes immune system rejection of the implants. To succeed through these limitations, researchers are currently investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. The conv [...]

by Sana Sandhu  , Anindita Arpa  , Xi Chen  , Rahul Kumar  and Justyn Jaworski

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.1904006

Increasing interest in bacterial cellulose due to the huge potential which exists for the development of this new biomaterial for medical applications has been met with recent growth in research in engineering this unique microbial manufactured material. The mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose derived biomaterials are particularly attractive for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications. Advances in synthetic biology and soft materials engineer [...]