by Akemi Hirano  , Yusuke Suzuki  , Hiroyuki Umegaki  , Toshio Hayashi  , Koichiro Ina  , Joji Onishi  , Jun Hasegawa  and Masafumi Kuzuya

Received: 13 October 2019;  Published: 19 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2001108

The incidence of vascular diseases among caregivers of dementia patients is high, and one potential cause is the exacerbation of blood coagulability due to mental strain from caregiving. This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on blood coagulability, from the perspective of improving the health of caregivers. Thirty-one healthy elderly caregivers, residing with patients suffering from Alzheimer’s-type dementia, were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, moderate walk [...]

by Yoko Kawamura

Received: 15 May 2025;  Published: 30 October 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2504329

In Japan, a super-aging society, the development of Ikigai is considered the key to extending healthy longevity in national policy. Thus, activities provided by local governments are designed to encourage Ikigai. At this point, Ikigai has developed its conceptual understanding, which includes its distinctiveness from life purposes and other closely related concepts. Empirical studies using developed measurements have shown that Ikigai has an impact on the mental and physical health of older adults across countries [...]

by Marika Haritos Paul  , Mary Beth Arensberg  , Judy R. Simon  , Satya S. Jonnalagadda  , Suzette L. Pereira  , Jamie S. Partridge  and Joseph A. Rosenthal

Received: 10 April 2020;  Published: 22 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002120

Poor nutrition is linked to frailty and both poor nutrition and frailty are recognized risk factors for falls. This study examined the association between dietary protein intake and subsequent reported falls in community-dwelling older Americans with a history of falls. Other nutritional, functional, and sociodemographic-related variables were also considered in our model. This was a retrospective analysis using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS), both fu [...]

by Jacques De Reuck  , Florent Auger  , Nicolas Durieux  , Claude-Alain Maurage  , Vincent Deramecourt  , Charlotte Cordonnier  , Florence Pasquier  , Didier Leys  and Regis Bordet

Received: 12 October 2020;  Published: 17 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2004143

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is reported to be probably linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Since FTLD is characterized by severe frontotemporal degeneration along with hippocampal atrophy (HA), the present study used post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether a certain degree of HA occurs in the ALS brains as well. The examined post-mortem brain samples comprised 9 from the ALS cases and 17 from the age-matched controls. The hippocampus samples were examined on t [...]

by Areen Omary  and Tameka Chambers

Received: 17 August 2021;  Published: 22 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2104185

The current study aimed to examine if sex can significantly predict risk for lifetime major depressive episodes among adults aged 65 and older with and without adjustment for covariate variables of race, education, marital status, health, and poverty. Secondary data was obtained from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health public-use data file to achieve study goals. The study participants were males and females aged 65 years or older. The unweighted sample included 3,969 adults aged 65 years or older, represent [...]

by Keith A. Wollen  and John W. Hoyt

Received: 15 February 2019;  Published: 18 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902048

Background: Cognitive abilities in Alzheimer’s Disease are usually examined by formal tests conducted in a laboratory or facility. Such tests are useful for determining the severity of the disease but do not indicate the types of cognition exhibited in the daily lives of patients. This study shows significant preservation of cognition and quality of life in the daily routine of a woman with severe Alzheimer’s who was given multiple therapeutic interventions. Alzheimer’s disease involves multiple d [...]

by Fabio Robusto  , Giovanni Colucci  , Maria Zamparella  , Enrico Maria Pellegrini  , Brigida Martucci  , Pasquale Iacovazzo  , Enza Colucci  , Martino Minardi  , Cristina Giliberti  , Vito Bossone  , Vito Lepore  and Stefano Ivis

Received: 08 September 2021;  Published: 04 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2201192

Frailty is a chronic condition that increases the vulnerability to stressogenic factors and prevents the patient from returning to the preceding condition of homeostasis. This increases the risk of negative outcomes and progressively brings the patient toward disability, leading to higher use of healthcare resources. Clinical risk stratification systems can generally be useful for identifying frail patients from the standpoint of a healthcare system, though General Practitioners (GPs) assume a key and irreplaceable [...]

by Hülya Çakmur

Received: 23 March 2023;  Published: 14 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2303245

The geriatric population is increasing all over the world. Aging people have special health requirements and comprehensive medical checkups prevent physical, functional and mental decline during the aging period. This study aimed to examine the fitness level and identify problems with the well-being of elderly persons. In this context, the study also attempted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the health status of elderly adults. In this cross-sectional study, 168 elderly adults (≥ [...]

by Jennifer Marchbank  , KJ Reed  , Claire Robson  , Gloria Gutman  and Balbir Gurm

Received: 04 January 2024;  Published: 18 March 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2401274

Elder abuse occurs to older adults who are members of gender and sexual minorities (GSM). Whilst most of that abuse is similar to that experienced by their heterosexual and cisgender peers GSM older adults face particular vulnerabilities due to their life experiences and changes. In this article we report on our findings from a literature search and knowledge synthesis, conducted as part of a larger project to inform Canadian policy makers working to eliminate gender and sexuality-based inequalities. The review inc [...]

by Andreea L. Seritan

Received: 26 November 2021;  Published: 24 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2201187

Older adults’ mental health needs significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatric psychiatry is an area of extreme workforce shortage globally. A novel curriculum was developed to educate healthcare providers on COVID-19-related geriatric and geropsychiatry topics. Monthly lectures were presented from November 2020 to June 2021. Evaluations were collected after each lecture via an anonymous survey. Overall lecture quality and relevance for the participants’ clinical practices were rated on a 1-3 Lik [...]

by Stefan Hardy Lung  and Thomas Lung

Received: 30 November 2024;  Published: 14 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502307

Cellular senescence (aging) is a physiological process that plays a role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and embryogenesis. Prolonged senescence of cells can have detrimental effects and trigger a secretory phenotype (SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype), degenerative disorders, cancer, and age-related diseases. Suitable biomarkers and a range of different laboratory methods are used to investigate these complex relationships in vitro and in vivo. Since a universal biomarker for cell senescence has [...]

by Katrine Hygum  , Jakob Starup-Linde  , Torben Harsløf  and Bente Langdahl

Received: 29 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904090

Background: The increased risk of fractures in individuals with diabetes has been underestimated by conventional fracture predictors such as the bone mineral density T-score or the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. The present study conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and fractures in patients with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search. Eligibility criteria were studies investigating BTMs in patient [...]

by Elisabeth M. Sebesta  and Roger R. Dmochowski

Received: 17 May 2023;  Published: 05 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2304251

The evaluation and treatment of mixed urinary incontinence receives relatively little attention as compared to other forms of incontinence. Mixed incontinence, however, defined as the combination of stress and urgency incontinence, accounts for the largest proportion of incontinence, with an increased incidence in older women. The condition can be very challenging to manage due to the coexistence of multiple pathologies. Treating either component can worsen the other, which means careful discussion of the risks and [...]

by Marcel Ruiz-Mejias  , Patricia Castano-Prat  , Tony Donegan  and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives

Received: 31 December 2019;  Published: 14 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2001105

Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been reported to induce changes in the cerebral cortex circuits. The present review aims to study these alterations by reviewing emergent cortical activity with a focus on the rhythmic patterns. The rationale for this approach was two-fold: (i) emergent rhythmic activity integrates cellular and network properties of these underlying circuits; and (ii) alterations in rhythmic patterns reflect the functional impact of changes on the network induced by the pathophysiology of the [...]

by Sanaz Taherzadeh  , Deanna Gray-Miceli  , Ksenia Zukowsky  , Kathy Gray  and Sarah J. Ratcliffe

Received: 01 February 2025;  Published: 26 June 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2502317

Falls are a serious global public health issue affecting individuals of all ages, resulting in serious injuries, fatalities, and extended hospital stays. While knowledge and attitude of healthcare staff toward fall prevention are understood to impact patient safety, less well known are the type and content of fall prevention surveys used to identify nurses’ knowledge of fall prevention. Until now, no study has systematically reviewed the universe of existing tests, surveys, and programs used to assess fall pr [...]

by José Antonio Latorre  , Cristóbal Abellán  , Alejandro López-Moro  , Nuria Giménez-Blasi  , Javier Conde-Pipo  and Miguel Mariscal-Arcas

Received: 07 November 2022;  Published: 27 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301224

The leading causes of death in older adults involve nutritional risk factors, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Prevalence of lifestyle diseases, older adults consider themselves in good, very good or excellent health. Older adults want to remain independent and not burden others; they believe proper nutrition and sufficient exercise will help them maintain their autonomy and independence. To describe the diet, nutrition and general health status of the older adult population in Spain and their adherence [...]

by Valentin Decroix  , Eric Fruchart  and Patricia Rulence-Pâques

Received: 19 October 2022;  Published: 03 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302231

The objective of the present experimental study was to compare how young people, healthy older people, and older people with dementia cognitively integrated three factors (Intention, Consequence, and Apology) when making blame-like judgments (prosecution and revenge) and forgiveness-like judgments (resentment and reconciliation). Thirty-four young people (Mage = 22.12, SD = 3.44), 22 healthy older people (Mage = 71.82, SD = 8.69), and 18 older people with dementia (Mage = 75, SD = 10.06) participated in the study. [...]

by Lena Natapov  , Ayelet Berg-Warman  , Ile Kermel Schiffman  and Shlomo Paul Zusman

Received: 01 May 2022;  Published: 17 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204212

To understand dental service utilization in the over-65 age group and to identify the main patterns and barriers to uptake of dental care after the 2019 expansion under the National Health Insurance Law to include dental benefits for the over-75 age group. Phone interviews with a random sample of 512 people over the age of 65 were conducted between February and April 2020. About half had visited a dentist during the previous year (an average of 2.9 visits) while 17% reported they had never visited one. Dental servi [...]

by Ajay Risal  , Dipak Kunwar  and Barsha Shrestha

Received: 21 December 2023;  Published: 08 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2401268

This paper discusses the impact of Depression on the aging population. It also tries to explore the psychosocial risk factors and burden associated with geriatric depression in low-and-middle-income (LAMI) countries. Nepal, a South Asian developing country, is resource-poor and research-naïve. Research, in general, and mental health studies, in particular, are the least prioritized in this country. The lack of culturally adapted psychiatric inventories is one of the possible reasons for the low number of mental hea [...]

by Angela Horyacheva  , Samantha Shune  and Ashwini Namasivayam-MacDonald

Received: 11 August 2022;  Published: 07 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204210

Stroke survivors often receive spousal support for post-stroke impairments. The quality of spousal caregiving and couples’ wellbeing can suffer from post-stroke relationship changes and caregiver burden. Because swallowing impairment (dysphagia) is common post-stroke and spouses providing dysphagia care may experience burden, it is also important to explore whether relationship changes post-stroke are associated with dysphagia outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe stroke survivor-spouse relationships [...]

by Victoria S. Jiminez  , Minh Chung  , Mohammad Saleem  and Nabiha Yusuf

Received: 02 July 2022;  Published: 17 April 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302233

Skin aging is a complex process that involves several extrinsic and intrinsic factors and skin health is an indicator of the well-being of an individual. In recent years, there have been numerous developments using computerized systems to aid in finding solutions and treatments to skin aging processes. Tools like artificial intelligence (AI) can aid in finding solutions and treatments for skin aging. AI can also help in monitoring or identifying early signs of skin aging. Within the field of skin aging, several inn [...]

by Amrin Ahmed  , Alixe Ménard  , Alison C Novak  , Nancy Edwards  and Sarah Fraser

Received: 27 May 2024;  Published: 28 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403286

Older adults are disproportionately susceptible to hospitalizations and fatalities due to stair-related falls. While many intrinsic risk factors, such as mobility and vision, may increase the likelihood of falls on stairs, features of the stairs that increase the risk of falls are understudied. This study aimed to capture older adults’ perspectives of stair falls, as well as introduce the Safer Steps app and explore its feasibility in this population. This m-health technology was designed to gather data on st [...]

by David G Smithard

Received: 24 December 2022;  Published: 07 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301225

Ageing: Longevity, Successful and Positive

by Lotte Gerholt  , Casper N. Bang  , Eva Gerdts  , Anne Cecilie Larstorp  , Sverre E. Kjeldsen  , Stevo Julius  , Kristian Wachtell  , Peter M. Okin  and Richard B. Devereux

Received: 20 December 2021;  Published: 09 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2201194

It remains unknown whether left atrial systolic force (LASF), a measure of left atrial function, can be used as a predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). Furthermore, the effect of the treatment with atenolol and losartan on LASF is unclear. A total of 758 patients without atrial fibrillation at baseline were enrolled from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) reduction in hypertension echocardiography sub-study. Participants of the LIFE study were randomized to either atenolol-or losartan-based [...]

by Alyson Holland  and Amanda Lorbergs

Received: 29 October 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904093

Beliefs about the daily experience of a disease are used to identify risk and motivate participation in prevention. For osteoporosis, a disease that is affected by health behaviours throughout the lifecourse, individual perceptions of the disease can affect health decisions and future disease prevalence. Understanding how the experience of osteoporosis is perceived by women at different stages of life can illuminate factors that influence engagement in prevention. Women representing three life stages - young adults [...]

by Giacinto Libertini

Received: 19 February 2017;  Published: 13 April 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1702002

Currently, geriatric medicine consists mainly of palliative treatment of the disorders that characterize senile decay. This is perfectly compatible with the prevailing view that aging is the inevitable result of multiple degenerative processes that cannot be treated effectively as they are, in themselves, inevitable and irreversible. This interpretation of aging clashes with a mass of data and arguments that, conversely, indicate that aging is a specific physiological function, favoured by supra-individual natural [...]

by Jane Anastassopoulou  , Ioannis Mamarelis  and Theophile Theophanides

Received: 07 March 2021;  Published: 12 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2104180

In the present study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the formation and development of carotid artery atherosclerosis. The FTIR spectra showed that with the progression of atheromatic plaque formation, the collagen changed its native structure from ɑ-helix to random coil, amyloid, and cross-links. The infrared spectra and SEM analysis of carotid arteries showed that higher than 65% of the atheromatic plaque in patients with stenosis cons [...]

by Michael Fossel

Received: 14 January 2020;  Published: 15 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2001100

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by Wanda Liguigli  , Rita Cengarle  , Anita Rimanti  , Giovanna Catania  , Laura Faglioni  , Simone Voltolini  , Carla Rabbi  , Roberto Barbieri  , Ilenia Zanardi Di Pietro  , Beatrice Vivorio  , Patrizia Morselli  , Chiara Iridile  , Laura Rigotti  and Maurizio Cantore

Received: 26 October 2022;  Published: 27 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301230

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is utilized to plan social and health care of the elderly and to complete the diagnostic-therapeutic choice of oncologist also considering early integration with palliative care. Cancer patients (pts) hospitalized aged ≥70 years were screened by the G8 questionnaire to define if necessary CGA. CGA identified: fit, unfit and frail pts. We screened 95 pts by G8 and 93 (98%) were at risk. Pts at risk, evaluated by CGA resulted: 3 fit, 45 unfit and 45 frail. 3 fit pts received s [...]

by Karen E. Burke  , Xueyan Zhou  , Yongyin Wang  and Huachen Wei

Received: 29 July 2021;  Published: 13 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2104184

The supplement telomerase activator TA-65 (purified from Astragalus membranaceus) has been shown to retard cellular senescence, boost the aging immune system, and retard age-related symptoms. Lengthened telomeres retard aging, but because cancers often maintain longevity by lengthening telomeres, dietary telomerase activator might possibly increase tumorigenesis. This study investigated whether oral TA-65 effects the timing of onset and/or the incidence of skin cancers induced by UVB-irradiation and whether that po [...]

by Andrey Koptyug  , Yurij Sukhovei  , Elena Kostolomova  , Irina Unger  and Vladimir A. Kozlov

Received: 14 April 2023;  Published: 22 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2304263

Understanding processes related to human aging and rejuvenation relies on experimental data and advanced models operating at different levels. There are several existing conceptual and specific modeling approaches. However, one of the existing tasks is compiling generic models linking properties at cell and cell-element levels to properties at systemic levels - tissue, organ, and whole body. One of the critical issues in the relevant models is the enormity of interacting components at the cell and sub-cell levels n [...]

by Jalal Uddin  , Meredith Greene  , Leslie Dubbin  , Madeline Deutsch  and Jason D. Flatt

Received: 28 July 2023;  Published: 15 December 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2304261

Housing is one of the top four most needed services for LGBTQ+ older adults, and this study focuses on the intersection of depression and social antecedents among LGBTQ+ older adults eligible for low-income housing. To explore social antecedents (i.e., demographics, early events, later events, social integration, and stressors) associated with screening positive for depression among low-income LGBTQ+ older adults from two cities in the Western United States. A cross-sectional study was conducted with LGBTQ+ older a [...]

by Sami Badwan  , Elizabeth Bailey  and James M. Harper

Received: 09 November 2022;  Published: 07 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301226

In the 1950’s Denham Harman proposed the Free Radical Theory of Aging whereby species lifespan and individual longevities are the consequence of free radical driven damage to biomolecules. This led to decades of research to ascertain the effect of altered antioxidant defense systems on aging and mortality in an array of species using reverse genetics and dietary manipulation. Within invertebrates, the data generally support the Free Radical Theory in that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes or dietary supplementa [...]

by Nicole Dawson  , Ashleigh Trapuzzano  and Katherine S. Judge

Received: 08 December 2023;  Published: 03 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2402275

Latest estimates indicate that 5-7% of the population are living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias worldwide with a doubling in incidence expected every 20 years. Rehabilitation professionals are challenged with the complex needs of these patients. It is commonly thought that patients with dementia do not benefit from rehabilitation because of cognitive decline, behaviors, lack of communication, or difficulties in learning; however, current literature indicates this is not accurate. With proper knowled [...]

by Katharina Reichelt  , Ewan James  , Daniel Thompson  and Shaun Tanney

Received: 14 August 2022;  Published: 18 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301222

This article discusses the findings from a training programme called ‘Communication and Interaction Training’ (CAIT). CAIT was designed to improve the confidence of carers in their use of communication skills with people living with dementia, particularly when managing behavioural agitation. This pre/post assessment study employed a mixed design, and showed positive effects in terms of quantitative and qualitative features. The participants were mainly from a specialist team who were experienced in managing episode [...]

by Wanda Liguigli  , Rita Cengarle  , Anita Rimanti  , Giovanna Catania  , Laura Faglioni  , Simone Voltolini  , Roberto Barbieri  , Ilenia Zanardi Di Pietro  , Beatrice Vivorio  , Patrizia Morselli  , Chiara Iridile  , Laura Rigotti  , Giuseppe Lucchini  and Maurizio Cantore

Received: 10 July 2023;  Published: 16 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2304258

Home is the preferred place of death for most cancer patients. We examined which characteristics of older patients with cancer may have influenced this choice and how important may be relevant an early collaboration between oncologists and palliatives. Hospitalized patients aged ≥70 were screened by G8 questionnaire and evaluated by Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to identify frail and unfit ones and define the most appropriate end-of-life setting with palliatives. Using the G8 questionnaire, we screened 1 [...]

by Byron J. Hoogwerf

Received: 09 July 2024;  Published: 20 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2501299

Sarcopenia is more common in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in persons without diabetes. There is overlap of some pathophysiologic features of sarcopenia and T2DM. In addition, the risk for sarcopenia is associated with common complications of T2DM including renal disease, cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. Glycemic control in T2DM may have some benefits on sarcopenia. The specific effects of glucose lowering agents on sarcopenia suggest that metformin, insulin, thiazolidinediones and GLP1 re [...]

by Giacinto Libertini

Received: 04 December 2024;  Published: 10 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503325

There is a main difference between theories explaining aging as an adaptive phenomenon that is determined and modulated by genes (i.e., the result of a specific “program”) and theories explaining aging as a non-adaptive phenomenon caused by the accumulation of random degenerative events. In fact, for adaptive theories, a genetically determined and modulated program determining aging is indispensable, while for non-adaptive theories, such a program cannot exist. However, there appears to be strong evidence to suppor [...]

by Elizabeth Midlarsky

Received: 14 August 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904088

Louise H., Ph.D was referred to me by her long-term primary care physician (PCP) who was certain that his patient was seriously depressed and in need of medication and possibly psychotherapy. My own assessment, in consultation with a neurologist, was that Louise’s problems with coping were primarily neurological, and that her issues were due to serious (and in one case embarrassing) symptoms. Her neurological problems (mild Parkinsonism and PseudoBulbar Affect, or PBA) are currently being addressed by the neurologi [...]

by Rotem Arieli  , Gina Lee  , Yeon ji Ryou  and Peter Martin

Received: 01 July 2022;  Published: 14 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204211

This research aims to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of positive subjective well-being among centenarians and near-centenarians in the Health and Retirement Study. Participants who eventually survived to age 98 or older (N = 516) were included. Study variables included demographic characteristics, health and activities of daily living (ADL) functioning, cognitive functioning, and positive well-being. Additionally, a smaller subsample (n = 192) of participants with supplemental leave-behind qu [...]

by Suzanne Fleming  , Mary Beth Arensberg  , Kirk Kerr  and Robert Blancato

Received: 22 November 2022;  Published: 10 March 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301227

Older adults have a heightened risk of malnutrition that occurs with age. Many factors can increase their risk for malnutrition, including factors associated with disease, function, social and mental health, and hunger and food insecurity. Risk for malnutrition is also linked to disparities and may disproportionately impact people living in rural areas. This Perspective paper outlines the issue of malnutrition and its impact on health outcomes and health disparities as well as summarizes existing evidence on malnut [...]

by Roy G Beran

Received: 01 July 2022;  Published: 13 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2203204

This paper examines sleep disorders in older people, focusing on Parkinson’s disease (PD). It defines PD and explores those conditions associated with sleep disorders and their relationship to PD. It identifies specific conditions which cause sleep disoders in patients with PD, namely: REM sleep behaviour disorder (RDB) which may be a precursor to PD; obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which is very prevalent amongst people with PD; depression and mood disorders which both increase with age and are more common in peopl [...]

by James S. Powers  , Shana Atkins  and Allison B. McCoy

Received: 05 June 2022;  Published: 28 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2203205

Many health systems have joined the Age-Friendly Health Systems movement to provide every older adult safe, high-quality care aligned with what matters most. Becoming an Age-Friendly Health System means that hospitals and health care systems reliably use a set of evidence-based practices known as the “4M’s” – What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility – to provide care for older, disabled and medically complex patients across all care settings. Implementing the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s (IHI) 4M [...]

by Giacinto Libertini

Received: 22 July 2022;  Published: 14 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204208

The interpretation of aging as an adaptive and programmed phenomenon implies the existence of specific genetically determined and regulated aging-causing mechanisms. This interpretation is in contrast to the explanation of aging as the gradual accumulation of the effects of harmful factors that are only partially countered by natural selection. The subtelomere–telomere theory of aging offers what is required by the interpretation of aging as a programmed phenomenon. The experimentally documented mechanisms that are [...]

by Darcy A Hille  , Sverre E Kjeldsen  , Stevo Julius  , Kristian Wachtell  , Peter M Okin  and Richard B Devereux

Received: 30 December 2021;  Published: 24 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2201189

We aimed to assess some readily available patient characteristics such as urinary albumin excretion as predictors of a primary composite event of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, and cardiovascular death among patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, and develop risk algorithms for the outcomes. A “Cox proportional hazards” model identified the baseline variables that significantly affected the occurrence of the composite endpoint in 9193 elderly hypertensive patients with lef [...]

by Sue Westwood  , Trish Hafford-Letchfield  and Jemma James

Received: 16 October 2023;  Published: 21 February 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2401270

Research suggests health, social care, and social work professionals who are highly religious, and adhere closely to traditional doctrine, are more likely to take a negative view of LGBTQ people. This includes those who provide services to older people. Negative attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and/or queer (LGBTQ) people can translate into poor care and even abuse. This commentary discusses recent literature on older LGBTQ people’s experiences of religious abuse. It highlights the concerns among man [...]

by Jie Zhang  , Jichao Wang  , Jill M. Norvilitis  and Wanting Fang

Received: 11 March 2024;  Published: 23 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403285

This paper examines whether different types of intergenerational support have different effects on life satisfaction among the elderly, and whether a gender difference exists in the effect of intergenerational support on the elderly’s life satisfaction. Data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) were used for this study. The study sample consisted of 10,801 cases. A logit regression model was used for empirical verification. All types of intergenerational support were found to have effects on life [...]

by Athina Markouizou  , Evrydiki Michali  , Christina Mamareli  , Jane Anastassopoulou  , Panayiota Kolovou  , Ioannis Mamarelis  and Theophile Theophanides

Received: 12 September 2022;  Published: 24 November 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204215

Breast cancer affects the female population worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the therapeutic modality in the management of breast cancer, after radical mastectomy or conserving surgery. The FTIR spectroscopic "marker bands" will lead us to approach the mechanism of skin damage due to the interaction of ionizing radiation and skin, on a molecular level at the very early stages. FT-IR spectroscopy, breast digital pictures, and ImageJ software were used in the study. Healthy breast skin was irradiated ex-vivo w [...]

by Vikas Dhikav  , Prerna Bhati  , Pankaj Kumar  and Praveen Kumar Anand

Received: 18 June 2023;  Published: 05 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403284

This scoping review aims to review the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention for improving mental health outcomes in the geriatric population globally. Yoga is practiced by millions worldwide. Since practitioners of yoga claim to have calmer minds and better psychological and physical health, this topic needs to be reviewed at length. There is a considerable treatment gap worldwide in treating mental disorders, especially in old age, and there is a shortage of low-cost, feasible, and acceptable prev [...]

by Dean M. Cordingley  and Stephen M. Cornish

Received: 30 May 2022;  Published: 07 October 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204206

Myokines are cytokines secreted from muscle during contraction and are implicated in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine regulation of biological systems. It is postulated that myokines contribute to skeletal muscle adaptations in response to resistance exercise. Exercise, including resistance exercise, is an important factor in the management of maintaining skeletal muscle strength, mass, and function with aging. Sarcopenia is exacerbated with increased age and therefore, it is important to understand the potentia [...]