by Gabriele Cipriani  , Sabrina Danti  , Cecilia Carlesi  , Claudio Lucetti  , Angelo Nuti  and Mario Di Fiorino

Received: 27 March 2019;  Published: 16 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903070

Background: Mania in older adults is associated with a high rate of medical and neurological disease. Objective: The goal of this review is to describe the phenomenon of manic episodes in patients suffering from dementia. Methods: Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2019. Search terms used included dementia, late-onset, mania, and elderly. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. Resultsan [...]

by Ernesto de Titto  and Atilio Savino

Received: 22 December 2023;  Published: 11 June 2024;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2402014

Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is frequently not properly performed. Whenever this happens, those working in the different stages of the process, as well as residents close to the dumps, face health risks. Here, we revised the documented evidence of emissions liberated during MSW management and associated health problems to investigate if systematic and reproducible relationships can be established. Besides substances released during collection and transportation, various toxic substances, predominantly [...]

by Karin Matko  , Holger C. Bringmann  and Peter Sedlmeier

Received: 08 March 2021;  Published: 13 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103030

Traditional yoga encompasses a variety of practices, such as postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical teachings. However, little is known about how different components of yoga contribute to its overall effect. In this meta-synthesis, we comprehensively summarized the current evidence on differential and incremental effects of various yoga components collected from available meta-analyses. For this meta-analysis, we searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and the Cochrane Library in July 2021. We [...]

by Shih-Ang Hsu

Received: 21 December 2020;  Published: 24 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2101014

In order to improve offshore wind power operation and maintenance (O&M), particularly during tropical and non-tropical cyclones, short-term forecasts or nowcasts up to 6 hours of meteorological and oceanographic (met-ocean) parameters including wind, waves, currents and turbulence intensity are needed. On the basis of numerous air-sea and wind-wave interaction experiments, datasets are analyzed including those from simultaneous measurements of wind and waves during Hurricane Wilma. Formulas are presented for nowcas [...]

by Eileen J. Carter  , Srijesa Khasnabish  , Jason S. Adelman  , Michael Bogaisky  , Mary Ellen Lindros  , Lois Alfieri  , Maureen Scanlan  , Ann Hurley  , Megan Duckworth  , Alexandra Shelley  , Kenrick Cato  , Shao P Yu  , Dianne L Carroll  , Emily Jackson  , Stuart Lipsitz  , David W Bates  and Patricia C. Dykes

Received: 23 March 2020;  Published: 18 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002119

Falls represent a persistent and costly patient safety issue. Fall TIPS (Tailored Interventions for Patient Safety) is a patient-centered and clinical decision-supported, fall prevention program that has led to fewer falls and related injuries among hospitalized patients. We aimed to identify dominant facilitators and barriers to Fall TIPS adoption. This multisite qualitative study was conducted in 11 hospitals representing three academic health systems, where Fall TIPS had been implemented for at least one year. I [...]

by Reddy A Bharat  , Shetgaonkar Pundalik Prathmesh  , Fatma Sarsu  and Penna Suprasanna

Received: 24 December 2023;  Published: 29 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2402233

Induced mutagenesis has emerged as an essential field of plant breeding to address global food security challenges, offering tools to enhance crop productivity, resistance, and nutritional value. Among the mutation induction tools, the physical mutagen such as gamma rays holds promise for efficient mutation induction. Gamma rays, a type of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, possess unique characteristics that enable them to penetrate plant tissues and induce genetic mutations. The biological effects are influen [...]

by Argyrios V. Karatrantos  , Md Sharif Khan  , Chuanyu Yan  , Reiner Dieden  , Koki Urita  , Tomonori Ohba  and Qiong Cai

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 27 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2103043

The performance of metal-ion batteries at low temperatures and their fast charge/discharge rates are determined mainly by the electrolyte (ion) transport. Accurate transport properties must be evaluated for designing and/or optimization of lithium-ion and other metal-ion batteries. In this review, we report and discuss experimental and atomistic computational studies on ion transport, in particular, ion diffusion/dynamics, transference number, and ionic conductivity. Although a large number of studies focusing on l [...]

by Lauren E. Guerriero  and Bruce F. O'Hara

Received: 12 February 2019;  Published: 24 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1902031

Meditation describes a large variety of traditions that are extremely variable, but all include the conscious focus or awareness of attention. By maintaining their attention, meditators experience both acute and long-term changes in physiology, anatomy, and cognitive performance. The literature shows that the type of performance benefits may depend on the specific type of mental training. During meditation practice there is a documented increase in neuronal coordination and slowing of neuronal firing across many re [...]

by Thomas Eggermann  , Deborah J.G. Mackay  and Zeynep Tümer

Received: 28 June 2018;  Published: 30 August 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1803031

Uniparental disomy (UPD), the inheritance of both homologues of a chromosome from only one parent, has been reported for nearly all human chromosomes. Depending on its mode of formation and time of occurrence, UPD can be present in all cells of an organism, or restricted to some cell lines as a mosaic UPD. Though its general frequency is unknown, it becomes clinically relevant when it produces homozygosity for recessive pathogenic variations or is associated with chromosomal imbalances. UPDs are well-known for thei [...]

by Esther Mbuci Kinyua  , George William Atwoki Nyakairu  , Emmanuel Tebandeke  and Oghenekaro Nelson Odume

Received: 19 February 2023;  Published: 20 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2303039

Recently, microplastics have emerged as a major environmental pollutant and have been documented globally. Several studies have shown that microplastics can accumulate heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants as they pass through the environment due to their functional groups interacting with and complex these substances. While conventional wastewater treatment methods can reduce a significant amount of microplastics, many still make their way into rivers and oceans worldwide from their effluents. One of the [...]

by Suheir Awadalla  , E Bethan Davies  and Cris Glazebrook

Received: 21 October 2024;  Published: 31 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404261

Numerous studies have explored the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among university students worldwide. However, only a few have examined how these symptoms affect students' academic performance. This systematic review explores the relationship between depression, anxiety, and academic performance among undergraduate university students. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1997 and June 2020 were included if they: (a) were in English; (b) had a study population that was exclusively undergraduate [...]

by Nikita Francis

Received: 15 March 2020;  Published: 01 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002121

Despite continuous efforts to combat neurodegenerative diseases, researchers have been unable to find an intervention that reverses degeneration and/or improves cognition in dementia or healthy aging. Therefore, it is considerably important to identify lifestyle factors that could potentially aid in healthy brain aging and prevent or delay neurodegenerative diseases. The emerging interest in the ancient practice of fasting has inclined researchers to study the physiological and behavioral effects of this practice. [...]

by Mykhailo Zhylin  , Viktoriia Mendelo  , Svitlana Bondarevych  , Yuliia Kokorina  and Andrii Tatianchykov

Received: 08 July 2024;  Published: 22 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404256

Emotional regulation (ER) is the process by which people change their physiology, expressions, and emotional experiences to operate in their daily lives. Deficits in emotion control may be connected to physical and mental health consequences. This review aims to identify genetic variants, understand neurobiological mechanisms, and explore behavioral phenotypes associated with ER. In our study, we included English studies from online databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sco [...]

by Behzad Foroutan

Received: 02 January 2023;  Published: 03 July 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2303185

The main purpose of this paper was to generate a narrative review related to the current knowledge of the TP53 gene and its product, the p53 protein. It was also attempted to elucidate the different p53 reactivation strategies of great interest, as various small molecules are being studied to reactivate mutant p53. PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for p53, mutant p53, and wild-type p53 limited by the title filter through the end of 2022. The collected articles were studied, evaluated and summarized. In the sh [...]

by Gérald Lopez

Received: 25 November 2020;  Published: 25 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101005

Polymers such as polyimides and fluoropolymers are widely used for insulating aeronautic wires. They are exposed to various changing factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture, vibration, chafing, etc. The electrification on the horizon can potentially increase the demand for these systems. Indeed, this impending evolution of technology pushes the boundaries of commonly-employed wires. Downsizing systems and enhancing the performance is an urgent requirement. A new generation of insulating materials capable of [...]

by Michael Frass  and Katharina Gaertner

Received: 16 January 2019;  Published: 16 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1902023

This case reports of a 71-year-old patient with polycythemia vera (PCV). Homeopathic treatment began 15 years after his diagnosis at the age of 51. The frequency of phlebotomies was lowered significantly after the start of the homeopathic treatment; the patient survived another 16 years without chemotherapy, which he had rejected despite appropriate education. For someone with PCV who denied chemotherapy, this patient had a long survival time of more than 30 years, essentially enjoying good health and high quality [...]

by Paul A. Barclay  and Clint A. Bowers

Received: 27 July 2018;  Published: 07 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1804024

(1) Background: Meditation is a common intervention for college students suffering from issues with anxiety. Due to this popularity, several meditation-based video games have been released which can be used to supplement or motivate meditation practice. However, these tools are not often given scrutiny in a laboratory setting before being released to the public. Our lab conducted a brief feasibility pilot study to investigate Meditation Deathmatch, an open-source meditation video game aimed at stimulating meditatio [...]

by Nicole A. Bailey  and Laura Mackay

Received: 12 May 2024;  Published: 16 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2403256

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism with an incidence that varies throughout the world. PKU is caused by loss of function variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. This loss of function leads to the accumulation of an amino acid, phenylalanine (Phe), that can reach toxic levels in the blood. PKU is managed with a medical diet and sometimes with medication. If diagnosed early and with strict dietary control, neurocognitive deficits can be prevented. There is an important [...]

by Andrew Villamil  , Talya Vogel  , Elli Weisbaum  and Daniel J. Siegel

Received: 03 October 2018;  Published: 16 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1901003

Research on the physiological and emotional health benefits of meditative practices has grown exponentially over the last two decades, influencing both scientific literature and popular media. Research has highlighted three distinct components or pillars at the core of meditative practices and mind training. They are, focused attention, open awareness, and kind intention. Neuroimaging studies and recent research highlight that the repeated practice of directing attention and awareness can enhance neural connections [...]

by Sarah-Catherine Rodan  , Phillip Aouad  , Iain S McGregor  and Sarah Maguire

Received: 08 April 2021;  Published: 24 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a major health problem with one of the highest mortalities and treatment costs of any psychiatric condition. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the most widely used treatment for AN in adults but provides remission rates ≤ 50%. Treatment drop-out is exceedingly high and those that persevere with treatment often relapse, causing increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to find new interventions, especially as there are no approved pharmacological treat [...]

by Anupa Pathak  , Saurab Sharma  and Mark P. Jensen

Received: 30 December 2019;  Published: 05 February 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2001005

There is a growing body of research evaluating the effects of hypnosis for the management of clinical pain. A summary of the recent systematic review would help understand the quality of evidence regarding the efficacy of hypnosis, and provide directions for future research. We conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy of hypnosis for management of clinical pain conditions published after 2013. We searched four databases and two reviewers independently screened studies. We e [...]

by Igor Val Danilov

Received: 20 June 2023;  Published: 05 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185

The theoretical article aims to develop knowledge about the modulation of shared intentionality at the cellular level. A hypothesis about the neurobiological processes during shared intentionality argues that this pre-perceptual communication occurs through nonlocal neuronal coupling in an ecosystem that can be described as the mother-fetus communication model. The current theoretical study analyses literature to discuss recent findings on the effect of oscillations on neuronal temporal coordination to verify wheth [...]

by Kim Lawson

Received: 05 November 2019;  Published: 20 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2001049

Fibromyalgia, characterised by persistent pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, is a central sensitivity syndrome that also involves abnormality in peripheral generators and in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Heterogeneity of clinical expression of fibromyalgia with a multifactorial aetiology has made the development of effective therapeutic strategies challenging. Non-restorative sleep associated with poor sleep quality is a characteristic of fibromyalgia which is linked to symptom s [...]

by Kate McKeown  , Emma Richards  , Jessica Richardson  and Andrea Tales

Received: 08 January 2021;  Published: 07 June 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102100

Information processing speed (Reaction time, RT) to a single administration of the Trails A and Trails B components of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is used in the assessment of brain and behavioural functional integrity across the lifespan in both clinical and research contexts. Although the clinical utility of such single trial-related and thus rapidly gained results, is recognised, it is possible that its administration as a single trial only, precludes its ability to provide a more in-depth and thus relevant repr [...]

by Jyoti Bhattacharjee  and Subhasis Roy

Received: 17 February 2024;  Published: 09 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2403011

The evolution of nanomaterials has been critical in modifying materials at the nanoscale for specialized uses. Carbon nanotubes were initially viewed as promising for electronics, but their inability to discriminate between semiconducting and metallic phases led to the creation of quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) materials. Molybdenum nanoparticles are utilized as alloy additions in corrosive and high-vacuum environments. Their characteristics differ significantly from those of their bulk counterparts. This review anal [...]