by Jim Anbazu  and Nana Serwaa Antwi

Received: 14 February 2023;  Published: 17 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2304047

Urban heat island (UHI) effects are evident in many cities globally. Studies have revealed that UHI impacts air pollution and vice versa. However, it is observed that these two severe problems are addressed independently instead of interrelatedly. The study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between air pollution and heat and how they constantly shape urban areas for planning and future research purposes. A global shift from sustainable planning practices to building urban resilience exi [...]

by John Old  and Cornelis Harteveld

Received: 03 July 2017;  Published: 14 August 2017;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1703005

Carrier screening for the haemoglobinopathies has undergone many technological improvements in haematological and molecular diagnostic techniques since the first prenatal diagnoses by DNA analysis in the 1970s by Southern blot analysis enabled the implementation of effective successful prevention programmes for beta thalassaemia involving public education, carrier screening, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in Mediterranean countries. The application of a wide variety of PCR-based molecular diagnostic tec [...]

by Alice Walton  , Mustafa Faruk Usta  , Melissa Wong  and Wayne Hellstrom

Received: 01 August 2021;  Published: 02 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2104042

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ED is almost three times more prevalent in men with MetS. Vascular pathologies are a significant factor for the development of ED, and many experts suggest endothelial dysfunction (EnD) as a likely explanation for the association between ED and MetS. Studies also show that corporal vascular and trabecular smooth muscle dysfunction leads ultimately to corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction. Different functional system abnormalities [...]

by Darren E. Stewart  , Amber R. Wilk  and David K. Klassen

Received: 14 December 2018;  Published: 22 January 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1901041

Background: This study examines very recent trends in deceased donor kidney transplantation to assess the performance of the kidney allocation system (KAS), implemented December 4, 2014, and whether bolus effects associated with KAS have stabilized nearly four years after implementation. Methods: The overall number of deceased donor kidney transplants, as well as the proportion of transplants by recipient and transplant characteristics, were calculated monthly from December 2013 through September 2018 and examined [...]

by Amber Bonnington  , Meisam Amani  and Hamid Ebrahimy

Received: 13 August 2021;  Published: 14 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104024

Since oil exploration began, oil spills have become a serious problem. When drilling for oil, there is always a risk of an oil spill. With the new development of technology over the years, oil spill detection has become much easier making the clean-up of a spill to happen much faster reducing the risk of a large spread. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to detect the Deep-water Horizon oil spill through a change detection method. The change detection method allows the viewer to determine the differ [...]

by Wilson C. Chin  , Xiaoying Zhuang  and Jamie A. Chin

Received: 07 September 2024;  Published: 06 December 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2404023

Our new approach to MWD mud pulse telemetry offers significant increases over conventional data rates. Using waveguide acoustics, we show that common drilling communications channels support carrier frequencies exceeding several hundred Hertz. Such signals are prone to attenuation over large drill pipe distances. Low power, self-spinning “turbosirens” are designed, providing high torque and rotation rate performance at all flow rates without electric or hydraulic motor drives. The sirens rotate, drawing only on the [...]

by Carlos A. Echeverry-Gonzalez  and Vladimir V. Kouznetsov

Received: 01 December 2020;  Published: 28 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102015

The design of nanomaterials for application in diverse fields ranging from photovoltaic to fluorescence sensing is a research area of increasing interest. Recently, Quantum Dots (QDs), which are classified as semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) and Carbon dots (CDs), have become a hot topic of investigation, owing to their extraordinary tunable fluorescence emission properties that render them excellent candidates for sensing metal ions. The detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions with high sensitivity is very i [...]

by Mahintaj Dara  , Negin Shafieipour  , Mahsa Saffar  , Mehdi Dianatpour  , Seyed-Mohammad-Bagher Tabei  and Seyed-Alireza Dastgheib

Received: 18 November 2024;  Published: 01 April 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2502289

Since the initial discovery of the CRISPR system in bacteria as an adaptive immune system, a deeper understanding of CRISPR structure and function has made it possible to perform gene editing, gene therapy, and revolutionize the diagnostic field. One of the exciting applications of the CRISPR-Cas system is used as a tool for the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases and their treatment and the prevention of infection spread among people. The CRISPR-based diagnostic system could be the next-generation standard beca [...]

by Cristina Lull  , Antonio Lidón  and María Desamparados Soriano

Received: 25 March 2022;  Published: 10 June 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2202024

Soil pollution is a major challenge for ensuring a healthy environment and for human health. One of the critical points in soil pollution policy is the education and public awareness of the problem caused by soil pollution. Education influences decision-making on soil and water care. It is crucial to spread knowledge to undergraduate and graduate students about the determinantal effects of soil pollution on ecosystems and humans, considering today’s students are tomorrow’s guardians of soil and human health. A cour [...]

by Prabhumallikarjun Patil  and Amanda RB Weber

Received: 18 January 2022;  Published: 22 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203129

Cerebral palsy is defined as “A group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems [1].” Between 30-40% of people with cerebral palsy also have epilepsy [2,3,4]. Som [...]

by Steve Liebich

Received: 16 March 2020;  Published: 02 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2003113

Multicellularity has gained the advantage over the unicellular world by expanding the number of increasingly more complex tissues that achieve advanced and specific functions. This same event gave rise to the most evolved group of organisms, namely mammals. Even though the complexity of multicellular organisms does not necessarily provide them with excellent adaptation modes performed by unicellular and prokaryotic organisms, this complexity per se stands as one of the greatest phenomena in biology. However, there [...]

by Yusuf Sani  , Raba’ah Syahidah Azis  , Ismayadi Ismail  , Yazid Yaakob  , Chen Soo Kien  , Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik  and Lim Kean Pah

Received: 11 October 2024;  Published: 26 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2501003

The widespread usage of various wireless equipment in many facets of life has significantly contributed to the severe pollution caused by electromagnetic radiation. Thankfully, scientists have created materials that can absorb microwave radiation and convert dangerous electromagnetic waves into other forms of energy, including heat energy. Many recent investigations have been published regarding developing materials that absorb microwaves with different constituents, morphologies, and architectures. Microwave-absor [...]

by Kelly Swing  , Jaime Chaves  , Stella de la Torre  , Luis Sempértegui  , Alex Hearn  , Andrea Encalada  , Esteban Suárez  and Gonzalo Rivas

Received: 30 March 2022;  Published: 22 September 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203035

The rights of nature have been widely discussed at a philosophical level for a long time, but examples of its practical application are quite rare. Ecuador is the first country to incorporate this concept into its constitutional foundation and put the theory into practice. However, implementing entirely justifiable rights of nature is hindered by factors, such as economic considerations, legal interpretations, cultural norms, political will, and disproportionate perspectives of “the greater good”. After getting opp [...]

by Michael F Knoll  , Carmela A Knoll  , Rita Bottino  , Suzanne Bertera  and Massimo Trucco

Received: 12 January 2021;  Published: 25 March 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2101140

Clinical islet transplantation was first realized over four decades ago at the University of Minnesota. Autologous islet transplantation is now widely recognized as a treatment to prevent diabetes in patients after pancreas excision and is offered at major transplant centers throughout the United States and the world. Type 1 diabetes represents a much larger demographic in which islet transplantation may benefit patients. Allogeneic islet transplantation can now offer similar outcomes to pancreas transplantation in [...]

by Eugene Stephane Mananga

Received: 26 December 2020;  Published: 13 April 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2102012

by Arnold De Loof  and Liliane Schoofs

Received: 03 October 2019;  Published: 29 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904046

There is a growing awareness that the proteins—amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau—do not cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but are produced as a result of it. Similarly, doubt reigns over the degree of causality of high plasma cholesterol and prenylation in AD. This review proposes a fresh and important perspective, in addition to the current line of thinking. It emerges from comparative analysis, in evolutionary retrospect, of the characteristics of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathways in insects versus [...]

by Inmaculada Zarzo  , Pietro Marco Boselli  , Nadia San Onofre  and Jose M. Soriano

Received: 07 September 2023;  Published: 23 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2304022

Lately, we've witnessed the emergence of obesity as a prominent concern for public health and the economy. This issue commands serious attention, impacting millions worldwide, particularly in the most developed nations. Practical approaches to tackling obesity involve tailored physical activity and dietary interventions overseen by qualified healthcare professionals. Nonetheless, some individuals opt for quicker routes, embracing dietary regimens that promise rapid and effortless weight reduction yet lack substanti [...]

by Sonal Mishra  , Neha Kumari  , Donat-P. Häder  and Rajeshwar P. Sinha

Received: 03 January 2022;  Published: 16 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2201011

Cyanobacteria are the most ancient phytoplankton that first appeared at least 2.5 billion years ago and have a prolonged evolutionary history. They can form impenetrable and toxic blooms in aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater and marine environments. Cyanobacterial blooms produce cyanotoxins that endanger ecosystem functioning and deteriorate water quality used for recreation, drinking, and in fisheries, thus, adversely affecting human health and the economy. Some bloom-producing genera are Aphanizomenon, Plankto [...]

by Lindsey Cundra  , Michael Saadeh  , Manasa Vallabhaneni  , Kevin Houston  , Steve D’Souza  and David A Johnson

Received: 28 April 2022;  Published: 09 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory state of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The cause of IBD is multifactorial, encompassing factors of genetics, environment, and the host immune system, initiating a complex interplay of maladaptive host immune responses and subsequent chronic inflammation. Aberrant host immune responses are at least in part due to changes in the commensal microbiome, which can in turn affect the [...]

by Alessandro Stasi  and Onnida Thongpravati

Received: 04 March 2024;  Published: 29 May 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2402238

The expansion of do-it-yourself (DIY) gene editing, facilitated by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology, has catalyzed a significant shift in scientific research and biotechnology innovation. This movement is propelled by a community-driven approach that challenges the traditional confines of scientific exploration, allowing amateur scientists to perform sophisticated biological experiments. While this democratization fosters inclusivity and accelerates innovation, it simult [...]

by Lucy V. Fisher  and Andrew R. Barron

Received: 24 February 2021;  Published: 16 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2103028

One of the largest problems facing the steelmaking industry is the high amount of waste currently produced and the low amount of waste that is currently recycled. This study aims to look at the suitability of 3 different samples of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CO2 adsorption analysis [...]

by Gulzhaina K. Kassymova  , Mariam R. Arpentieva  , Bakhyt D. Zhigitbekova  , Hans Schachl  , Aigerim N. Kosherbayeva  , Kundyz Zh. Aganina  , Farid R. Vafazov  , Petr V. Menshikov  , Marina G. Golubchikova  and Andrey I. Korobchenko

Received: 07 March 2023;  Published: 07 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304193

Stressful events in students' and teachers' personal, academic, and professional lives are widespread. The paper discusses many effective methods and techniques for correcting and preventing stress that are simple to learn and practice. They give good results in working with children, adolescents, and youths in training and education. Some practices are more complex and require more attention and effort to understand and master them, but they also have broader capabilities in various situations. Therefore, training [...]

by Christiano Lima Machado  and Carlos Eduardo Sanches de Andrade

Received: 23 September 2022;  Published: 31 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301015

The amount of greenhouse gases has been growing dramatically in recent decades, producing global warming and causing climate change that affects the entire planet. To mitigate these emissions, several nations have committed to implementing measures to reduce emissions of these gases, with carbon dioxide being the main one. The transport sector is one of the leading carbon emitters. It needs to be the object of attention from government authorities and private companies so that sustainable solutions are planned and [...]

by Annelie K Gusdal  and Christine Gustafsson

Received: 09 November 2019;  Published: 07 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002114

The people with dementia experience a progressive loss of cognition, while more than 90% of them develop behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). BPSD may result in physical injuries and psychological distress among people with dementia and their family/caregivers. First-line care strategies in dementia care should not unthinkingly involve pharmacological interventions to avert or reduce the behavior, and should rather consider the person and their unique requirements. Therefore, a combination of p [...]

by Chiara Castellani  , Emanuele Molteni  , Serena Colafrancesco  , Fabrizio Conti  , Roberta Priori  and Rossana Scrivo

Received: 13 August 2020;  Published: 18 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2004139

Musculoskeletal conditions represent one-third to more than one-half of all non-communicable disease multimorbidities in the elderly, worsening their disability because of pain and limited physical function, often concurring with their mental decline. Musculoskeletal conditions significantly contribute to frailty and global disability, second only to mental health conditions. Furthermore, premature mortality, generally due to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, has been documented in several rhe [...]