by Demelza Emmerton  , Samra Khan  , Joanne Conway  , Daniel Mosby  and Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz

Received: 31 May 2020;  Published: 10 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2003127

With life-expectancy rising globally, the prevalence of ageing, comorbidity and frailty is likely to increase especially in the low and middle income countries. The emergence of the new COVID-19 pandemic has been concentrated in this group of patients and has led to worse outcomes compared to younger and less comorbid populations. This group of patients is at an increased risk of multi-organ consequences of systemic disease. Therefore, systemic assessment of these patients from the outset and optimisation of their [...]

by Chaonan Zhang  , Robert Fuller  and Iyad Hijazi

Received: 10 November 2020;  Published: 25 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2101006

The Pd-H system has attracted extensive attention. Pd can absorb considerable amount of H at room temperature, this ability is reversible, so it is suitable for multiple energy applications. Pd-Ag alloys possess higher H permeability, solubility and narrower miscibility gap with better mechanical properties than pure Pd, but sulfur poisoning remains an issue. Pd-Cu alloys have excellent resistance to sulfur and carbon monoxide poisoning and hydrogen embrittlement, good mechanical properties, and broader temperature [...]

by Horst J. Koch

Received: 06 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904091

The prevalence of Late-life Depression (LLD) has been estimated between 10% and 15%. Therefore, it is a considerable worldwide problem. The psychopathology is not substantially different from that of depressive episodes in young adults but somatic complaints in combination with end-of-life perspective leave an imprint on emotional experience. The frequent suicidal tendency, especially in old unmated men, remains a particular challenge. It is important to combine psychiatric and somatic diagnostics using modern meth [...]

by Carol Tran  and Laurence J. Walsh

Received: 28 September 2021;  Published: 26 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2104046

Subsurface remineralization can be promoted by the topical application of nanoparticles of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). To assess changes in enamel white spot lesions, an in situ proof-of-concept investigation was performed using 5 subjects (all of whom were healthy young adults) with a cross-over study design. Custom orthodontic brackets were attached to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary second premolar and first molar teeth. Each bracket had a recess that held a slab of enamel w [...]

by Ameya Patil  , William E Sweeney  and Ellis D. Avner

Received: 07 August 2018;  Published: 23 December 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.1804056

Renal cysts are present in a wide variety of hereditary renal diseases in children. The term polycystic kidney disease (PKD) refers to two specific hereditary diseases, distinguished by the usual age of onset and genetic cause: autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease/congenital hepatic fibrosis (ARPKD/CHF, MIM *606702) and autosomal dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD-OMIM *601313 and OMIM *173910). ARPKD/CHF is characterized by cystic dilations of the renal collecting ducts and developmental defects of biliar [...]

by Mohammed Faruqi  , Zachary Scott Dean  , Francisco Aguiniga  and Breanna Bailey

Received: 15 November 2020;  Published: 15 January 2021;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2101002

Prestressed concrete members have gained popularity as an efficient and effective way of designing a structural member with the best engineering and material properties. The method of prestressing a structural concrete member has the capability of controlling increased service loads with less depth over longer spans. However, deflections from over-loading or loading over time give a disadvantage to the common steel reinforced concrete members by the effect of corrosion as the structural concrete develop cracks. To [...]

by Minghan Bao  , Nagi Abdussamie  and Faisal AlThobiani

Received: 03 December 2022;  Published: 09 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2301008

Analysing the structural response of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) requires a robust method to estimate environmental loadings associated with extreme weather conditions. This study aimed to accurately predict wind loadings on a non-rotating OWT using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Ansys Fluent package. The inlet velocity boundary condition was defined as a uniform inlet wind speed and then as a Normal Wind Profile (NWP). Three large wind speeds of 25 m/s, 40 m/s and 50 m/s were tested with the aid of t [...]

by Yue Qiu  , Yinqian Kang  , Hao Liu  and Ibtesam Hilmi

Received: 12 May 2024;  Published: 30 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2403224

Machine perfusion (MP) techniques, which simulate physiological conditions to allow for the assessment and preservation of organ viability, are currently applied in various solid organ transplantation fields. Owing to the growing demand for liver transplants and the scarcity of available donor livers, MP offers a practical solution for recovering high-risk grafts and increasing the number of potentially usable donor organs. Furthermore, testing and administering novel therapies to allografts may also become advanta [...]

by Fubara Gift Evans  , Ukoima Hudson Nkalo  , Dokuboba Amachree  and Morufu Olalekan Raimi

Received: 12 May 2024;  Published: 05 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2404023

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various bioremediation approaches on microbial diversity in crude oil-contaminated soil over three to six months in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The objective was to assess the impact of different bioremediation strategies on microbial populations, particularly focusing on hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and fungi. Microbial populations were quantified using serial dilution and microbial count techniques. The vapor phase transfer mechanism was employed to estimate hydrocarbon-u [...]

by Mostafa T. Mohammed  , Esmat Al Sharkawy  , Amel M. Kamal Eldin  , Emad Allam  , Manal M. Saber  , Anthony Nassar  , Nour Younis  , Christa Deban  , Ahmad Jaser  , Indira Guleria  , Basset El Essawy  , Anil Chandraker  , Mahmoud Nasr  and Jamil R. Azzi

Received: 15 March 2023;  Published: 06 November 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2304201

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are unique proteins expressed on the surface of human cells, playing a pivotal role in the immune system, particularly in the contexts of infection, cancer, and transplantation. The widespread adoption of HLA typing methods has become an essential component in assessing donor-recipient compatibility, a crucial limiting factor in solid organ transplantation. In general, the greater the disparity between a donor's and recipient's HLA types, the higher the likelihood of provoking an allo [...]

by Linda Li-Dan Zhong  , Yi-Ping Wong  , Bo Peng  , Zhi-Xiu Lin  , Vivian Chi-Woon Wong Taam  , Yi Luo  , Hai-Yong Chen  , Chao-Dong Chao  , Chor-Fung Wong  , Freddie Shung-Chi Tam  , Kui Chan  , Kwan-Yiu Lee  , Lai-Fun Ho  , Alan Yat-Lun Wong  , Chi-Fung Choy  , Bacon Fung-Leung Ng  , Rowena How-Wan Wong  , Yi-Bin Feng  , Ching Liong  , Zhao-Xiang Bian  and COVID-19 CM Research Working Group

Received: 24 May 2021;  Published: 13 July 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2103022

The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 16 months, and there have been over 169 million confirmed cases worldwide. Besides, after treatment with Western medicine or undergoing home quarantine, COVID-19 patients are still severely or mildly functionally impaired. Though COVID-19 patients were discharged from the hospital, most of them still exhibit certain clinical symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and poor sleep. The syndromes, linked with the Chinese Medicine (CM) body constituti [...]

by Dafné Silva  , Laís Nerys  , Carlos Silva  , Elizabeth Borba  , Tonny Leite  , Teresinha Silva  and Amanda Sena

Received: 27 May 2022;  Published: 25 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2203024

Macambira plant (Bromelia laciniosa Mart. Ex Shult. & Schult. f.) is a species belonging to the family Bromeliaceae, which is distributed widely in the hinterlands of northeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Piauí states. The plants of this species contain an enzyme complex named bromelain, which has great potential for therapeutic applications. In the present study, bromelain derived from Bromelia laciniosa leaves was assessed for its thermodynamic properties and in vitro cytotoxic and healing activities. Bro [...]

by Steve Liebich

Received: 02 February 2019;  Published: 04 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1902045

Telomere shortening in the somatic cells is one of the most well-documented factors of cellular ageing. Telomeres are composed of tandem hexanucleotide repeats that protect cells from unwanted recombination mechanisms, secure the ends of chromosomes and their stability, and are responsible for limited division capacity. Telomerase is an enzymatic ribonucleoprotein complex, present in embryonic cells, adult stem cells, and germinal progenitors, whose function is to extend the telomeres length by adding the lost tand [...]

by Kristin Shrader-Frechette

Received: 09 February 2022;  Published: 17 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2203031

Many multinational retail companies are exposed to financial risk related to climate change. Carbon management is important in keeping global temperature increases below 1.5°C to prevent the exacerbated impacts of climate change. Auchan Retail in Auchan Holding provides a good example of carbon management in the retail sector. Auchan Retail's major emissions are the indirect emissions throughout their value chain (scope 3 emissions). The total estimated emission of scopes 1, 2 and 3 are 37,822,573.9 t CO2e. [...]

by Bita Soleimani  , Ali Haghighi Asl  , Behnam Khoshandam  and Khadijeh Hooshyari

Received: 22 June 2024;  Published: 04 November 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2404025

The escalating global temperatures and their adverse effects underscore the growing imperative for the widespread adoption of clean fuels, notably hydrogen. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) emerge as a pivotal green energy technology, facilitating electricity and water generation. The optimization of PEMFC efficiency hinges on the judicious selection and fabrication of polymer membranes. Within innovative materials, Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) represent a novel subclass within the expansive fa [...]

by Katarzyna Grubel  , Ji Su  , Jotheeswari Kothandaraman  , Kriston Brooks  , Gabor A. Somorjai  and Tom Autrey

Received: 01 September 2020;  Published: 23 November 2020;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2004016

In this perspective on hydrogen carriers, we focus on the needs for the development of robust active catalysts for the release of H2 from aqueous formate solutions, which are non-flammable, non-toxic, thermally stable, and readily available at large scales at reasonable cost. Formate salts can be stockpiled in the solid state or dissolved in water for long term storage and transport using existing infrastructure. Furthermore, formate salts are readily regenerated at moderate pressures using the same catalyst as for [...]

by Syuma Ichida  , Daisuke Mori  , Sou Taminato  , Tao Zhang  , Yasuo Takeda  , Osamu Yamamoto  and Nobuyuki Imanishi

Received: 17 February 2022;  Published: 15 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2201009

Acidic aqueous lithium-air batteries are attractive candidates for use as energy sources in electric vehicles because of their high energy and power densities and ability to operate under ambient conditions. An aqueous lithium-air battery with an acetic acid catholyte has a high theoretical energy density of 1,478 Wh kg-1, and the reaction product is soluble in the catholyte. In this study, we have studied the cell performance of a Li/interlayer electrolyte/NASICON-type solid lithium-ion conductor/acetic acid catho [...]

by Aaron R. Dezube  , Ashley L. Deeb  and Michael T. Jaklitsch

Received: 25 June 2021;  Published: 15 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104109

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by antibody mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Up until the last decade, evidence suggesting benefit of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis has been based on non-randomized control studies. Our paper serves as an expert narrative review of new literature pertaining to surgical management of myasthenia gravis based on review of articles from PubMed and Cochrane database from date of inception through June 14, 2021. We used the MeSH search [...]

by Subodh K. Mital  , Steven M. Arnold  , Brett A. Bednarcyk  and Evan J. Pineda

Received: 23 January 2023;  Published: 20 June 2023;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2302025

The behavior and response of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), in particular silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC), is affected by many factors such as variation of fiber volume fraction, residual stresses resulting from processing of the composites at high temperature, random microstructures, and the presence of matrix flaws (e.g., voids, pores, cracks etc.) as well as general material nonlinearity and heterogeneity that occurs randomly in a composite. Residual stresses arising from the [...]

by Anilkumar Mettu  , Ninad Loke  , Vilas Patil  , Rahul Panday  and Sreenivasarao Gajula

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 19 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2203021

In this study, we present selective hydrocracking of poly (di and tri) aromatic compounds to monoaromatics, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), over a mixture of Pt/Al2O3 and Y zeolites. The polyaromatic compounds feed is a combined simulated model feed, which is similar to light cycle oil (LCO) in composition. The feed is processed in a fixed bed reactor over a catalyst mixture: in the first step, selective hydrogenation of di and tri-aromatic compounds occurs in the presence of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, followe [...]

by Pawan Kumar Gautam  and Anoop Kumar Singh

Received: 11 July 2022;  Published: 30 January 2023;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2301014

Tectonic geomorphology has been evidenced as an essential tool to define and measure recent tectonic deformation. The Nandakini River originates from Nanda Ghunti glacier at 6886 m in Lesser Himalaya. It covers about ~551 km2 basin area, with a fourth-order stream. It confluences with the Alaknanda River near Nand Prayag (at elevation 852 m), Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. The drainage pattern is predominantly dendritic in the study area. The morphotectonic indices are measured to know the tectonic activity of th [...]

by June An  and Young Nam Chun

Received: 30 October 2021;  Published: 01 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104031

Renewable energies such as solar or wind energy are highly unreliable, owing to uncertain energy intensity and discontinuity. This shortcoming could be overcome by converting renewable energies to a form such as chemical fuel storage. In the present study, we created an energy conversion system that uses microwave heating and a carbon receptor to transform CO2, a greenhouse gas, into CO chemical fuel. The parametric investigation found that increasing the gasification temperature and feed gas temperature decreased [...]

by Jai Jai Shiva Shankar  , Adil Bata  and Namita Sinha

Received: 07 August 2018;  Published: 25 October 2018;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1804013

(1) Background: Current imaging standard for detecting and assessing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression depends on contrast-enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Isolated foci of diffusion restriction have been observed to precede enhancement in GBM. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of isolated diffusion restriction that precede corresponding enhancement and to investigate the association between isolated diffusion restriction and survival in patients with GBM. (2) Metho [...]

by Gabriele Saretzki

Received: 21 May 2025;  Published: 09 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2503324

Telomeres are repetitive structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. Due to incomplete DNA replication at the end of linear DNA molecules, the so called “end replication problem”, telomeres shorten consecutively during cell division. In addition, telomere sequences are highly susceptible to oxidative stress damaging telomeres and resulting in their dysfunction even in non-dividing cells. Telomere shortening has been identified as one of the underlying causes for replicative senescence that can also contribute to [...]

by Salem Dehom  , Synnove Knutsen  , David Shavlik  , Khaled Bahjri  , Hatem Ali  , Lance Pompe  and Rhonda Spencer-Hwang

Received: 11 August 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1904095

Background: Substantial evidence has established links between air pollution and increased risks of overall morbidity and mortality, especially for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, little research has explored these relationships among highly sensitive populations, such as renal transplant recipients. Despite the improvement in quality of life after renal transplantation, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major causes of graft loss and mortality. The present study was designed to assess the associa [...]