by Adolfo Toledano-Díaz  , Ma Isabel Álvarez  and Adolfo Toledano

Received: 18 December 2019;  Published: 09 May 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002117

Neurons, from the time of their birth until their death, are always accompanied by neuroglial cells, maintaining very close morphological and functional relationships among themselves. Classically three main neuroglial families have been considered within the central nervous system (CNS): astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia. However, using morphological and immuno-cytochemical criteria, several different types/subtypes of neuroglial cells have been identified, each exerting specific physiological and patholog [...]

by Roy G Beran

Received: 30 November 2022;  Published: 13 February 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301223

This paper reviews the relationship between RBD and PD and the pathophysiology. Most RBD patients develop PD within 14 years. PD pathophysiology is α-synucleinopathy with dopamine degeneration in nigrostriatal pathways. RBD pathology is poorly understood. Anomalies suggest RBD and PD are different, evidenced by smoking. RBD and PD are associated with glucocerebrosidase gene mutations (GBA gene), suggesting RDB with GBA gene mutation predicts PD. PET imaging, assessing vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), inde [...]

by Sylvia Kirchengast

Received: 23 June 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904077

Background: All over the world we are confronted with an absolute and relative increase in the proportion of older people. In order to develop strategies to keep older people healthy and independent as long as possible, analyses of factors influencing health related quality of life (HRQL) during old age are necessary. The aim of this review is to present the results of three projects carried out in Austria by the author focusing on the impact of social contact and physical activity on HRQL. Methods: The standardize [...]

by Elisa Martín-Arévalo  , Carole Guedj  , François Cotton  , Gilles Rode  , Karen T. Reilly  , Fadila Hadj-Bouziane  and Laure Pisella

Received: 29 January 2021;  Published: 24 August 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103105

This study integrated functional connectivity measures using resting-state fMRI and behavioral data from a single-case observation of patient (PER) one year after right-hemispheric hemorrhage in the intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule (IPS/SPL). PER showed no sign of clinical neglect. Her behavioral performance in the visuo-manual pointing task and in the letter discrimination task under conditions of endogenous and exogenous attentional cueing was compared between the left (affected) and right (unaff [...]

by Ahmed Alawais  and Roger P West

Received: 15 April 2024;  Published: 09 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2403019

This paper describes a method to use solely recycled and by-product materials as constituents to form concrete that can be used in buildings structural applications. As concrete is one of the most important materials in human civilization, where it is used widely in construction, cement and aggregate the main components of concrete cause an emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide, which is the main cause of global warming. The production of one tonne of cement, for example, causes the emission of about 800 kg o [...]

by Marie K. Norris  and Shibani Kanungo

Received: 29 June 2023;  Published: 10 October 2023;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2304196

The expansion of newborn screening (NBS) encompasses a wide range of inherited metabolic disorders, including disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Effective treatment of these disorders requires comprehensive nutrition and medical management. This review highlights the intricacies of medical nutrition therapy for several common metabolic disorders and underscores the crucial role of metabolic dietitians in managing these patients.

by Jigar Jogia  , Fatma Anwahi  , Shaikha Aburehaima  , Alia Sharif  and Veena Kumari

Received: 09 November 2023;  Published: 28 April 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402220

The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress range between 5% to 70% globally. Many students experience these mental health conditions as they go through transitional periods in life, such as starting higher education. This study aimed to explore mental health concerns, specifically depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of sleep, in Emirati female university students, a topic that has been understudied in the Middle East. We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh [...]

by Valérie Morin-Alain  , Eddy Larouche  , Anne-Marie Chouinard  , Marie-Claude Audet  , Sonia Goulet  , Louis-Simon Rousseau  and Carol Hudon

Received: 23 November 2019;  Published: 17 April 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2002022

Peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dysregulations in circulating levels of different inflammatory mediators are detectable as early as the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage towards AD. Depressive symptoms, another risk factor of AD, are often found in individuals with MCI and associated with heightened levels of peripheral inflammatory mediators. Diminution in depressive symptoms and alterations of peripheral inflammation profiles have been obs [...]

by Ken Shimomukai  , Haruka Maeda  , Zahirah binti Muhammad Azman  , Sandro Sitompul  and Goro Fujita

Received: 09 March 2023;  Published: 03 August 2023;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2303026

One way to increase solar photovoltaic penetration in the grid is the management of voltage fluctuations. This is because a photovoltaic plant cannot be interconnected to the grid if it causes voltage violations. Voltage violation is where voltage exceeds the acceptable range. Often, grid operators request photovoltaic plant owners to regulate voltage sufficiently with expensive and space-consuming static Var compensators. Unfortunately, this sometimes makes the project less feasible. This paper argues that there a [...]

by Elizabeth F. Wallin  , Michelle A. Linterman  and Kathryn J. Wood

Received: 02 June 2019;  Published: 19 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1903079

Background: T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory (Tfr) cells are key players in the formation of long-lived antibody responses. Their circulating counterparts, cTfh and cTfr, are often used as biomarkers because longitudinal sampling of secondary lymphoid tissues is unfeasible in clinical studies. This is the first study to track cTfh and cTfr cells following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, to infer the influence of this treatment on the germinal centre respo [...]