by Ahmed Alawais  and Roger P West

Received: 15 April 2024;  Published: 09 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2403019

This paper describes a method to use solely recycled and by-product materials as constituents to form concrete that can be used in buildings structural applications. As concrete is one of the most important materials in human civilization, where it is used widely in construction, cement and aggregate the main components of concrete cause an emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide, which is the main cause of global warming. The production of one tonne of cement, for example, causes the emission of about 800 kg o [...]

by Jyoti Bhattacharjee  and Subhasis Roy

Received: 17 February 2024;  Published: 09 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2403011

The evolution of nanomaterials has been critical in modifying materials at the nanoscale for specialized uses. Carbon nanotubes were initially viewed as promising for electronics, but their inability to discriminate between semiconducting and metallic phases led to the creation of quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) materials. Molybdenum nanoparticles are utilized as alloy additions in corrosive and high-vacuum environments. Their characteristics differ significantly from those of their bulk counterparts. This review anal [...]

by Rajesh Karki  and Binamra Adhikari

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403015

The integration of cyber and physical layer of the grid has not only introduced a microscopic spectacle to observe and ensure the efficient flow of electricity but has also exposed the interdependencies of the network. These cyber-physical interdependencies are often exploited in the form of cyber-attacks that can disable a grid introducing substantial financial losses and observable social repercussions. Thus, it is important to address the impending Achilles heel by devising pragmatic approaches to comprehensibly [...]

by Roberto Anaya-Fernández  , Roberto Anaya-Prado  , Michelle M. Anaya-Fernández  , Miguel A. Guerrero-Palomera  , Ivan F. Garcia-Ramirez  , Daniel Gonzalez-Martinez  , Consuelo C. Azcona-Ramirez  , Citlalli S. Guerrero-Palomera  , Claudia Garcia-Perez  , Bernardo Tenorio-Gonzalez  , Jose E. Tenorio-Gonzalez  , Laisha F. Vargas-Ascencio  , Abraham I. Canseco-Villegas  , Gustavo Servin-Romero  , Allen R. Barragan-Arias  and Bruno Reyna-Rodriguez

Received: 02 May 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403239

Oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) involves reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Despite efficient antioxidant pathways in the brain, hypoxia triggers the production of oxygen free radicals and downregulates ATP, which leads to oxidative stress. Sources of free radicals during CIRI include Ca2+-dependent enzymes, phospholipid degradation and mitochondrial enlargement. Upon reperfusion, the abrupt increase of oxygen triggers a massive radical production via enzymes like xa [...]

by Nadia El Kadmiri

Received: 16 August 2023;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403238

The use of immunotherapy as a therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is gaining rapid interest, with the primary goal of targeting abnormalities that impact neuronal viability through specific antibodies. Currently, clinical strategies focus intensively on targeting the two main pathologies associated with AD, beta-amyloid (Ab) and tau. This review examines ongoing research in the realm of tau immunotherapy, including clinical trials that demonstrate promising potential for halting AD progression. Several [...]

by Mario Muselli  , Loreta Tobia  , Eleonora Cimino  , Carlo Confalone  , Martina Mancinelli  , Leila Fabiani  , Stefano Necozione  and Vincenza Cofini

Received: 30 March 2024;  Published: 06 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403237

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges globally, impacting various aspects of daily life, including education. This study examines the effects of the pandemic on stress levels and substance use among Italian medical students. Two independent surveys were conducted: 388 medical students were interviewed before the epidemic, and 222 medical students a year after the COVID-19 epidemic began. Results revealed significant changes in stress levels, with a reduction in mild stress and an increase in sev [...]

by Michael Takacs  , Michael Frass  , Anja Pohl-Schickinger  , Philippa Fibert  , Peter Lechleitner  , Menachem Oberbaum  , Ilse Leisser  , Peter Panhofer  , Kavita Chandak  and Petra Weiermayer

Received: 04 May 2024;  Published: 06 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2403045

In some patients, coronavirus (COVID-19) can cause symptoms that last weeks or even months after the infection has gone. Long COVID-19 was defined as a confirmed initial COVID-19 infection, the presence of signs and symptoms more than four weeks after initial infection, and the persistence or appearance of signs and symptoms that another condition cannot explain and did not exist before infection. This study aimed to describe the effect of adjunctive individualized homeopathic treatment delivered to Long COVID-19 p [...]

by Danilo Donati  , Giacomo Farì  , Federica Giorgi  , Riccardo Marvulli  , Francesco Quarta  , Andrea Bernetti  and Roberto Tedeschi

Received: 29 May 2024;  Published: 06 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403236

This review examines the efficacy of motor imagery (MI) as a supplementary rehabilitation technique for stroke patients. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed, highlighting MI's potential to enhance motor recovery, mobility, balance, and psychological well-being. Significant improvements in upper-limb function were observed with combined mental and physical practice, evidenced by notable gains in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores. MI-based exercise programs impr [...]

by Vikas Dhikav  , Prerna Bhati  , Pankaj Kumar  and Praveen Kumar Anand

Received: 18 June 2023;  Published: 05 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403284

This scoping review aims to review the effectiveness of yoga as a complementary intervention for improving mental health outcomes in the geriatric population globally. Yoga is practiced by millions worldwide. Since practitioners of yoga claim to have calmer minds and better psychological and physical health, this topic needs to be reviewed at length. There is a considerable treatment gap worldwide in treating mental disorders, especially in old age, and there is a shortage of low-cost, feasible, and acceptable prev [...]

by Sanjay Dutta  , Jeanette E. Villanueva  , Yashutosh Joshi  , Ling Gao  , Paul Jansz  and Peter S. Macdonald

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 05 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2403222

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. With an increasing population and improving medical therapy there is an increasing number of patients who would benefit from heart transplantation but are unable to receive one due to a shortage of suitable donor organs. This ongoing need, and significant limitations with traditional cold static storage (CSS), have driven the development of machine perfusion technology that have expanded the donor pool. Machine perfusion is divid [...]

by Elena V. Kudryavtseva  , Sergey N. Fedenev  , Ilia V. Kanivets  , Anastasiya N. Troitskaya  and Vladislav V. Kovalev

Received: 30 April 2024;  Published: 05 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2403255

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), are modern medical technologies widely used in developed countries. A frequent complication of pregnancy resulting from ART is miscarriage. The leading cause of miscarriage, both sporadic and recurrent, is chromosomal abnormalities (CA) of the embryo. To compare the frequency and structure of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) of the embryo during miscarriages after IVF and natural conception. Retrospective cohort comparative study. The s [...]

by Catarina F. Martins  , Jorge Soares  and Maria Paula Mota

Received: 20 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403235

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that impacts an individual's physical, cognitive, and social well-being, ultimately resulting in a decline in independence and functionality. This case report explores how a program combining multimodal physical exercise and psychomotor rehabilitation can improve outcomes in interventions for Alzheimer's disease patients. This approach can enhance treatment effectiveness and provide researchers and practitioners with additional therapeutic options. The participan [...]

by Michel Boukar  , Etienne Tchoffo Houdji  , Dimitri Valdes Tchuindjang Kwatchie  , Guy Bertrand Tchaya  and Danwe Raidandi

Received: 25 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2403014

Many sensible heat storage materials are regularly used as thermal energy storage (TES) systems to improve the efficiency of solar dryers. The present work focuses on the effects of the volume and particle sizes of a volcanic stone (pozzolan) for the same purpose. Samples soaked in matt black and without soaking were also considered. Heat charge and discharge tests were carried out by exposing the pozzolan contained in a solar collector of the direct solar dryer (DSD) and indirect solar dryer (ISD) to the sun. Char [...]

by Renata Lemonica  , Isabela Almeida Cunha  , Jéssica Layane Costa Melo  , Sandra Regina Caram  , José Eduardo Fuser Bittar  and Karina Pavao Patricio

Received: 23 March 2024;  Published: 31 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2403044

Homeopathy has shown promise in fighting epidemics, leading to potential applications in the COVID-19 clinical cases. To assess the impact of add-on individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMP) on improving clinical outcomes and time to medical discharge in COVID-19 patients, a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group exploratory clinical trial was conducted in a São Paulo state municipality, Brazil, between February and July 2021. 82 (unvaccinated) patients with conf [...]

by Elsa Abreu  , Catarina Simões  and Rita Figueiredo

Received: 02 March 2024;  Published: 31 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2403283

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Skin changes can result from natural ageing, as well as from acute or chronic diseases and failure of body systems. Various types of wounds are identified in Palliative Care, and terminal pressure ulcers are often incorrectly classified. This case study highlights the importance of recognizing skin ulcers in patients’ last hours and days of life as a diagnostic indicator for impending death. The first focus of nursing care was pain management and maintaining skin integri [...]

by Bolanle Adenike Akinsanola  , Matthew Iyobhebhe  , Tobiloba Christianah Maduakolam-Aniobi  , Tomilola Debby Olaolu  , Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi  and Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo

Received: 17 February 2024;  Published: 30 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2403254

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that modifies the body’s glucose metabolism. Although glucose is a vital energy source for body cells, individuals with diabetes can either not use insulin efficiently or do not create enough of this hormone, which controls blood sugar. This review aimed to explore the multi-target treatment for diabetes. This study investigates explicitly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google [...]

by Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed  and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 17 May 2024;  Published: 30 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403234

The COVID-19 pandemic brought different intolerable and uncomfortable situations that ruined the students' academic performance, career opportunities, and social lives through depression, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental illness. In this study, we examined the psychological threats of the COVID-19 among Egypt’s public-sector university students. We employed quantitative methods in this study and used a questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results show that Fear [...]

by Alexander Tournier  , Yvonne Fok  , Robbert van Haselen  and Aaron To

Received: 29 February 2024;  Published: 29 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2403043

Little systematic research has been conducted into the symptomatic expression of COVID-19 infections in patients. It is known that symptomatic expression varies between patients, but the nature and extent of this variability is poorly understood. This paper elaborates on the symptoms reported by Chinese patients infected with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave, and compares this with available data from other countries. This was an observational clinical case registry study of Chinese patients with suspected Omicron [...]

by Kristin Drexler  and Ed Boles

Received: 02 March 2024;  Published: 25 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2403017

Watershed health and integrity are essential to human and ecosystem health and well-being. New River watershed communities in northern Belize, Central America are vulnerable to annual ‘cultural eutrophication’ - natural eutrophication exacerbated by human activity. Human-caused pollution from agriculture, septic effluent, and industrial drainage, in combination with extended drought and the slow flow of New River, has caused more frequent and prolonged periods of eutrophication. In this qualitative study, 42 New Ri [...]

by Malin Vestin Fredriksson  , Love Kull  , Anton Rönnblom  , Lennart Flygare  , Diana Berggren  and Krister Tano

Received: 26 March 2024;  Published: 25 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2403018

To develop a modular anthropomorphic phantom to evaluate the performance of radiological techniques for detecting pathologies in the temporal bone region. A phantom was constructed using a human skull, temporal bone specimen, and 3D-printed contour of a human skull. The human skull was embedded in tissue-equivalent plastic, with a cavity to hold the plastic jars containing the exchangeable freshly frozen human temporal bones. Subsequently, stepwise introduction and examination of different clinicopathological scena [...]

by Yassamine Bentata

Received: 24 January 2024;  Published: 25 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2403221

Completely unknown before the 90s and exceptional up to the 2000s, BK virus nephropathy (BKvN), usually known as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, has emerged as a significant and severe viral complication in kidney transplantation (KT). More than twenty years after Gardner's discovery of BKv in 1971, Purighalla described, in 1995, the first case of BKvN. Four years later in 1999, Nickeleit et al. published a first series of five cases of BKvN and made very precious and pertinent contributions to understanding t [...]

by Vivian Huang  and Alexandra J. Fiocco

Received: 02 April 2024;  Published: 23 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2403042

This survey-based, cross-sectional study explored the independent and synergistic effect of filial piety discrepancy (FPD), acculturation, and living arrangement on the psychological, social, and physical wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants living in Canada. A total of 299 older Chinese immigrants were recruited from community organizations in the Greater Toronto Area. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed demographic information, filial piety, living arrangement, acculturation, and three domains of [...]

by Mathivathani Kandiah  , Dharsha Bhaskaran  and Ominda Perera

Received: 29 April 2024;  Published: 22 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2403010

Nanotechnology is a fast-rising market in catalytic research; however, the production of eco-friendly nanoparticles remains a significant challenge. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the agro-industrial waste of leaves of C. longa, C. aromatica, C. caesia, C. zedoaria, and C. amada at RT after 24 h, which was confirmed with UV-spectrophotometric evaluation between 320-520 nm. SEM revealed cubic and 30-50 nm AgNPs, while band-gap energy was presented as semi-conductors. Synthesized Ag [...]

by Khatib Zada Farhan  , Ayman Sabry Shihata  and Adams Balade Abubakar

Received: 27 March 2024;  Published: 22 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2403017

Over the past decade, developing geopolymer mixes to replace ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) composites has yielded positive results, leading to extensive research. The incorporation of fibers in geopolymers, besides impacting the mechanical properties, has also significantly impacted durability, mainly when dealing with the most pernicious forms of deterioration resulting from chloride attack, water penetration, sulfate attack, acid attack, as well as freeze-thaw, which occurred through chemical transgression. This [...]

by Mohadeseh Rajabpour  , Alireza Ala  , Eliyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi  , Hasan Amiri  , Sara Rostamnezhad  and Samad Shams Vahdati

Received: 07 March 2024;  Published: 19 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403233

Hyperlipidemia is one of the critical risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. Many studies have emphasized that controlling the lipid level can decrease the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In this article, we studied all types of lipids in stroke patients and wanted to consider any relation between lipid level in admission and outcome. This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Reza Research and Training Hospital. It was performed on a sample of 2165 patients who visited th [...]