by Remedios Martinez-Guijarro  , Maria Pachés  , Inmaculada Romero  and Daniel Aguado

Received: 08 October 2021;  Published: 15 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104033

Heavy metal(loid)s are a group of elements present commonly in the environment, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, and As elements, among others. While these elements could have their origins in natural sources, anthropogenic activities, such as mining, agriculture, industry, etc., are also responsible for enhancing the concentration of these elements in the ecosystems up to undesirable levels. A few of these metal(loid)s serve as necessary micronutrients for life, while the others are extremely harmful and migh [...]

by Joshua A Vova

Received: 21 February 2022;  Published: 20 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2202120

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of childhood disability. CP occurs in 1 out of every 345 children in the United States. CP is primarily a motor disease that is the result of an insult to the brain that occurs during the prenatal or early postnatal period when the brain is still developing. CP is not a single disease but a physical description of motor impairments that originate from multiple etiologies. This article briefly discusses the etiologies, classification and management of the neurologic med [...]

by Garuth Chalfont  , Jane Simpson  , Sarah Davies  , David Morris  , Ruth Wilde  , Leigh Willoughby  and Christine Milligan

Received: 08 April 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903066

The dominant narrative around dementia argues that progression cannot be halted or reversed. However, evidence on multimodal non-pharmacological treatments formulated around a ‘personalised medicine’ approach challenges this view. This paper reviews the current evidence for dementia prevention utilising such treatments and explains the logic of applying personalised medicine. The functional medicine treatment approach to ‘root cause’ analysis is presented as currently practiced with patients experiencing cognitive [...]

by Richard B. Kreider

Received: 01 April 2021;  Published: 03 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.2104041

Obesity has historically been thought to simply be related to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Weight loss recommendations have traditionally focused on reducing energy intake, maintaining either a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet or vice versa, and increasing physical activity typically through low to moderate intensity exercise. More recently, genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors have also been found to play a significant role in the etiology of obesity. For this reason, the prevention [...]

by Babak Jahani  , Xinnan Wang  and Amanda Brooks

Received: 26 June 2020;  Published: 08 September 2020;  doi: 10.21926/rpm.2003021

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a modern and more effective treatment for bone defects has recently received lots of attention. One of the pivotal parts of BTE is the “scaffold”, which functions as an indwelling carrier of cells and additives, as well as, providing a foundation for cell growth and eventually forming new, native-like bone. Up to now, many methods and materials have been employed to manufacture bone scaffolds. This review focuses on providing both basic knowledge of BTE as well as possible methods o [...]

by Maurizio Arena  and Claudia Aprea

Received: 16 December 2020;  Published: 22 February 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2101002

The current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to multiple changes in the international market as well as in the lifestyle of people worldwide. The transport sector has undoubtedly been one of the most affected sectors due to restrictions imposed by the governments across the world to protect the health of their citizens, particularly the restrictions imposed on the operation of airlines. On the other hand, the reduction in travel by means of transport has contributed in part to the improvement in the envir [...]

by Kenneth Ugoeze  , Christian Alalor  , Chidozie Ibezim  , Bruno Chinko  , Peter Owonaro  , Clement Anie  , Ngozi Okoronkwo  , Amaka Mgbahurike  , Chijioke Ofomata  , Deghinmotei Alfred-Ugbenbo  and Geraldine Ndukwu

Received: 22 September 2023;  Published: 22 January 2024;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2401005

The discovery of antibiotics and their use in the last century substantially shifted the management of an array of infections. However, its unprecedented irrational usage and inept disposal of their waste exposed the ecosystems to unquantifiable antibiotic deposits, triggering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with its immeasurable critical risk to public health. By adopting a narrative review method and accessing the available literature, the authors described what constitutes antibiotic waste, their [...]

by Nikolai A. Zarkevich

Received: 30 September 2019;  Published: 06 January 2020;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2001001

Most power plants produce electricity by converting a mechanical motion into alternating current (AC). Photovoltaic solar panels convert an electromagnetic flux of light into direct current (DC). In general, electric energy can be harvested from a flux in the environment or from a change of the environment itself. One can produce electricity from mechanical, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic (light), or another physical flux, or from a change of temperature, chemical composition, or a physical field: gravitationa [...]

by Peta Stapleton  , Trude Roos  , Glenn Mackintosh  , Emma Sparenburg  , Debbie Sabot  and Brett Carter

Received: 14 October 2019;  Published: 17 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.icm.1904065

Background: The combination of dietary restraint and physical exercise as a recommended treatment for weight loss has had limited long-term success. One factor proposed as limiting weight management techniques efficacy is the failure to target psychological processes linked with overeating. Consistent with prior research that has identified the efficacy of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) in reducing food cravings and aiding weight loss, this pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) examined the impact of online d [...]

by Wisut Chamsa-ard  , Derek Fawcett  , Chun Che Fung  and Gerrard Poinern

Received: 28 September 2020;  Published: 29 December 2020;  doi: 10.21926/jept.2004018

The demand for high-quality freshwater is increasing due to global population growth, intensifying agricultural practices and expanding industrial development. Additionally, many global regions have low levels of rainfall which makes them arid and incapable of supporting large human populations or agriculture. Currently, large quantities of fossil fuels are used to generate the power needed to drive energy intensive desalination processes that deliver high-quality freshwater to many of these regions. However, the u [...]