by Adeeb Zaid  , Husam Al-Ziyadi  , Jacob Wekalao  and Prasenjit Maity

Received: 08 July 2026;  Published: 11 September 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2603011

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using semiconductor materials has been widely investigated for wastewater treatment. Yet, high activity reported under controlled laboratory conditions does not necessarily translate into practical treatment performance. This review evaluates the hypothesis that rare-earth (RE) doping can improve metal-oxide photocatalysis and examines whether the reported improvements are supported by adequate mechanistic evidence and relevant practical validation. A structured literature [...]

by Geise Camila Ribeiro  , Pedro Fernandes  , Floriatan Santos Costa  and Sandra Aparecida de Assis

Received: 14 December 2025;  Published: 21 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2603010

The rising demand for enzymes with improved properties has driven continuous developments in enzyme technology, including enzymatic formulation. Enzyme formulation primarily aims to minimize losses in enzymatic activity during transport, storage and use. One strategy to mitigate enzyme inactivation is to include stabilizing agents or metal ions that preserve enzyme structure and activity. Thus, in this work, we evaluated stabilization strategies for β-glucosidase produced by the yeasts Rhodotorula oryzicola and Sac [...]

by Maksut Samedinov  , Gulsin Arslan  and Idris Sargin

Received: 12 January 2026;  Published: 04 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2603009

Peroxymonosulfate decomposition is crucial for environmental remediation, especially in degrading organic pollutants. Peroxymonosulfate can be oxidized by transition metals, generating hydroxyl and sulfate radicals that degrade pollutants. In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst (Fe3O4@N-MWCNT, a composite of Fe3O4 with nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes) was prepared, characterized (FT-IR, TEM, XRD, DSC), and used as a peroxymonosulfate activator for the degradation of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange dy [...]

by Thiago Soares Penha  , Romulo Davi Albuquerque Andrade  and Paulo Anselmo Ziani Suarez

Received: 24 April 2026;  Published: 08 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2603008

Chewing gum, typically discarded indiscriminately, is a significant source of urban solid waste with waste that persist for long period. When in contact with notoriously recyclable materials, it can hinder their recycling processes due to its high post-consumer adhesion, leaving only the non-soluble phase. This gum base is commonly composed of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). In this context, considering what is done for the recycling of other polymers, the pyrolysis of discarded chewing gum was conducted through a series [...]

by Felix Sunday Nworie  , Chiamaka Mbam  , Ogonna Ogwa  , Clinton Oroke  , Nkechi Eze  , Chioma Ike-Elechi  and Collins Chidiebere Igwe

Received: 05 April 2026;  Published: 01 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2603007

In this study, iron(III) oxide-Chromolaena odorata leaf biochar nanocomposite (Fe2O3-COLBN) and silver oxide-Chromolaena odorata leaf biochar nanocomposite (Ag2O-COLBN) were prepared and used for the treatment of well water for household use. The fabricated nanocomposites and the pyrolyzed Chromolena odorata leaf biochar were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosc [...]

by Abdul Rahman Y. Wahoud  , Salim F. Bamsaoud  , Mohammed F. Bamatraf  and Qamar Al Zammar

Received: 15 January 2026;  Published: 16 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2602006

Preparation and characterization of an iron-tin bimetallic nanocatalyst supported on activated carbon (AC) prepared from papaya seeds, which was previously available in the surrounding environment, were performed. Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry were used. Many properties were characterized, and the resulting activated carbon could serve as an inexpensive catalytic support with a high surface area and a large micropor [...]

by Bianca Gonçalves Rodrigues  , Elaine Alves de Faria Braga  , Marccus Victor Almeida Martins  and Jocélia Pereira de Carvalho Oliveira

Received: 14 February 2026;  Published: 07 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2602005

This study reports the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) supported on silica (SiO2), obtained from the chemical and thermal treatment of coconut mesocarp. The spectroscopic and morphological properties of this nanocomposite composed of magnetite and silica (Np-Fe3O4/SiO2) were investigated using Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet and Visible (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XDR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The synthesized materia [...]

by Mathivathani Kandiah  , Nasmah Nisthar  , Beneli Gunaratne  and Ominda Perera

Received: 30 October 2025;  Published: 12 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2601004

The advancement of photocatalytic nanomaterials has become central to addressing the growing challenge of removing organic pollutants from water systems through sustainable and efficient degradation pathways. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized via a green approach using aqueous extracts derived from five parts of Flacourtia indica, including bark, flower, fruit, seed, and leaves, at 90°C for 45 minutes. UV–VIS spectroscopy (460 nm) confirmed nanoparticle formation, while scanning electron microsco [...]

by Svetlana I. Kulakovskaya  , Tatyana S. Zyubina  , Alexander S. Zyubin  , Alexander V. Kulikov  and Yuriy A. Dobrovolskiy

Received: 07 August 2025;  Published: 26 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2601003

Electrocatalytic oxidation of organic compound in the absence of noble metals or their oxides as catalysts and using metal-free electrodes is a "green" electrochemical, inexpensive and attractive process for practical use in electrocatalysis, power sources and sensors. The process accompanied by the elimination of protons, is of interest both for obtaining valuable organic compounds at the anode and for the release of hydrogen evolution at the cathode. In this work, the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexanol in the pr [...]

by Orlando N. Guiñazú  , Edgar M. Sánchez Faba  , Griselda A. Eimer  , Laura E. Moyano  and Horacio Falcón

Received: 15 October 2025;  Published: 12 January 2026;  doi: 10.21926/cr.2601002

Pyrolysis is a promising technology for converting biomass waste into bio-oil, a liquid product that can serve as feedstock for fuels and high-value chemicals. In this study, bio-oil was produced via catalytic pyrolysis of pear pulp waste, a byproduct from juice and jam manufacturing, using a fixed-bed reactor. Initial non-catalytic experiments were conducted under nitrogen and vacuum atmospheres at temperatures ranging from 300 to 450°C for 15 minutes to evaluate the effect of temperature on bio-oil yield. The res [...]