by Phillip Aouad  , Nerissa Soh  and Kristin Stedal

Received: 05 May 2020;  Published: 18 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003070

Consensus for where along the eating disorder spectrum the pathological eating behaviour of Chew and Spit (CHSP) falls has been a point of contention in academic literature. Using the case of Mary1, a 30 year old female from Australia who has engaged in excessive restrictive behaviour, was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) and has been engaging in Chew and Spit (CHSP) behaviour for over 10 years, the current paper examines the similarities from a neurobiological perspective between restrictive behaviours (akin w [...]

by Amanda Baker

Received: 04 May 2020;  Published: 07 August 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003069

Psychiatry is seeking interventions that could reliably sustain weight gain and psychosomatic recovery of patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). Currently, patients with AN, even after receiving individually-tailored therapeutic interventions, often relapse following marginal weight restoration. Also, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotropic medications in relieving and treating AN symptomology is limited. The research in the field is aiming to mitigate shortcomings associated with common pract [...]

by Eric A. Armour  , Angela M. Curcio  and Robert H. Fryer

Received: 04 February 2020;  Published: 28 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003068

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of death and disability in the newborn period. Experimental models have demonstrated that brain injury in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in two phases: primary energy failure and secondary energy failure. In primary energy failure, there is a cessation of oxidative metabolism and irreversible neuronal injury, followed by secondary energy failure due to glutamate release, elevation of intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species formation, apoptotic cell dea [...]

by Cristóbal Coronel-Rodríguez  and Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez

Received: 10 May 2020;  Published: 24 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003067

This paper presents the case of a child diagnosed with both celiac disease and Asperger’s syndrome. The literature does not report this association to date, and the authors believe it to be a coincidence rather than a casualty.

by Cristóbal Coronel-Rodríguez  and Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez

Received: 07 May 2020;  Published: 17 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003066

Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) represent a spectrum of diverse clinical manifestations triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The most common and widely recognized diseases within this spectrum are celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. The clinical manifestations are intestinal, but extraintestinal manifestations may also appear, such as neurological or psychiatric. This work will specifically review the neurological or psychiatric manifestations that are more freq [...]

by Jamie Zhen  and M. Ines Pinto-Sanchez

Received: 17 May 2020;  Published: 10 July 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003065

Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion and affects nearly 1% of the population worldwide. CeD has typically been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain; however, its extra-intestinal manifestations are becoming widely recognized. In particular, CeD patients may present with various neurological manifestations and oftentimes, without evidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. The pathophysiology behind these manifestations is not well k [...]

by Ian W. Stone  , Ashim Gupta  , Hugo C. Rodriguez  , R. Justin Mistovich  , Manu Gupta  , Anish G. Potty  and Jorge R. Serrato

Received: 03 May 2020;  Published: 24 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2002064

Obesity is on the rise around the world, carrying along with it a wide range of comorbidities and complications. We report on a super-super morbidly obese 43-year-old female, with a body mass index (BMI) of 77.85 kg/m2 (173cm, 233kg), who presented for a scheduled suboccipital craniectomy with C-1 laminectomy secondary to symptoms from an Arnold-Chiari type-I malformation. Already a challenging type of surgery, due to the patient’s extreme BMI and positioning, the surgery became more difficult. There are many [...]

by Debora Di Jorio

Received: 14 April 2020;  Published: 22 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2002063

The story of each individual is essentially the story of their learning processes and relationships from the moment they were born. Indeed, the story of learning processes is merely a constant stratification of experiences based on biological and neurofunctional features that are influenced by genetic and cultural factors and subject to environmental stimuli constantly reshaping their behaviour.Neuroscientific studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted a unique feature of the human nervous system, cal [...]

by Clarissa E.H. Fang  , Li Guo  , Daniel Hill  , Timothy E. Yap  and M. Francesca Cordeiro

Received: 16 April 2020;  Published: 15 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2002062

Neuroprotection in glaucoma is any medical treatment by which decline in visual function can be slowed or prevented by supporting the health and survival of neural cells, independent of lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). This is achieved by targeting mechanisms to inhibit or delay retinal ganglion cell death and promote cell survival pathways. Despite demonstrating promising results in preclinical trials, many neuroprotective strategies have failed to show success in subsequent clinical trials. Of the clinical [...]

by Tania Re  and Giuseppe Vitiello

Received: 30 April 2020;  Published: 11 June 2020;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2002061

The present report discusses brain visual experiences in conditions of low degree of openness of the brain toward the environment, for example, while dreaming, during meditation, or in non-ordinary brain activity states such as under the effects of psychoactive substances, in the state of coma, or in other states of reduced sensory perception, among others. In the present report, for brevity, such states are referred to as brain-mind visual experiences, implying that such a visual activity is not one connected to t [...]