Open Access Review

Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: Immunopathogenesis, Innate–Adaptive Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Advances

Received: 17 April 2025;  Published: 10 September 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.transplant.2503258

Abstract

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains a major barrier to long-term graft survival in kidney transplantation. Defined by the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and characteristic histological changes, such as C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries, ABMR can present acutely, chronically, or subclinically, often manifesting [...]