by Jozélio Freire de Carvalho  and Rosangela Passos de Jesus

Received: 28 January 2026;  Published: 16 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602009

Plant-based diets have attracted increasing interest in the context of rheumatic diseases due to their potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. However, there is an important conceptual distinction between a vegan diet, which completely excludes animal-derived products, and a plant-based diet, which prioritizes plant foods but may include small amounts of animal-derived foods. This differentiation is essential to understand the variability in clinical outcomes repo [...]

by Ashok Chakraborty  and Smita Guha

Received: 19 January 2026;  Published: 12 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602008

Neuro degenerative diseases involve protein aggregation that causes neural cell death or loss of neural communication that affects body balance, movement, talking, breathing, and heart function. Aggregation of proteins, like α-synuclein, are found in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while tau, amyloid-β42 and TDP-43, are aggregated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); dementia with [...]

by Diwakar Singh  and Anita Singh

Received: 06 February 2026;  Published: 09 June 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602007

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, lipid-bilayer carriers that mediate intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing physiological and pathological processes. This review integrates current knowledge on milk-derived and human extracellular vesicles, highlighting their multifunctional roles in therapy, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. Milk-derived EVs (MEVs), small EVs (sEVs), and human milk EVs (hMEVs) demonstrate unique stab [...]

by Raquel Ricci  , Luana Romão Nogueira  , Priscila Maximino  , William Cabral de Miranda  , Karina Rizzardo Sella  , Nathalia Gioia de Paula  and Mauro Fisberg

Received: 18 December 2025;  Published: 29 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602006

This study descriptively investigates the food acceptance patterns and dietary profiles of neurotypical infants, children, and adolescents with Feeding Difficulties (FD) at a Brazilian pediatric reference center. It further examines whether a broader food repertoire translates into improved nutritional quality. The research, an observational, analytical cross-sectional study, analyzed data from 237 patients aged 10 to 204 months with FD. Findings revealed a discrepancy between family perceptions [...]

by Alessandro Menotti  and Paolo Emilio Puddu

Received: 12 December 2025;  Published: 26 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602005

To study the relationship of dietary score versus age at death (AD) in an extinct cohort at 61 years of follow-up, based on an “inverse” procedure. Data from the Italian Rural Areas (IRA) of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases, made up of 1712 middle-aged men followed for 61 years, were used. The “direct” approach means applying a dietary score to each subject of a cohort and, by means of a model, estimating the probabilities of events for different dietary score levels. The “in [...]

by Bashiri Iddy Muzzo  and Frederick D. Provenza

Received: 10 December 2025;  Published: 03 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2602004

Food-system by-products (FSBP), including agricultural by-products, agro-industrial co-products, and food-processing residues, represent an underused source of nutrients and plant secondary compounds with significant potential in ruminant feeding systems. This review synthesized 96 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 on phytochemically rich FSBP in ruminant diets, focusing on composition, rumen fermentation, animal health and performance, product quality, and environmental outc [...]