Ischemic Brain Injury and Regulatory T Cells
Abstract
Volume 3,Issue 1
Ischemic Brain Injury and Regulatory T CellsAbstract Inflammation and immune responses after stroke including ischemic cerebral infarction play pivotal roles in the pathology, resolution of inflammation, and neurological recovery. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are the cells responsible for immune tolerance, usually activated by secondary lymphatic tissues, which subsequently regulate effector T cell activation and dendritic cell activation. Recently, Tregs that are present in tissues, called tissue Tregs, have been shown to exhibit tissue-specific fun [...] |
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Translation of Genomic Knowledge to Clinical PracticeAbstract Pediatric brain tumors account for approximately 25% of all cancers in children and are currently the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the pediatric population with an estimated incidence of 5.14 cases per 100,000 persons [1]. Up to 10-15% of all pediatric brain tumors arise in the brainstem, with the majority of these classified as the diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) subtype [2]. The outcome of children with DIPG remains dismal with a median survival of <1 year. Owing to th [...] |
Sporadic and Hereditary Hemangioblastoma: The Role of Endothelial Cellsby
Alberto Feletti
,
Elena Bianchini
,
Anna De Gaetano
,
Lara Gibellini
,
Sara De Biasi
,
Giacomo Pavesi
,
Anna Vittoria Mattioli
,
Milena Nasi
,
Andrea Cossarizza
and
Marcello Pinti
Abstract Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are benign, highly vascularized tumors of the central nervous system. About 75% of HBs are sporadic, while 25% are associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. HBs consist of two main components, a rich capillary network composed of vascular endothelia and pericytes, within large vacuolated stromal cells, which harbor the genetic defect. The mechanisms through which VHL gene product (pVHL) causes HB is not completely clear. Wild type pVHL is involved in the response t [...] |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approaches for Predicting the Response to Hyperoxic Radiotherapy in Glioma-Bearing RatsAbstract Background: Despite the advances in multimodal therapeutic options, glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive of all astrocytomas, remains with a median survival of 15 months. It is reported a direct correlation between GBM hypoxia and a higher aggressiveness, poor prognosis and greater resistance to different treatments. Because of the intratumoral and interindividual heterogeneity, it is not possible to predict the hypoxia degree considering physiopathological parameters or conventi [...] |
Correlation of CT and MR Perfusion and Permeability Parameters for Intracranial TumorsAbstract Background and Purpose: Perfusion imaging, mainly MR perfusion (MRP), is performed frequently for brain tumor imaging. CT perfusion (CTP) is less studied as a method for characterizing brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of CTP perfusion parameters in evaluating brain tumors and to compare it with MRP measures in the same patient population.
Methods: Patients underwent CTP and MRP imaging prospectively. Images were processed with vendor-provided and vendor-n [...] |
Cerebellopontine Angle Glioblastoma with Concurrent Spinal Cord Involvement: A Case Report and Review of LiteratureAbstract Objective: To report a unique case of cerebellopontine angle glioblastoma with concurrent spinal cord involvement.
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS), comprising 46.6% of all CNS malignancies. By anatomic location, cerebellopontine angle (CPA) GBMs are exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, the following case represents the tenth reported case of CPA GBM and the first with a corresponding spinal cord tumor on presentation.
Metho [...] |
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