Open Access Review

Climatic Risks in South American Coastal Ecosystems: A Mixed-Methods Review

Received: 20 January 2026;  Published: 09 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2603019

Abstract

South America’s coastal ecosystems face increasing threats from multiple climatic stressors, including sea-level rise, ocean warming, intensifying heatwaves, shifts in ENSO patterns, ocean acidification, glacier melt, and more frequent extremes such as storms, droughts, and altered river discharges. These processes accelerate biodiversit [...]