by Mitsuro Chiba  , Satoko Tsuda  and Haruhiko Tozawa

Received: 23 December 2021;  Published: 02 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202012

A modern lifestyle, including dietary westernization, has increased the prevalence of constipation. The authors developed a plant-based diet for inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated whether a diet containing a high amount of dietary fiber is also effective for constipation. Consecutive patients with constipation were recruited in this study from April 2003 to March 2004. Their constipation was unresponsive to a conventional laxative. The patients were provided a plant-based diet during hospitalizatio [...]

by Sheila Lucía Rodríguez García  and Vijaya Raghavan

Received: 17 February 2022;  Published: 01 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202011

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain phenolics from vegetable wastes has been of recent interest. Broccoli is one of the most globally produced vegetables, and around 43% of the harvest is considered waste. Thus, given the significant quantity of broccoli waste generated, the objective of this work was to optimize the MAE, to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) from broccoli by-products (leaves and stems) and broccoli florets. The Response Surface Analysis was used in the optimization model to evalua [...]

by Tina Rawal  , Jean W.M. Muris  , Vijay Kumar Mishra  , Monika Arora  , Nikhil Tandon  and Onno C.P. van Schayck

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 30 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201010

COVID-19 greatly affected the lives of adolescents through restrictions such as less playtime, more screen time, and limited interaction with peers. In this study, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dietary and physical activity-related behavior of school students aged 10–16 years. This cross-sectional study was conducted with adolescents recruited from seven randomly selected private schools in Delhi, India, during 2021. A self-administered web-based survey was conducted to evaluate the behavio [...]

by Laura S. Kabiri  , Amanda M. Perkins-Ball  , Cassandra S. Diep  , Uma Kelavkar  and Augusto X. Rodriguez

Received: 17 December 2021;  Published: 15 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201009

Most children do not meet physical activity guidelines, and school-based programs often fail to increase physical activity levels. However, there has been no intervention pairing college mentors with elementary students to date. The purpose of this paper is to report the feasibility and acceptability, both quantitative and qualitative, of an undergraduate-mentored running program designed to increase physical activity in elementary students. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used to evaluate the feasib [...]

by Meir Djaldetti

Received: 10 January 2022;  Published: 14 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201008

Broccoli has long been reported to exert a positive impact on human health. It contains high levels of isocyanates, the most important of which is sulforaphane (SFN). Numerous studies have demonstrated that SFN can be used as an effective supplement for treating a variety of diseases. In addition, it is known to possess anti-cancer properties such as chemopreventive properties against gastrointestinal, breast, lung, bladder, prostate, and other cancers. The reported data indicates that broccoli could be a potent in [...]

by Haruka Sawamura  , Kurumi Taniguchi  , Yuka Ikeda  , Ai Tsuji  , Yasuko Kitagishi  and Satoru Matsuda

Received: 16 November 2021;  Published: 08 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201007

Immune checkpoints have been aggressively investigated for anti-cancer immunotherapy. The power of microbiota on the outcome of this immunotherapy has attracted much attention. For example, intestinal microorganisms play a key role in the effectiveness of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids produced in the gut may modulate anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 stimulated immune responses and their anti-tumor efficacy. Enhancing the [...]

by Suman Mishra  , Kerry Bentley-Hewitt  , Alex Lubransky  , Bernard Venn  , Duncan Hedderley  , Hannah Dinnan  , Sheridan Martell  , Jillian Haszard  and John Monro

Received: 22 December 2021;  Published: 25 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201006

People with pre-diabetes may be reluctant to add fruit to their diets due to concerns around sugars. Our objective was to measure outcomes associated with potential adverse effects of ingesting fruit sugars while assessing metabolic benefits from eating nutrient-rich kiwifruit. Thirty-four people with pre-diabetes were randomized to receive two kiwifruit or 250 mL bottled water per day for 12-weeks; two people withdrew. The primary outcomes were between-group differences for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma [...]

by Kathy Carter  , John Campbell  , Peyton Shoemaker  , Elisabeth Dichiara  , Neel Patel  and John Caruso

Received: 09 December 2021;  Published: 23 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201005

Space flight imposes a myriad of adverse effects upon the human body. Improved in-flight nutritional strategies help mitigate those adverse effects. This review examines how space flight changes human physiology, and how improved in-flight nutritional strategies may address the unique dietary needs created by microgravity exposure. Dietary approaches and recommendations to address those needs are discussed. This review also describes food sustainability methods for long-term manned space flight, how precision nutri [...]

by Clemens Drenowatz  , Gerson Ferrari  , Gerhard Ruedl  , Armando Cocca  and Klaus Greier

Received: 15 November 2021;  Published: 18 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201004

Poor lifestyle choices in adolescents, including low physical activity (PA), excess screen time, and unhealthy dietary habits, are major threats to their health in the future. Unhealthy behaviors such as insufficient PA, high TV time, and poor dietary choices also tend to cluster, but information on the combined association of screen time, sports participation, and dietary habits is limited in Austrian youth. To examine the association among these behaviors, 165 adolescents (74 girls and 91 boys) between 11 and 14 [...]

by Dana Shamshtein  and Timur Liwinski

Received: 06 December 2021;  Published: 17 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2201003

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that places a great burden on global health. A ketogenic diet, which has traditionally been used for treating refractory epileptic disorders, is being increasingly explored for its potential of alleviating other neuropsychiatric conditions. Providing an up-to-date summary on the ketogenic diet’s potential to alleviate MDD, its neurobiological basis, and preliminary clinical evidence. A structured literature survey was performed, and a narrative review was wr [...]