by Mojtaba Ehsanifar  , Akram Gholami  , Reyhaneh Shenasi  , Nioosha Pahnavar  and Maryam Golmohammadi

Received: 30 October 2025;  Published: 27 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602333

The glymphatic system is a glia-dependent network surrounding blood vessels that facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, playing a crucial role in clearing neuro-metabolites from the brain. This system’s efficiency in transporting waste significantly increases during non-rapid eye movement non-REM sleep. Recent findings suggests that malfunctioning of the glymphatic system might be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivit [...]

by Mohammad Hossein Ekvan  , Ali Sahebi  , Maryam Kord  , Zahra Soltanali  , Amir Hossein Ahmadi  and Somayeh Mohamadi

Received: 05 December 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602332

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent challenges in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism and autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in normal and abnormal groups, such as premature infants or seizure patients, using an umbrella review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and searches [...]

by William Winlow  and Andrew Simon Johnson

Received: 04 August 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602331

Comprehending the nature of nerve communication is fundamental to our understanding of the functioning of nervous systems in general. The ionic mechanisms underlying action potentials in the squid giant axon were first described by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952, and their findings have formed our orthodox view of how the physiological action potential functions. However, substantial evidence has now accumulated to show that the action potential is accompanied by a synchronized coupled soliton press [...]

by Walter Milano  , Roberta Campanile  , Magda Marchese  , Maria Francesca Milano  , Ludovica Ragozino  , Bianca Maria Saetta  and Anna Capasso

Received: 22 October 2025;  Published: 09 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602330

This narrative review explores the pathophysiological consequences, neuroendocrine processes, and treatment approaches aimed at reducing the cardiometabolic adverse effects linked to antipsychotic medications; in particular, it highlights recent mechanistic advances in receptor-mediated metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutic implications. Schizophrenia, which is a long-term and debilitating disorder, correlates with a substantially shorter life expectancy (15-20 years less than that of [...]