by Elham Amjad  and Babak Sokouti

Received: 05 January 2026;  Published: 25 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603349

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a widespread heterogeneity as per the psychiatric nosology, and traditional symptom-based diagnosis frameworks do not offer many clues regarding tailored therapy techniques. The recent development of multi-omics and data-driven solutions has now provided evidence for pathophysiologically different subtypes of MDD, moving the field toward precision psychiatry. The systematic review aggregates multimodal studies that combing neuroimaging, genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, met [...]

by Tasya Fabiola Alim  , Valentinus Besin  and Mariana Wahjudi

Received: 04 January 2026;  Published: 24 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603348

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign tumor, accounting for the majority of pituitary tumors. While extensive epidemiological data on PA exists globally, such data is limited in Indonesia. Epidemiological insights are crucial as disease patterns, including PA, can be ethnicity-dependent, and the incidence may differ across countries. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a cross-sectional study at a primary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving PA participants diagnosed between 2016 and 2020. The col [...]

by Daniel A. Encarnacion-Santos  , Andrey Vladimirovish Dubovoy  , Gennady Chmutin  , Egor Chmutin  , Emmanuel Batista-Geraldino  , Shahboz Boboev Ibrohimovich  and Adam Romanovish Mainer

Received: 28 April 2026;  Published: 21 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603347

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by stenosis of the terminal portion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the formation of an abnormal collateral vascular network at the skull base. This condition was first described by Suzuki and Takaku in 1969. This case report aims to describe the surgical management and the pathological and physiological characteristics of moyamoya disease in a child, focusing on a rare case involving an infant with Down syndrome [...]

by Helen Cyntia Mago  , Valentinus Besin  , Astuti Prodjohardjono  , Amelia Nur Vidyanti  , Waode Fifin Ervina  , Farizky Martriano Humardani  and Lisa Thalia Mulyanata

Received: 03 January 2026;  Published: 21 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603346

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases among older people. Generally, there are two main pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease, including the accumulation of amyloid beta and the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated Tau protein in the brain. Recently, more studies have discovered that changes in the immune system can be one of the causes of amyloid-beta deposits. Amyloid-beta is a product of the breakdown of the glycoprotein amyloid precursor protein, a transmembrane [...]

by Elham Amjad  and Babak Sokouti

Received: 17 December 2025;  Published: 11 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603345

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a major mental health threat in the Middle East, where people experience ongoing conflict, displacement, and trauma. This study summarizes the use of computational and data-driven approaches, including machine learning (ML), biomarker identification, network analysis, and factor analysis, to understand, diagnose, and treat PTSD in the Middle East. A detailed search of the Scopus database led to the inclusion of only relevant original/research studies that met strict inclus [...]

by Vincenzo Manca

Received: 27 March 2026;  Published: 11 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603344

This paper proposes a general theory of cognitive systems that inverts the conventional relationship between information and knowledge. While classical approaches define knowledge as the byproduct of processed information, we establish knowledge as a primitive concept and formulate information as a measure emerging from the process of assimilating knowledge. The epistemic measure of information provides a formal counterpart to Piaget’s assimilation-accommodation paradigm, expressed in terms of knowledge encoding co [...]

by Giacomo Farì  , Sara Clelia Longo  , Morena Pitruzzella  , Francesco Quarta  , Marisa Megna  , Maurizio Ranieri  , Simone Della Tommasa  , Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni  , Giustino Varrassi  , Francesco Agostini  and Andrea Bernetti

Received: 26 January 2026;  Published: 09 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603343

This narrative literature review aims to examine and hypothesize about the neurobiological effects of the Tesla Functional Magnetic Stimulation (FMS) chair through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and arXiv databases. A critical finding emerged: published research specifically investigating the Tesla FMS chair and its neurobiological mechanisms is extremely limited. Among the papers identified and ranked by relevance, only one study directly examined a Tesla-branded FMS chai [...]

by Farida Arisanti  , Bejo Ropii  , Yunia Sribudiani  , Lisda Amalia  , Julia Patrick Engkasan  and Vitriana Biben

Received: 19 January 2026;  Published: 06 August 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603342

Post-stroke ambulation demands significant cognitive regulation, particularly in complex environments that require concurrent motor and cognitive processing. Challenges in the coordination between cognitive functions and motor skills lead to reduced adaptability in walking, an increased fall risk, and limitations in moving around the community among stroke survivors. To integrate recent evidence on dual-task gait training post-stroke, with particular focus on the neurological mechanisms underlying cognitive-motor i [...]

by Jamal Magantor

Received: 14 March 2026;  Published: 22 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603341

The proliferation of digital technology has introduced novel stressors that may disproportionately affect migrant adolescents and young adults, a growing demographic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to investigate the associations between digital stress, emotion regulation, sleep quality, and psychological well-being (depression and anxiety) in this population. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with 275 multinational migrant university students (≥18 years) residing in the UAE. P [...]

by Oleksandr M. Stoyanov  , Valeriy Y. Kalashnikov  , Rooslan S. Vastyanov  , Yevgen V. Oprya  , Yuriy V. Melnyk  , Yana I. Kuhel  and Tamara O. Andreeva

Received: 09 March 2026;  Published: 06 July 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603340

The article presents a comprehensive clinical, neurological, and neuropsychological analysis of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy (CAE) as a systemic toxic-metabolic lesion of the central nervous system, characterized by a stage-dependent progressive course that is not a direct equivalent of the stages of alcohol dependence. Based on the examination of 66 patients with CAE of varying severity, the disease is shown to involve a combination of diffuse neurological symptoms (cerebellar, vestibular, pyramidal, sensorimo [...]