by Abdol Aziz Shahraki

Received: 18 September 2021;  Published: 17 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104035

This research suggests optimal planning and designing techniques for tourism complexes in urban master planning. Firstly, it explains the importance of the tourism industry through the theories of scholars and experts. It also emphasizes the connection between the development of urban economies and the tourism industry. This helps integrate the tourism industry and comprehensive regional/urban planning. It starts with planning and designing the tourism complexes in the early stages of the municipality’s master plan [...]

by Glenn Baxter

Received: 22 October 2021;  Published: 15 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104034

The present study used a detailed qualitative longitudinal research approach to examine the trends of water consumption, wastewater volumes, and drainage water volumes in Oslo Airport Gardermoen, which is Norway’s major hub airport, between the years 2005 and 2020. An overall upward trend was observed in the water consumption at Oslo Airport Gardermoen, which was consistent with the growth in air traffic and aircraft movements during the study period. The annual water consumption per enplaned passenger was observed [...]

by Remedios Martinez-Guijarro  , Maria Pachés  , Inmaculada Romero  and Daniel Aguado

Received: 08 October 2021;  Published: 15 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104033

Heavy metal(loid)s are a group of elements present commonly in the environment, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, and As elements, among others. While these elements could have their origins in natural sources, anthropogenic activities, such as mining, agriculture, industry, etc., are also responsible for enhancing the concentration of these elements in the ecosystems up to undesirable levels. A few of these metal(loid)s serve as necessary micronutrients for life, while the others are extremely harmful and migh [...]

by Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos  , Athanassios Giannopoulos  , Yannis G. Caouris  , Manolis Souliotis  and Mattheos Santamouris

Received: 04 September 2021;  Published: 06 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104032

The hourly ambient air temperature information was analyzed for two Greek coastal Mediterranean cities: Patras (for the entire 2018 year) with ten urban and one rural stations, and Kalamata (for the entire 2019 and 2020 years) with eight urban and two rural stations. The heating and cooling Degree Hours (DH) and Degree Days (DD) were calculated, for base temperatures of 18 °C and 26 °C, respectively. The urban heating degree hours for the cities of Patras and Kalamata were observed to be 19.2% and 24%, respectively [...]

by June An  and Young Nam Chun

Received: 30 October 2021;  Published: 01 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104031

Renewable energies such as solar or wind energy are highly unreliable, owing to uncertain energy intensity and discontinuity. This shortcoming could be overcome by converting renewable energies to a form such as chemical fuel storage. In the present study, we created an energy conversion system that uses microwave heating and a carbon receptor to transform CO2, a greenhouse gas, into CO chemical fuel. The parametric investigation found that increasing the gasification temperature and feed gas temperature decreased [...]

by Thomas Frei

Received: 12 October 2021;  Published: 24 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104030

Climate change has a major impact on nature and influences ecological systems. The increase in the CO2-concentration in the atmosphere is a major driver of global warming. This study showed that global warming has a major impact on the release of pollen, and hence, on the people suffering from allergies in Switzerland. Basel is a station where long-term pollen observation is conducted, and the data was used to investigate the change during the last 52 years. There are stations throughout the world to measure the at [...]

by Maggie MacKinnon  , Maibritt Pedersen Zari  and Daniel K. Brown

Received: 13 August 2021;  Published: 09 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104029

The practice of reconciliation ecology in urban environments relies heavily on urban green space as the primary source of vegetated habitat in cities. However, most cities lack the quantity, connectivity, and accessibility of green space needed to provide essential ecosystem services for the health, well-being, and resilience of human and non-human species. In reaction to urban densification and the increasing frequency and severity of climate change impacts, this study argues that architecture could strategically [...]

by Erina White  , Farzane Mohseni  and Meisam Amani

Received: 28 August 2021;  Published: 04 November 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104028

The vitality of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is threatened by many human-made impacts. Monitoring this ecosystem makes it possible to study the general condition and the health of the GBR. However, due to the large extent of the GBR and limited accessibility in the ocean environment, mapping and monitoring this ecosystem has been always challenging task and connived. In this regard, Remote Sensing (RS) is an effective technique that provides valuable information for mapping and monitoring this ecosystem. In an atte [...]

by Ana Cruz del Álamo  , María Isabel Pariente  , Alejandra Sánchez-Bayo  , Daniel Puyol  , Rosalía Rodríguez  , Victoria Morales  , Luis Fernando Bautista  , Gemma Vicente  , Juan Antonio Melero  , Raúl Molina  and Fernando Martínez

Received: 31 July 2021;  Published: 28 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104027

Hospitals are one of the key contributors of pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern to the sewer systems. Hospitals wastewaters contain concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds between 3 and 150, which are higher than urban wastewater streams. However, dedicated treatments of the hospital effluents before discharge to the sewer system are not compulsory. Besides, conventional wastewater treatment plants have not been designed to remove pharmaceutical compounds effectively, and consequently, these micropo [...]

by Giorgos Mountrakis  and Sheng Yang

Received: 24 March 2021;  Published: 26 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/aeer.2104026

While numerous studies have considered forest loss factors at local scales, there is a gap of comparative quantitative regional modeling at the U.S. national level. Here, we investigated statistical relationships between gross forest cover loss (GFCL) and numerous socioeconomic, biophysical and ownership variables between two decades, the 1990s and the 2000s. A spatial error model was employed to compensate for spatial autocorrelation effects. Models from the 2000s had stronger explanatory power than the 1990s mode [...]