by Rajalaxmi Visvanathan  , Kavya Vembudurai  , Sridevi Gopathy  , Janaga Ranjani Sankar  , Sugasri Sureshkumar  , Meena Gupta  and Mohan Kumar Govindharaj

Received: 04 December 2025;  Published: 09 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602336

The study aimed to compare the effects of neurobic and aerobic approaches in Dementia care. Dementia is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a decline in cognitive abilities, including thinking, reasoning, and memory. In India, it is estimated that 74% of adults aged 60 and older are affected, totaling around 8.8 million individuals. Neurobics refers to exercises designed to enhance oxygen flow and invigorate the brain by engaging in novel activities, situations, or experiences. This may include attending liv [...]

by Valerio Massimo Magro  , Andrea Sorbino  , Concetta Ljoka  , Nicola Manocchio  and Calogero Foti

Received: 17 September 2025;  Published: 08 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602335

Patients with severe neurological sequelae often experience profound motor deconditioning that, combined with impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced lung volume, and the presence of tracheostomy, predisposes them to pulmonary infections and serious respiratory complications. A 24-year-old male with spastic quadriplegia secondary to childhood cerebral hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation, tracheostomy with a cuffed cannula under mechanical ventilation, and hydrocephalus treated with a ventriculoperitoneal [...]

by Mehwish Qamar  , Asma Hayati Ahmad  , Sarina Sulong  , Ambreen Tauseef  and Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman

Received: 09 November 2025;  Published: 05 May 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602334

Stress is a multifaceted response involving physiological, psychological, and behavioural processes, with neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine playing key modulatory roles. This study aimed to map global research trends on stress and neurotransmitters, identify thematic clusters, and highlight emerging frontiers relevant to health and disease. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 4,132 publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2023. Data were retrieved and processed using Exce [...]

by Mojtaba Ehsanifar  , Akram Gholami  , Reyhaneh Shenasi  , Nioosha Pahnavar  and Maryam Golmohammadi

Received: 30 October 2025;  Published: 27 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602333

The glymphatic system is a glia-dependent network surrounding blood vessels that facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, playing a crucial role in clearing neuro-metabolites from the brain. This system’s efficiency in transporting waste significantly increases during non-rapid eye movement non-REM sleep. Recent findings suggests that malfunctioning of the glymphatic system might be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a [...]

by Mohammad Hossein Ekvan  , Ali Sahebi  , Maryam Kord  , Zahra Soltanali  , Amir Hossein Ahmadi  and Somayeh Mohamadi

Received: 05 December 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602332

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent challenges in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism and autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in normal and abnormal groups, such as premature infants or seizure patients, using an umbrella review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and searches were conducted with [...]

by William Winlow  and Andrew Simon Johnson

Received: 04 August 2025;  Published: 13 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602331

Comprehending the nature of nerve communication is fundamental to our understanding of the functioning of nervous systems in general. The ionic mechanisms underlying action potentials in the squid giant axon were first described by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952, and their findings have formed our orthodox view of how the physiological action potential functions. However, substantial evidence has now accumulated to show that the action potential is accompanied by a synchronized coupled soliton pressure pulse in the cel [...]

by Walter Milano  , Roberta Campanile  , Magda Marchese  , Maria Francesca Milano  , Ludovica Ragozino  , Bianca Maria Saetta  and Anna Capasso

Received: 22 October 2025;  Published: 09 April 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2602330

This narrative review explores the pathophysiological consequences, neuroendocrine processes, and treatment approaches aimed at reducing the cardiometabolic adverse effects linked to antipsychotic medications; in particular, it highlights recent mechanistic advances in receptor-mediated metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutic implications. Schizophrenia, which is a long-term and debilitating disorder, correlates with a substantially shorter life expectancy (15-20 years less than that of the general populac [...]

by Riki Sukiandra  , Dini Hanania  , M. Zacky Haikal  and Muhammad Faaiz Adlii

Received: 09 December 2025;  Published: 27 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601329

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a frequently underrecognized complication that contributes to long-term disability among stroke survivors. This study aimed to determine the frequency of CPSP and to describe its clinical characteristics and associated factors among stroke patients treated at Arifin Achmad General Hospital. A cross-sectional design was employed and included adult stroke patients with diagnoses confirmed by neuroimaging. CPSP was diagnosed based on the clinical criteria proposed by Klit et al., and [...]

by Mahsa Zeynali  , Hadi Seyedarabi  and Reza Afrouzian

Received: 25 September 2025;  Published: 10 March 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601328

The design of products in Neuromarketing using machine learning methods has been a continuous challenge in Computer-aided design. Previously, deep learning techniques have been applied to generate random images for domains such as furniture, fashion, and product design. However, using deep generative methods requires a large amount of data and overlooks human aspects in the design process. This paper aims to extract human perceptual factors from brain signals using a Transformer-based model and involve them in arti [...]

by Elisa Bertulla  , Ilaria Baldelli  , Andrea Antonini  and Edoardo Raposio

Received: 14 November 2025;  Published: 28 February 2026;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2601327

Migraine surgery is primarily indicated for patients with chronic migraine who are refractory to conventional pharmacological treatments. The procedure aims to deactivate peripheral trigger sites—anatomical zones where migraines can be triggered by nerve compression and irritation. The most common trigger areas are the frontal, occipital, and temporal. This review seeks to analyse the prevalence of treatment and corresponding success rates for these three main trigger sites. A systematic review was conducted on Pub [...]