TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isrovanigoro, 
AU  - Lolita, 
AU  - Adnan, 
AU  - Puspitasari, Metalia
AU  - Wang, Zijie
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/09
TI  - Utilization Patterns and Safety Profile of Immunosuppressive Regimen among Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Descriptive Pharmacoepidemiological Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia
JO  - OBM Transplantation
SP  - 270
VL  - 10
IS  - 02
AB  - Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but long-term success is greatly influenced by the selection and safety of immunosuppressants. Local data on prescribing patterns and the incidence of drug side effects in Indonesia are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate induction therapy patterns, immunosuppressant maintenance, and the incidence of drug-related side effects among kidney transplant recipients at a tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of recipients aged ≥18 years who underwent outpatient follow-up between January 2017 and July 2024. Complete medical records were analyzed descriptively, with variables including recipient and donor characteristics, induction and maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, and adverse drug reactions such as infections and non-infections during the 12 months post-transplantation. A total of 57 among the 87 recipients met the inclusion criteria, comprising 70.2% male, 56.1% aged 18-39 years, 98.2% with a history of dialysis, 77.2% with hypertension, and all living donors. Basiliximab induction was administered to all recipients (100%) in combination with triple therapy of tacrolimus, mycophenolate sodium (MPS) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids. Maintenance therapy was predominantly tacrolimus, MPS, steroids 43/57 (75.4%), and tacrolimus, MMF, steroids 14/57 (24.6%). The most common adverse drug events were urinary tract infections (31.6%), followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV, 5.3%) and herpes zoster (3.5%). Non-infectious events included diarrhea (7%), tremor (3.5%), dyslipidemia (3.5%), and new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) (3.5%). Basiliximab induction and tacrolimus-mycophenolate-steroid maintenance therapy were the predominant immunosuppressive regimens and were associated with an acceptable first-year safety profile. Close monitoring for opportunistic infections, optimization of tacrolimus levels, and structured pharmacovigilance are required to maintain graft function.
SN  - 2577-5820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.transplant.2602270
DO  - 10.21926/obm.transplant.2602270
ID  - Isrovanigoro2026
ER  -