TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shimoda, Masayuki
AU  - Matsumoto, Shinichi
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2018/04/25
TI  - Islet Xenotransplantation for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
JO  - OBM Transplantation
SP  - 008
VL  - 02
IS  - 02
AB  - More than 10 million people worldwide suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Allogeneic islet transplantation has been established to prevent severe hypoglycemia in unstable T1DM patients although there is a serious shortage of donors. Islet xenotransplantation using porcine islets is a promising solution to this issue. Porcine islets offer several advantages over human islets, including unlimited and on-demand supplies, a higher quality of islets from healthy donors, greater safety with designated pathogen-free (DPF) donor pigs and the potential to improve survival with gene modification technologies. Compared with embryonic stem (ES) cell- and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived insulin producing cells, porcine islets are associated with a depth of clinical experience and evidence of safety and efficacy. One of the major concerns of islet xenotransplantation is zoonotic infection. DPF status donor pigs and monitoring for the presence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) are necessary to prevent this complication. In addition, compliance with regulatory guidance is important to prevent the spread of zoonotic infections.A clinical trial of encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation for the treatment of T1DM under comprehensive regulation was reported in 2014. This study demonstrated the safety of islet xenotransplantation although the efficacy was limited. In 2016, encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation was reported to provide clinical benefit for T1DM patients. Encapsulated porcine islet xenotransplantation seems a promising therapeutic approach and recent scientific advances, including immune suppression protocols, gene editing technologies, and blastocyst complementation technology, offer the potential to further promote this technique for the treatment of T1DM.
SN  - 2577-5820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.transplant.1802008
DO  - 10.21926/obm.transplant.1802008
ID  - Shimoda2018
ER  -