TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khatri, Pooam
AU  - Sahoo, Kamalakanta
AU  - Bergman, Richard
AU  - Puettmann, Maureen
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/12/15
TI  - Life Cycle Assessment of North American Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) Production
JO  - Recent Progress in Materials
SP  - 048
VL  - 03
IS  - 04
AB  - Raw materials for buildings and construction account for more than 35% of global primary energy use and nearly 40% of energy-related CO₂ emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasized the drastic reduction in GHG emissions and thus, wood products with very low or negative carbon footprint materials can play an important role. In this study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was followed to quantify the environmental impacts of laminated strand lumber (LSL). The inventory data represented North American LSL production in terms of input materials, including wood and resin, electricity and fuel use, and production facility emissions for the 2019 production year. The contribution of cradle-to-gate life cycle stages was substantial (>70%) towards the total (cradle-to-grave) environmental impacts of LSL. The cradle-to-gate LCA results per m³ LSL were estimated to be 275 kg CO₂ eq global warming, 39.5 kg O₃eq smog formation, 1.7 kg SO₂ eq acidification, 0.2 kg N eq eutrophication, and 598 MJ fossil fuel depletion. Resin production as a part of resource extraction contributed 124 kg CO₂ eq (45%). The most relevant unit processes in their decreasing contribution to their cradle-to-grave GW impacts were resource extraction, end-of-life (EoL), transportation (resources and product), and LSL manufacturing. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the use of adhesive, consumption of electricity, and transport distance had the greatest influences on the LCA results. Considering the whole life cycle of the LSL, the final product stored 1,010 kg CO₂ eq/m³ of LSL, roughly two times more greenhouse gas emissions over than what was released (493 kg CO₂ eq/m³ of LSL) from cradle-to-grave. Overall, LSL has a negative GW impact and acts as a carbon sink if used in the construction sector. The study results are intended to be important for future studies, including waste disposal and recycling strategies to optimize environmental trade-offs. 
SN  - 2689-5846
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2104048
DO  - 10.21926/rpm.2104048
ID  - Khatri2021
ER  -