TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarez, Francisco J
AU  - Alvarez, Antonia A.
AU  - Lafuente, Hector
AU  - Alonso-Alconada, Daniel
AU  - Blanco-Bruned, Jose L.
AU  - Santaolalla, Francisco
AU  - Hilario, Enrique
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/11/15
TI  - Relationship between Brain Injury and Clinical Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Piglets
JO  - OBM Neurobiology
SP  - 045
VL  - 03
IS  - 04
AB  - Background: The newborn affected by severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury usually end up dying, and those who survive suffer neurodevelopmental handicaps. Biomarkers are required to identify the hypoxic-ischemic insult in order to determine the early rescue treatment method to be followed. The aim of the present study was to correlate relevant biomarkers to the pathophysiological process of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at 6 h and 72 h in newborn piglets.
Methods:Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in the piglets by clamping both the carotid arteries and reducing the inspired oxygen. Animals were assigned randomly into two groups: the hypoxic-ischemic (HI) group and the sham group. In both the groups, 50% of the animals were sacrificed at 6 h, and the rest of the animals were sacrificed after 72 h. Brain tissue oxygen index (TOI) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) were recorded. Fronto-parietal cortex sections stained using the Nissl method, TUNEL assay, and for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were examined. Mean values were compared using the one-way analysis of variance for the unpaired data (p < 0.05).
Results: A decrease in arterial pH, PaO2, and base excess were observed during the hypoxic-ischemic injury, in the HI group compared to the sham group. A decrease in the TOI values was observed during insult, although the mean values of TOI were recovered afterward. aEEG was observed to remain stable throughout the 72 h in the sham group, while a decrease was observed in the HI group. Electroencephalographic traces displayed the occurrence of seizures at 6 h in 80% of the piglets. Nissl staining revealed a decrease in the number of normal neurons in the cortex at 6 and 72 h, as well as an increase in the number of pyknotic cells. In addition, in the cortex of the HI group animals, the number of TUNEL-positive cells at 72 h was higher than that in the sham group. GFAP staining revealed a decrease in the number of astrocytes in the cortex at 72 h.
Conclusions: Results of the present study suggested that although both TOI and aEEG are suitable markers of the neuronal and astroglial cell damage caused by hypoxic-ischemic injury in piglets, the latter provides better outcomes at 72 h.
SN  - 2573-4407
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904045
DO  - 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904045
ID  - Alvarez2019
ER  -