TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosen, Charles
AU  - Simpkins, James
AU  - Bhatia, Sanjay
AU  - Sun, Dandan
AU  - Lucke-Wold, Brandon
AU  - Sizemore, Gina
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2018/05/31
TI  - Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Hyperpolarized, Depolarized, and Flow-Through Ion Channels Utilized as Tri-Coordinate Biomarkers of Electrophysiologic Dysfunction
JO  - OBM Neurobiology
SP  - 009
VL  - 02
IS  - 02
AB  - The brain is an integrated network of multiple variables that when compromised creates a disease state. The neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury demonstrate both similarity and complexity that reflects this integrated variability; temporal lobe epilepsy with its live human tissue resection research delivers reproducible genetic contributors such as channelopathies, and neurotransmitter deoxyribonucleic acid mutation, yet often fails to be consistent across monozygotic twins. In addition, epigenetic research reveals the influence of non-coding ribonucleic acid, and post-translational modification error. Meanwhile, neuroinflammatory abnormalities throughout astrocytes with hippocampal sclerosis and damaged or even reversed signaling pathways (inhibition to excitation such as with gaba-aminobutyric acid) are similar to those seen in post-stroke and TBI models. In evaluation of the epilepsy population this interconnectedness of pathology warrants further evaluation with collaborative efforts. This review summarizes patterns that connect genetics, epigenetics, and neuro-injury across etiologies of electrophysiologic dysfunction such as temporal lobe epilepsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. In conclusion we demonstrate the plausibility of electrophysiologic voltage and current measurement of brain tissue by patch clamp analysis to specify actual electrophysiologic function for comparison to electroencephalography to aid neurologic evaluation. Finally, we discuss the opportunity with multiscale modeling to display integration of the hyperpolarization cyclic-nucleotide gated channel, the depolarized calcium channels, and sodium-potassium-chloride-one/potassium-chloride-two co-transporter channels as potential mechanisms utilized as tri-coordinate biomarkers with these three forms of neurologic disease at a molecular scale of electrophysiologic pathology.
SN  - 2573-4407
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802009
DO  - 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802009
ID  - Rosen2018
ER  -