TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engvild, Kjeld
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/12/03
TI  - Combination of the Hansemann-Boveri, Warburg, and Knudson Theories of Cancer, Based on Failure of Missegregation Damage Mitigation
JO  - OBM Genetics
SP  - 100
VL  - 03
IS  - 04
AB  - The Hansemann-Boveri aneuploidy theory, the Warburg aerobic glycolysis theory, and the Knudson two-hit mutation theory can be seen as different aspects of a theory where the very common chromosome missegregation damage is mitigated by several quite different mechanisms. Cancer only occurs when all of these mechanisms have been inactivated in a single cell line, typically by mutation, for example by carcinogens. There are at least 5 different repair mechanisms which implies a multiple hit factor of at least 5. The repairs are: Tetraploidization instead of missegregation, cell division arrest, apoptosis, elimination by the immune system, and prevention of long life of cancer cell/macrophage fusions. Hansemann-Boveri aneuploidy is caused by run-away missegregation, Warburg aerobic glycolysis by mutational inactivation of the mitochondrial apoptosis mechanism, and the Knudson two-hit is a subclass of the multiple hit mechanism.
SN  - 2577-5790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.1904100
DO  - 10.21926/obm.genet.1904100
ID  - Engvild2019
ER  -