TY  - JOUR
AU  - Röttgering, Bas
AU  - Szuhai, Karoly
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/10/14
TI  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in Physiology, Cancer, and Cancer Treatment
JO  - OBM Genetics
SP  - 096
VL  - 03
IS  - 04
AB  - IGF2 is a strongly mitogenic peptide and imprinted gene primarily involved in foetal development. In the foetus, IGF2 is highly expressed and is involved with foetal growth and tissue differentiation. However, postnatally IGF2 expression decreases although its expression level is still higher in blood than of IGF1. In adults, the physiological function of IGF2 is poorly understood, but may have a metabolic function. Although expression of IGF2 normally decreases in adults, IGF2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers causing an increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1R) receptor and insulin receptor (IR) activity. This subsequently causes increases in downstream AKT, FOXO and MAPK activity and leads to increased proliferation, survival and overall worse prognosis in patients which overexpress IGF2. As IGF1R activation has been found in several types of cancers, many different IGF1R targeted therapies have been tested in clinical setting, although elicited only limited anti-cancer efficacy. In this review, the physiological function of IGF2 will be outlined in relation to gene expression regulation, imprinting and signalling. Additionally, the differences in physiological and aberrant cancer IGF2 signalling will be summarized.
SN  - 2577-5790
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.1904096
DO  - 10.21926/obm.genet.1904096
ID  - Röttgering2019
ER  -