TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rahmadyanti, Erina
AU  - Nusantara, Danayanti Azmi Dewi
AU  - Nasihien, Ronny Durrotun
AU  - Prakoso, Dimas Nur
AU  - Mubaroq, Sugeng Rifqi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/21
TI  - Kinetic Modelling, Faraday-Based Continuous-Flow Projection, and Techno-Economic Assessment of Electrocoagulation-Filtration for Batik Wastewater
JO  - Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research
SP  - 022
VL  - 07
IS  - 03
AB  - Wastewater from stamped batik (batik cap) — the block-printing method that dominates micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) production across Southeast Asia — is commonly discharged without a transferable design basis for continuous-flow scale. This study links batch-scale electrocoagulation-filtration (EC-F) kinetics to operational current-density projections for a 1 m3/day wastewater treatment plant, complemented by techno-economic and carbon footprint assessments. A 2 × 3 factorial batch experiment with aluminium electrodes was conducted on real batik cap effluent. Six candidate kinetic forms — exponential saturation, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Langmuir-hyperbolic, Gompertz, and logistic — were compared via AIC; sigmoidal forms (Gompertz at 4 cm gap; logistic at 2 cm gap) provided substantially better description of the η versus Faraday aluminium-dose data than the exponential baseline (ΔAIC = 5–38). The spacing factor was retained after controlling for total charge as a covariate (ANCOVA p < 10-4 for all three parameters), confirming a genuine geometric-mass-transfer effect beyond the coulombic load. The laboratory optimum yielded chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids removals above 92% at a specific energy demand of 4.5-10.5 kWh kg-1 pollutant. The continuous-flow projection — explicitly framed as a predictive scale-up framework rather than a validated solution — recommends an operational current density of ≈1.4 mA cm-2 (parameter-wise medians 1.28-1.36 mA cm-2; combined safety value 1.4), one order of magnitude below the batch range, with projected effluent compliant with national discharge standards. Operational cost of USD 1.05-1.75 m-3 (correlated Monte Carlo, n = 20,000) is most sensitive to the kinetic rate constant and the aluminium plate price; the carbon footprint is dominated by primary aluminium production (89% of 10.4 kg CO2 m-3) and can be reduced to 0.99 kg CO2 m-3 by combining recycled-aluminium electrodes with photovoltaic power. A trade-off analysis between removal efficiency and sludge generation is also reported. The framework provides an auditable, MSME-relevant design basis for EC scale-up in the Southeast Asian batik sector.
SN  - 2766-6190
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2603022
DO  - 10.21926/aeer.2603022
ID  - Rahmadyanti2026
ER  -