TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hannan, Muhammad
AU  - Ali, Muzafar
AU  - Lu, Chengpeng
AU  - Xu, Jia
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/02/24
TI  - Hydroclimatic Variability and Precipitation Extremes in Sindh under a Changing Climate
JO  - Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research
SP  - 004
VL  - 07
IS  - 01
AB  - Sindh Province, Pakistan, is highly vulnerable to hydroclimatic extremes, necessitating a detailed understanding of its precipitation patterns for effective water management. This study assesses spatiotemporal precipitation dynamics across Sindh from 2001 to 2024 by integrating satellite-based CHIRPS data, in situ observations from the Climate Knowledge Portal (CKP), and CMIP6 climate model projections. Validation results show strong agreement between CHIRPS and ground data (R ≈ 0.87, d ≈ 0.93), confirming the satellite product’s reliability in data-sparse regions. Findings reveal a pronounced southeast-northwest precipitation gradient, with coastal districts receiving higher rainfall (up to 485.72 mm) compared to the interior plains. The region exhibits high interannual variability (CV = 50.32%), driven by the South Asian summer monsoon and modulated by ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole. While decadal analysis shows a modest upward trend in mean annual precipitation (from 167.17 mm in 2001-2010 to 271.25 mm in 2021-2024), precipitation extremes have intensified significantly. Future projections suggest that, although mean precipitation remains relatively stable, the intensity of extreme events is likely to rise. These results provide a scientific foundation for disaster preparedness and the development of climate-resilient policies in Sindh.
SN  - 2766-6190
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2601004
DO  - 10.21926/aeer.2601004
ID  - Hannan2026
ER  -